劍聽力文本及

劍2

Tapescripts

LOUISE

Ohhello,I'dliketojointhevideolibrary.

MRMAX

OK.Wouldyouliketofillintheapplicationformnow

LOUISE

Yes,Icandoitnow.

MRMAX

HoldonandI'llgetaform.Now,I'lljustaskyouafewquestionsandthenI'llget

youtosignatthebottom.

LOUISE

Right.

MRMAX

What'syourfullname

LOUISE

LouiseCynthiaJones.

Example

MRMAX

Jones

LOUISE

Yes,that'sright.

Repeat

MRMAX

OK,andwhat'syouraddress

LOUISE

Apartment1,72BlackStreet,Highbridge.

Ql

MRMAX

BlackStreet,that'sjustaroundthecorner,isn'tit

LOUISE

Yes.

MRMAX

OK,sothepostcodeis2085,right

Q2

LOUISE

Yes,2085.

MRMAX

Mm.AndyourtelephonenumberIneedbothhomeandwork.

LOUISE

Homeis98356712andworkis94561309.DoyouneedanyIDoranythinglike

thatQ3

MRMAX

Yes,weneedyourdriver'slicencenumber,thatisifyouhaveone.

LOUISE

Yes,1knowifoffbyheart,it'saneasyone,2020BD.Doyouneedtoseeit

Q4

MRMAX

Yes,I'mafraidIdo.

LOUISEMm...here.

MRMAX

Right,thanks.Andcouldyoutellmeyourdateofbirthplease

LOUISE'

25July1977.

Q5

MRMAX

That'sthemostimportantpartoutoftheway,butcouldIjustaskyouafew

questionsforasurveywe'reconducting

LOUISE

OK.

MRMAX

WhatkindofvideosdoyouprefertowatchHavealookatthislist.

LOUISE

Well,Iloveanythingthatmakesmelaugh.Ijustlovetohearjokesandfunny

punchlines.Q6I'mnotverykeenonwesterns,althoughmyfatherlikesthem,but

I'ma

realsoftie,soanythingwithabitofalovestoryisgoodforme.Q7Itdoesn't

matter

howold.Notmusicalsthough,they'retoomuch!

MRMAX

Anythingelse

LOUISE

I'mcompletelytakenbydocumentariesofthegreatoutdoors,youknowthe

sort,animals,plantsandfarawayplaces.Q8

1sawawonderfuloneondolphinslast

week.Itwasamazing.

MRMAX

Now,Ithinkthat'sallfromme,exceptIneedyoutosignhereontheline.Here's

apen.Oh,andInearlyforgot,themembershipfee.$25,refundableifyouleavethelibrary

foranyreason.

Q9

LOUISEThereyouare.AnddoIsignhere

MRMAXYes,that'sit.Youcanborrowvideosnow,ifyoulike,butyourcardwon'tbe

readyuntilnextweek.Youcancomeandpickitupwhenyoubringyourfirstvideos

back.Thatisifyouwanttotakesomenow.Q10

LOUISEYes,I'dliketo.I'llhavealookaround.

MRMAXFine.

SECTION2

INTERVIEWERAdreamcametruein1995,whenover96daysofthespringandsummer,

anexpeditionoffourmenundertookwhattheybelievetohavebeenthe

firstandonlycompleteend-to-endcrossingofMorocco'sAttoramountains.Italked

toCharlesOwen,theleaderoftheexpeditiongroup,aboutthetrip.

Charles,howmuchplanningwentonbeforehand

CHARLESWell,asyouknow,Irunthesewalkingtripsacrossthemountainsfor

touristsandovertheyears,I'vecollectedmapsandotherdatatopreparewhatIcalla'routebook'forthistripandthisbookbasicallyshowstherouteacrossthemountainsthat

wetook.

Q11

INTERVIEWER

Youactuallybrokerecordswhileyouwereoutthere,didn'tyou

CHARLESMmm.

Yes,itwas900milesintotalQ12andwemanagedtoclimb32peaks

thatwereover3000metreshigh,includingToubkal,whichisofcoursethe

highestinNorthAfrica.Q13

Weweren'tactuallyouttomakeanameforourselves-it

justhappenedreally.

INTERVIEWERWhatwasthe.weatherlike

CHARLESItgotusrightfromdayoneandwewereprettytakenabackreallytofind

thatitrainedonquiteanumberofdays,andsowewereforcedtostart

Q14

re-planningourroutealmostfromtheoutset.Oneoftheobviousproblemsistheheavy

snowwhichblocksthemountainpasses,soyouhave

tomakeconsiderabledetours.

WhenwewereonthewaytoImilchil,for

example,thesnowforcedusintoanorthern

bypasswhichwasnewtous,butanyway,eitherwaywewouldhavebeenrewardedbecausewefelluponamazing,highmeadows,hugegorgesandwonderfulsnow-cappedmountains.Thescenerywasasfineasanywesawonthetripandthatwashowitwaseverytime-havingtotakeanotherpasswasneveradisappointment.Q15INTERVIEWERItwasinmanywaysasocialtrip,wasn'tit

CHARLESYes,yes...we'darrangedtomeetupwithfriendsatvariouspointsonthe.journey.Imeanthiswasactuallyoneofthepurposesofthetrip...andwemanagedto

keepallthesedates,Q16

whichisamazingreallyconsideringthe.detourswemade.An

oldfriendactedasasortoftransportorganiserQ17

foreveryoneandtheHotelAliin

Marrakechwasagoodsocialbase-I'dreallyrecommendit,althoughIcan'tremember

whorunsit.Anyway,groupsoffriendsactuallyjoinedusforthree-weekstintsQ18and

othersjustlinkedup

withus.Some,whomwehadn'tmetbeforethetripatall,tagged

onforshortbursts-peoplefromthearea-whojustcamealongfortheride.Butoutside

themajorvisitorareaslikeToubkalweonlymetoneothergroup

oftravellerslike

ourselvesinthewhole96days.

INTERVIEWER

Werethereanybadmoments

CHARLES

Wetooktwo,Imustsay,long-sufferingdonkeyswithustohelptransport

waterandtentsandthings.Isupposeifweweretodoitallagainwe'dprobablyhire

donkeysalongtheway.TazaandTamri,aswecalledthem

afterthelastplacesinthe

trip,Q19well,theymadequiteauniquejourneybetweenthem,and...butitwas

continuouslydemandingforthem.On

boththereallyhighsummits,theytook

diversionsthatwerequiteoutofcharacterQ20andIcanonlyassumethatitmusthave

beenduetotiredness.

INTERVIEWER

Well,thankyou...AndCharleshasputtogetheravideoaboutthi

journeyandcontinuestoleadgroupstotheAttoramountains,soifyouwantfurther

information

.

SECTION

3

JANE

HiTim!(Tim:Jane.)Howareyou(Tim:Fine.)I'dbeenwonderingwhenI'drun

intoyou.Haveyoubeenherelong

TIM

Iarrivedyesterday,onSunday.Howaboutyou

JANE

Igothereafewdaysago,onSaturday.No-waitaminute,what'stoday-Sorry

Friday,notSaturday.Q21

TIM

Butwedidn'thavetobeheretilltoday.

JANE

Yes,Iknow,butIwantedtogetmythingsmovedintomyroom,andjusttakea

lookaround.So,didyoudecidetodoEnglishintheend

TIM

No,Ichangedmymindandoptedforhistoryinstead.Andyou'redoingbiology,if

Iremembercorrectly.Q22

JANE

Yes,althoughtostartwithIcouldn'tdecidebetweenthatandgeography.

TIM

HowmuchreadinghaveyougotIwasgivenanamazinglylonglistofbooksto

read.See!

JANE

Wow,itdoeslookprettylong.

TIM

Well,Icounted57.Icouldhardlybelieveit!What'syourlistlikeQ23

JANE

Well,it'snotaslongasyours,butit'sstillprettybig.Thereare43.Idon'tknow

howI'mgoingtogetthroughthemall.Q24

TIM

Wellyoudon'thavetoreadthemallthisweek!Youjusthavetostayaheadof

thelecturesandseminars.Haveyougotyourclassscheduleyet

JANE

Yep.Itcamewiththereadinglist.When'syourfirstlecture

TIM

Tuesday.Howaboutyou

JANE

Thedayafter.It'smybusiestday;I'vegottwolecturesinthemorningandone

intheafternoon.Q25

JANE

It'sgoingtobedifferentfromschool,isn'tit!

TIM

Yeah,particularlythelectures.Haveyougotanyspecialstrategyforlisteningto

lectures

JANE

WellI'mgoingtouseacassetterecorderandrecordthemall.Q26

TIM

What!Areyouallowedto

JANE

Sure.Lotsofpeopledoitnowadays.Itmeansyoucanlistentothelecturesall

overagainlater,andmakereallygoodnotes.

TIM

Icouldn'tdothat.IliketotakenotesasI'mlistening.IusuallyfindIgetallthe

importantpoints.Readingisdifferentofcourse.Myapproachistoskimthebook

first

toseewhat'simportantandwhatisn't.Itsaveshoursoftime.

JANE

Butwhatifyoumisssomething

TIM

Youdon'tmeanyou'regoingtoreadeveryword,doyou

JANE

Well,that'swhatIusuallydo.

TIM

Well,that'suptoyou,butIthinkyou'recrazy!

JANE

What'syourfirstlectureon,anyway

TIM

Oh,it'salectureontheFrenchRevolution.Q28

JANETheFrenchRevolution!Howboring!

TIM

It'snotboringatall!Itwasanamazingperiodofhistory.Itchangedeverything

inEurope.Sowhat'syourfirstlectureabout

JANE

It'saboutanimalbehaviour.Itsoundsreallyinteresting.

TIM

Look,Iwasonmywaytothelibrary.I'mgoingtogetsomeofthesebooksout

andstartreadingforthefirstessayI'vegottowrite.

JANE

Andwhathaveyougottowriteabout

TIM

Well,you'llneverbelieveit,Ithinkourprofessormusthaveasenseofhumour.

He'sgivenusthetitle"Whystudyhistory"

Q29

JANE

That'sagoodone.Whenyoufindtheanswer,letmeknow!

TIM

I'mgoingtoenjoywritingit.Haveyoubeengivenanywritingassignmentsyet

JANE

Yes,I'vegottowriteaboutanimallanguage.Q30

TIM

Hmm!Thatsoundsachallenge.Isupposeyou'llbeofftothezootodofield

research.

SECTION4

LECTURER

WelcometofurthereducationInformationWeek.ThisisthePhysicalEducationFaculty'ssessionandI'mtheHeadoftheFaculty.Duringthecourseofthismorningwehopetogiveyouaclearideaofwhatweofferinourtrainingprogramsandwewilllookatthetypesofcoursesandtheentryrequirements,ifany,forthosecourses.Someofthesecoursesareopentoschoolleavers,butforsomeyouneedpreviousqualifications,orrelevantsuccessfulemployment.

Sofirstly,thePhysicalFitnessInstructor'scourseisofferedasasix-monthcertificate

coursewhichincludesanimportantcomponentofpersonalfitnessbuttherearenospecific

entryrequirements.Example

ForSportsAdministratorsweprovideafour-monthcertificatecourseQ31

butyoushouldbeawarethatthisisdesignedforthosewhoareinemployment.This

employmentmustbecurrentandrelatedtosportsadministration.Q32

FortheSportsPsychologistcourseweofferaone-yeardiplomacourse,Q33butthisdiplomacourseisavailableonlytothosewhoalreadyholdadegreeinpsychology,soyouneedtomakesureyouhavethatbeforeyouapplytodothiscourse.

Now...forPhysicalEducationTeachersweofferafour-yeardegreeineducation.Thisdegreecourseisdesignedforpreparingstudentstoteachinprimaryand

secondaryschoolsandneedsnopriorqualificationsasitisentereddirectlybyschoolleavers.Q34

AndlastlyfortheRecreationOfficer'scourseweofferasix-monthcertificate.Q35Entrytothiscoursenormallyincludesapplicantsofawiderangeofagesandexperiences,butwedonotinsistonanyprerequisitesforthiscourse.

Rememberthatthisisavocationaltraininginstitute.Wetrainyousothatyoucantake

upaparticularkindofjob.Soitisimportantthatyouknowthemainrolesofthejobs-

whattheworkislikeandwhatkindofqualitiesyouneedtosucceedatthem.

APhysicalFitnessInstructorworksinhealthandfitnesscentrespreparingQ36

individualprogramsforordinarymembersofthepublic.PhysicalFitnessInstructors

prepareroutinesofexercisestosuittheindividualclient'sageandleveloffitness.

SportsAdministratorsrunclubsandsportingassociations.Theirdutiesincludesuchthingsasbookingplayingfieldswithlocalcouncilsandorganisingthescheduleofgamesoreventsfortheclub,sotheyneedgoodorganisationalskills.Q37

SportsPsychologistsspendtimewithprofessionalathleteshelpingthemapproach

competitionwithapositivementalattitudetoenablethemtoachievetheirpersonalbest.Theydothisbyimprovingmotivationandconcentrationorassistingwithstressmanagement.Q38

PhysicalEducationorPETeachersinstructyoungstudentsinhowtoexercise,playsport,

anddootherrecreationalactivitiescorrectlyandsafely.PEteachershelpthedevelopmentofco-ordination,balance,posture,andflexibilitywiththingslikesimplecatchingandthrowingskills.Theyarenotexpectedtobeexpertsinallsports,butmustbeabletoshowstudentsthebasictechniquesinvolvedinawiderangeofactivities.Q39

RecreationOfficersoftenfindthemselvesworkingforlocalgovernmentauthoritiesandlocalgroups.Theiraimistoraisepeople'sawarenessofhealthylifestylesandimprovedgeneralfitnessthrougharrangingrecreationalactivitiesforgroupsofallagesfromtheveryyoungtotheelderly.Q40

Therearemanyotherjobopportunitieswhichourgraduatescanlookforwardto.Ifyou

areinterestedinanyofthese...

SECTION1

DIANE

Goodmorning.DianeDavies.CanIhelpyou

GAVIN

Yes,I'dliketogetsomeinsuranceforthecontentsofmyhome.

DIANE

Fine.Whendidyoumoveintothehouse

GAVIN

Acoupleofweeksago,andit'sanapartmentactually.Iwastoldbythe

landlordthatitwouldbeagoodideatogetsomeinsuranceforthefurnitureandother

personalpossessions.

Example

Repeal

DIANE

Fine.Well,let'sgetsomedetails.Whatkindofapartmentisit

GAVIN

It'satwo-bedroomapartment.

DIANE

Whatfloorisiton

GAVIN

Whydoyouneedtoknowthat

DIANE

Becauseitaffectsthecostoftheinsurance.Anapartmentonthegroundfloor

isn'tasprotectedasothersandthere'smorechanceofabreak-in.

GAVIN

ReallyIdidn'tknowthat.It'sonthethird,no,.

..secondfloorQ1

DIANE

Second...andhowmuchistherent

GAVIN

It's$615permonth.Q2

DIANE

Good,andwhereisitlocated

GAVIN

InBigginsSt,SouthHills.

DIANE

Isee.Andwhatthingsdidyouwanttoinsure

GAVIN

Well,whatdoyourecommend

DIANE

Well,themostimportantthingsarethosewhichyouwouldnormallyfindina

home.Thingslikethetelevision,fridgeandsoon.

GAVIN

Isee.Well,I'vegotafridgeandastereosystemwhichI'vejustboughtfroma

friend.

DIANE

AndhowmuchdidyoupayforthefridgeQ3

GAVIN

Er,$450.

DIANE

50OR15

GAVIN

50,andthestereosystemcost$1,150.Q4

DIANE

Haveyougotatelevision

GAVIN

Yes,butit'sveryoldandnotworthmuch.

DIANE

OK.Well,isthereanythingelseyouwanttoinsure

GAVIN

Yes,I'vegotacoupleofwatchesandmyCDsandbooks.

DIANE

Howmuchdoyouthinkthey'reworth

GAVIN

Thewatchesareworth$1,000...

DIANE

Forbothofthem

GAVIN

No,eachoneand,alltogether,theCDsandbookscostmeabout$400.Q5

DIANE

OK,sothevalueofeverythingyouwanttoinsureis$4,000.

GAVIN

Howmuchwilltheinsurancecost

DIANE

Letmesee,$4.000dividedby...plus10%...

right,sothiskindofinsurance,er,

that'sPrivateContentsinsurance,itcomesto$184.00foratwelve-monthperiod.Q6

GAVIN

$184.00.Well,thatsoundsprettygood.OK,I'lltakethatpolicy.

GAVIN

Can

Iarrangethepolicyoverthephone

DIANE

Sure,justletmegetthedetailsdown.Sothat'sMr.

..

GAVIN

GavinMurray,that'sM-U-R-R-A-Y.Q7

DIANE

Andtheaddressis

GAVIN

It's16CBigginsStreet,SouthHills.Qs8,9

DIANE

OK(writing)16CBigginsStreet,SouthHills

GAVIN

That'sright,it'stwowords,'SouthHills'.

DIANE

Andyourdateofbirthis

GAVIN

12November1980.

DIANE

Andyourcontactnumber

GAVIN

Homephonenumberis98724855.

DIANE

Right..

.ander,...you'reAustralian

GAVIN

No...IwasborninLondon,althoughmymotherisfromTasmania.Q10

DIANE

ReallyWhereabouts

GAVIN

Hobart.

DIANE

Ierestingplace.Now,areyouworkingatthemoment

GAVIN

No,I'mafull-timestudentatSydneyUniversity.

DIANE

Right,good.

SECTION

2

COLLEGE

PRESIDENT

Well,goodmorning,everyone,it'sgoodtoseeyouallhere.WelcometoSmithHouse.Smith

Houseasyoumayormaynotknowisoneoftheoldestresidentialcollegesoftheuniversity.Asyoucansee,thebuildingyou'reinnowwhichcontainsthismainlounge,thediningroom,the

recreationroom,thekitchenandtheofficeswaspartoftheoriginaloldhouse,builtinthe1840s

tobeusedbythefamilyofQ11GeorgeSmith.That'sofcoursehowthehouseandcollegegot

theirnames.Theoriginalhousewasconvertedinto,aresidentialcollegefortheuniversityin1940

andsincethenhascontinuedtobeaddedontoandmodernised.

You'llnoticewhenyoureceiveyourroomallocationinafewminutesthatyourroomnumber

eitherbeginswiththeletterN,S,orWlikethisonehere.Thefirstletterreferstothethreewings

ofthecollegeQ12whichcomeawayfromthismainbuilding.Ofcoursethelettersrepresentthe

threedirections-inthiscase-north,southandwest.Q13Eachwinghastwofloors,andsothe

nextnumberyouseeiseitherone,orinthiscasetwo,andthisindicateswhichflooryourroomis

on.Thenumberafterthatisyourindividualroomnumber.Q14Soit'squitesimpletofindany

roombygoingtotherightwing,thenfloor,andthenroomnumber.

You'llalsonotice,whenyoureceiveyourorientationpackshortly,thattherearetwo

keys.Oneisthekeytoyourroomandonlyyouhavethatkey-andtheotherisakeytothefrontdoorwhichyou'vejustcomethroughherefromthestreet.Thisdoorisclosedandlockedat8pmeverynightandopenedagainat7am.You'llneedyourkeyifyou'recoming

backtothecollegebetweenthosetimes.Q15Weaskallstudentstoalwaysenterand

leavethecollegethroughthefrontdoor.Youwillnoticeattheendofeachcorridorthat

thereisanotherdoorbutthesearefiredoorsandarekeptlockedfromtheoutside.They

shouldonlybeopenedfromtheinsideincaseofemergency.Q16

Inyourfeesyou'vepaidalaundryfeewhichcoversthecleaningofbedQ17

linenandtowels.AllbedlinenandtowelsareclearlyembossedwiththenameSmithHouse

soit'seasilyidentifiable.Ifyouwantyourotherlaundrytobedonebythecollegethiscan

bearrangedforasmallextrafee.

ThereareonlyafewruleshereatSmithHouseandwehavetheserulessothatwecan

alllivecomfortablytogether.Themostimportantruleisthattheremustbenonoiseafter

9pm.Thereisalsonosmokingintheroomsoranywhereinsidethecollegebutsmokingis

permittedonthebalconies.Q18

Allmealsareservedinthediningroom.Mealtimesarelistedinyourorientationpack.

PleasereadthesecarefullyasmealtimescannotbechangedQ19andifyouarrivelate

I'msorrytosayyou'lljustgohungry.

Ifyou'reunsureaboutthings,eachfloorhasanelected'floorsenior'whoisusuallya

studentintheirthirdorfourthyearofstudywho'sbeenatSmithHouseforawhile.The

floorseniorswillintroducethemselveslatertodayandansweranyquestionsQ20you

have.ButfornowI'mgoingtohandyouovertoMarneywhoisgoingtogiveyouthe

orientationpacksandkeys.ThanksMarney.

ECTION3

LYNNEThatessaywehavetowrite...theoneonhowchildrenlearnthroughthe

media...howareyouplanningtowriteit

ROBINWell,I'vegivenitsomethoughtandIthinkthatthebestwaytoapproachit

istodividetheessayintotwoparts.Firstofall,we'dhavetolookatsome

examplesofeachtypeofmedia...

LYNNEYes,whattheyare...thenwecoulddescribehowwecanuseeachmedium

sothatchildrencanlearnsomethingfromeachone.

ROBINExactly.Maybewecoulddrawupatableandlookatexamplesofeach

mediuminturn.Let'ssee,thedifferentformsofmediawouldbe...theprintmedia...

LYNNEHereyou'dhavethingslikebooksandnewspapers,Q21that

sortofthing...

ROBINUrn,andincludedinthesearethepictorialformsofprintmedia,like

maps...

LYNNEYes,mapsarereallyjustformalpictures,Q22aren'ttheyAndthenthereare

whatwecalltheaudioformsofmedia...wherechildrencanlisten.CDsandradiosare

probablythebestexamples,Q23becausealotofchildrenhaveaccesstothese

especiallyradious.

ROBINAndthiswouldleadintotheaudio-visualmedia,whichcanbeseenaswellas

heard...film,television...andwemustn'tforgetvideos.Q24

LYNNEYes,butthere'puters,thatmakeuptheso-

calledelectronicmedia.Q25IntheUniteKingdomandAustralia,theysaythatonein

threefamilieshasacomputernow.

ROBINYes,Ibelieveit.Wellthat'sagoodlisttostartwith...we'rereallygetting

somewherewiththisessaynow...solet'smoveontowheneachtypeofmediumcould

beused.Iguesswecouldstartbytryingtoidentifythebestsituationforeachtypeof

media.

LYNNEWhatdoyoumean

ROBINI'mtalkingaboutwhethereachmediumshouldbeusedwithdifferentsized

groups.Forexample,wecouldlookatpictures,andaskwhetherthey'remore

usefulforanindividualchild,afewchildrentogetherorafullclass-inthiscase,

I'dsaypicturesarebestwithindividualchildren,Examplebecause

theygivethemanopportunitytolettheirimaginationsrunwild.

LYNNEYes,Isee...

ROBINLet'staketapesnext.Althoughtapeslookidealforindividualchildren,Ifeel

they'rebestsuitedtosmallgroupwork.Q26Thisway,childrendon'tfeelisolated,

becausetheycangethelpfromtheirfriends.Computersarethesame...Ithinkthey're

betterwithsmallnumbersofchildrenQ27andthey'rehardlyeverusefulwitha

wholeclass.Videos,however,areidealforusewitheveryonepresentintheclass,Q28

especiallywhenchildrenhaveindividualactivitysheetstohelpthemfocustheirmindson

what'sinthevideo.

LYNNEAndwhataboutbooks,whatwouldyourecommendforthemBooksareideal

forchildrentousebythemselves.Q29Iknowthey'reusedwithgroupsinschools,but

Iwouldn'trecommendit.Otherpictorialmedialikemaps,though,aredifferent...I'd

alwaysplangroupworkaroundthose.Q30..givethechildrenachancetointeractandto

shareideas.

ROBINIagree...teachersoftenjustleavemapsonthewallforchildrentolookat

whentheyhavesomefreetime,butkidsreallyenjoyusingthemforproblemsolving.

LYNNEYes,differentpeoplehavedifferentideasIsuppose...

ROBINYes,anddifferentteachersrecommenddifferenttoolsfordifferentagegroups...

SECTION4

LECTURER

Ihopethatthisfirstsession,whichI'vecalledAnIntroductiontoBritishAgriculture,will

provideahelpfulbackgroundtothefarmvisitsyou'llbedoingnextweek.

IthinkIshouldstartbyemphasisingthatagriculturestillaccountsforaveryimportant

partofthiscountry'seconomy.WeareusedtohearingtheUK'ssocietyandeconomy

describedasbeing'industrial'oreven'post-industrial',butwemustn'tletthisblindusto

thefactthatagricultureanditssupportingindustriesstillaccountforaround20%ofour

GrossNationalProduct.

Thisfigureisespeciallyimpressive,Ithink,whenyoubearinmindhowverysmalla

percentageoftheUKworkforceisemployedinagriculture.Thisisnotarecent

development-youwouldhavetogobackto1750orsotofindamajorityoftheworkforce

inthiscountryworkinginagriculture:Bythemiddleofthenextcentury,in1850thatis,it

hadfallensharplyto10%,andthento3%bythemiddleofthetwentiethcentury.

Q31

Andnowjust2%oftheworkforcecontribute20%ofGNP.

Howisthisefficiency

achievedWell,myownviewisthatitowesagreatdealtoahistory,overthelast50or60years,ofintelligentsupportbythestate,mainlytakingtheformofhelpingfarmerstoplanahead.ThenthetwootherfactorsIshouldmention,bothveryimportant,arethehigh

leveloftrainingQ32amongsttheagriculturalworkforce.Andsecondly,therecognition

byfarmersofthevalueofinvestingintechnology.Q33

Now,althoughtheUKisafairlysmallcountry,thegeologyandclimatevaryagood

dealfromregiontoregion.Forourpurposestodaywecandividethecountrybroadlyinto

three-I'vemarkedthemonthemaphere(indicatesmap).

Theregionyou'llgettoknowbest,ofcourse,isthenorth,whereweareatpresent.

Thelandhereisgenerallyhilly,andthesoilsthin.Theclimateuphere,andyou'vealready

hadevidenceofthis,isgenerallycoolandwet.Q34

Asyouwillseenextweek,thetypical

farmhereintheNorthisasmall,family-runconcern,producingmainlywoolandtimberfor

themarket.

Q35

IfwecontrastthatwiththeEasternregion,overhere(indicatingonmap),theeastis

flatterandmorelow-lying,withfertilesoils

Q36

andamixedclimate.Averagefarm-size

ismuchbiggerintheeast,andfarmsarelikelytobemanagedstrictlyoncommerciallines.

Asforcrops,well,theeastistheUK'sgreatcereal-producingregion.However,increasingly

significantareasarenowalsogivenovertohighqualityvegetablesforsupplydirecttothe

supermarkets.

Q37

Thethirdbroadregionisthewest,whereit'sadifferentstoryagain.Theclimateis

warmerthaninthenorthandmuchwetterQ38

thanintheeast.Theresultingrichsoils

inthewestprovideexcellentpasture,andthefarmstherearequitelarge,typicallyaround

800hectares.

Q39Themainproductsaremilk,cheeseandmeat.

So,clearly,therearemarkeddifferencesbetweenregions.Butthisdoesnotprevent

quiteastrongsenseofsolidarityamongstthefarmingcommunityasawhole,rightacrossthecountry.Thissolidaritycomesinpartfromtheneedtopresentaunitedfrontindealing

withotherpowerfulinterest-groups,suchasgovernmentorthemedia.Italsoowes

somethingtothecloseco-operationbetweenalltheagriculturaltrainingcolleges,throughwhichthegreatmajorityoffarmerspassatthebeginningoftheircareers.AndathirdfactormakingforsolidarityisthenationalstructureoftheFarmers'Union,ofwhich

virtuallyallfarmersaremembers.

Q40

Finallyinthisshorttalk,Iwouldliketosayalittleaboutthechallengesfacingfarmersinthenext...

SECTION1

AExcuseme,I'msorrytobotheryou,butwouldyouhavetimetoanswerafew

questions

BWhat'sitabout

AWe'redoingsomemarketresearchforanewtelevisionchannelstartingintwoyears'time.

BOK,whynot

ALovely,we'lljustworkthroughthisform.Andifwecouldstartwithsomepersonalbackgroundinformation...

BSure.

ARight,ifIcouldjusthaveyourage...

B35.Example

ARight,great...

Repeat

Right,great.Andyourjob

Systemsanalyst,butfortheformIdon'tknowwhetheritwouldcountasprofessionalorbusinessorwhat.

Whatdoyouthink

AFine.AndwouldyoumindmyaskingaboutyoursalaryOrwecanleaveitblank.

BNo,Idon'tmind.It's￡40,000ayear.Q2

Thankyou.Right...aboutyourcurrentwatchinghabits...whatwouldyousayisyourmainreasonforwatchingTV

Well,atworkItendtoreadforinformationandwhathaveyou,soI'dsaythatwithTV

itprobablyjusthelpsmerelaxandunwind.Q3

AFine.AndhowmanyhoursadayonaveragedoyouwatchTVBNotalotreally...Ishouldsayjustoveranhour.Q4

SowhatarethetwomaintimesofthedaythatyouwatchTV

Well,alittlearoundbreakfasttimeandthenittendstobereallylate-elevenoreven

midnight-whenI'vefinishedwork.

Q5

Andwhatsortofprogrammesdoyougofor

SomenewsbulletinsbutIalsoreallyliketoputmyfeetupwithsomeoftheoldcomedyshows.

Fine.Andturningtothenewchannel...whichtypeofprogrammeswouldyouliketoseemoreof

Well,Icertainlydon'tthinkweneedanymorefactualprogrammeslikenewsand

documentaries.Ithinkweneedmoreaboutthingslikelocalinformation...youknow,

providingaserviceforthecommunity.Q6Andinthesamevein,perhapsmoreforyoungerviewers..youknow,goodqualitystuff.Q6

Ahha.Andifyouhadtogivethenewdirectorssomespecificadvicewhentheysetupthechannel,whatadvicewouldyougivethem

IthinkI'dadvisethemtopayalotofattentiontothequalityoftheactualbroadcast,you

know,thesoundsystem.Q7PeopleareveryfussythesedaysaboutthatandingeneralIthinktheyoughttodolotsmoreofthesekindsofinterview,youknow,talkingwiththeir

potentialcustomers.Q7

Oh,I'mgladyouthinkit'svaluable!

Certainly...yeah.

Good.OK,thiswillbeacommercialchannelofcourse,buthowoftendoyouthinkitistolerabletohaveadverts

BWelloutofthatlistI'dsayeveryquarterofanhour.Q81don'tthinkwecan

complainaboutthat,aslongastheydon'tlastfortenminuteseachtime!

Quite.And...wouldyoubewillingtoattendanyofourspecialpromotionsforthenewchannel

Yes,I'dbeveryhappyto,aslongasthey'reheldhereinmyarea.Q9

OK,I'llmakeanoteofthat.Andfinally,mayweputyouonourmailinglist

Well,I'dprefernot...exceptfortheinformationaboutthepromotionyoumentioned.Q10

CanIhaveyournameandaddress

Ofcourse...here'smycard.

Oh,lovely...andthankyouverymuchforyourtimeandwelookforwardtoseeing

you.

Yes,indeed.Urn,thanks.

SECTION2

ELIZABETHOK,well,goodmorningeverybody!Myname'sElizabethReedandI'myourAssistantWelfareOfficer.WhatI'dliketodonowistellyoualittlemoreaboutsomeoftheer...thesocialfacilitiesavailableonthecampus,andalsototellyousomethingabout

whatthetownhastooffer.

Asyouprobablyknowalready,theStudentUnionBuildingisthemaincentreofsociallife

here,asindeeditisinmostBritishUniversities.TheUnionrunsaweeklyprogrammeofeventsforalltastes...oheverythingfromdiscostotalksbyguestspeakers.Manyofthese

eventsarefundraisingactivitiesforcharities,QllwhichtheUniontakesvery

seriously.TheymanagetheStudents'Unionpapershop,sellingmagazinesand

newspapers,Q12aswellasstationery,sweetsandsoon.Um...Then...er,letmesee...

there'stheTicketShop,whereyoucangetsomeverygooddealson,wellforexample,

coachestoLondonorinexpensivecharterflights,ascheapasyou'llgetanywhereQ13

peoplesay,orticketsforbigpopgroupsplayinghereoratothervenuesalloverthe

country,orplaysinLondon-ohandwemustn'tforgettheUnionCafeteriaandtheBig

NewDiner...Q14Er...yesDidyouhaveaquestion

STUDENTYes,doestheUnionalsoprovidehelpwithanyproblems,Imeanadviceon

financialproblems,forexampleOrdoestheUniversityprovidethat

ELIZABETH:Yes,theUnionruntheirownadviceservice,offeringhelpwithfinancial

matterssuchasgrants.Q15Iamsureyourealiseanythingmedical

shouldbediscussedwiththeUniversityMedicalService,whichalsohasan

excellentcounsellingcentre.Ithinkthatwasmadeclearyesterday.HowevertheUnionhasitsownofficerwhocangiveadviceonlegal

problems.Q16

Now,ontoRadford.Foratownofitssize,Radfordhassome

unusuallygoodleisureandcommunityfacilitiesandhasquiteagood

shoppingcentre,withaninterestingrangeofshops.Asyougointo

Radford,there'sanew...well,quitenew...Olympic-sizeswimming

pool.That'sontheoutskirtsExampleataplacecalledRenton.Above

thepoolthere'sahi-techfitnesscentre.Q17Arethereanyice

skatershereNoOh,pity!Thefacilitiesforice-skatingareexcellent.Well,

thenewMetroTower,rightinthecentreoftownhasgotanicerinkQ18

andasportshallforsquash,badminton,volleyballandseveralother

indoorsports.Andinthesamebuildingthere'sanewcinemaQ19

withsixscreens.Er...then,letmesee,inthemainsquare,justtwo

minutes'walkfromtheMetroTower,there'stheTheatreRoyal,Q20

whichoftengetsLondonproductionsontour...andinthestreets

nearbyyoucanfindagoodrangeofinexpensiverestaurantsincluding

Indian,Chinese,Thaiand...

SECTION3

DRSIMON

ANDY

DRSIMON

JANE

DRSIMON

JANE

DRSIMON

OK,welcomebacktothenewterm.Hopeyou'vehadagoodbreakand

thatyou'relookingforwardtowritingyourdissertation...WhatI'dlike

todointhissessionisgiveyoutheopportunitytoaskquestionson

writingthedissertation...requirements,milestones...whotoseewhen

youneedhelp.It'sveryinformal...itmayallbewrittenonp