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艾灸調(diào)節(jié)消化性潰瘍大鼠腸道菌群失衡的作用機(jī)制研究摘要:本實(shí)驗(yàn)通過(guò)體外和體內(nèi)的方法探究艾灸對(duì)消化性潰瘍大鼠腸道菌群失衡的作用機(jī)制。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,在消化性潰瘍大鼠體內(nèi)應(yīng)用艾灸能夠顯著改善腸道菌群的種類(lèi)組成和相對(duì)豐度,增加有益菌群的數(shù)量,降低有害菌群的數(shù)量,使腸道菌群失衡狀態(tài)得以糾正。同時(shí),艾灸可通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)小腸黏膜-腸道菌群軸(Gut-BrainAxis)的信號(hào)傳遞通路,調(diào)控胃腸激素、神經(jīng)肽、神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)等物質(zhì)的釋放,從而調(diào)節(jié)腸道菌群失衡狀態(tài),發(fā)揮治療作用。本實(shí)驗(yàn)為深入探究艾灸治療消化性潰瘍的作用機(jī)制提供了新思路和實(shí)驗(yàn)依據(jù)。
關(guān)鍵詞:艾灸;消化性潰瘍;腸道菌群;失衡;Gut-BrainAxis
Abstract:Thisstudyexploredthemechanismofmoxibustiononregulatingtheimbalanceofintestinalflorainratswithpepticulcerthroughinvitroandinvivoexperiments.Theresultsshowedthattheapplicationofmoxibustioninratswithpepticulcercansignificantlyimprovethespeciescompositionandrelativeabundanceofintestinalflora,increasethenumberofbeneficialflora,reducethenumberofharmfulflora,andcorrecttheimbalanceofintestinalflora.Atthesametime,moxibustioncanregulatethereleaseofgastrointestinalhormones,neuropeptides,neurotransmitters,andothersubstancesbymodulatingthesignaltransductionpathwayofthesmallintestinemucosa-gut-brainaxis,therebyregulatingtheimbalanceofintestinalfloraandexertingtherapeuticeffects.Thisstudyprovidesnewideasandexperimentalevidenceforfurtherexploringthemechanismofmoxibustioninthetreatmentofpepticulcers.
Keywords:moxibustion;pepticulcer;intestinalflora;imbalance;Gut-BrainAxiPepticulcersareacommongastrointestinaldisorderthataffectsmillionsofpeopleworldwide.Thepathogenesisofpepticulcersinvolvesmultiplefactors,includingH.pyloriinfection,NSDsuse,stress,andgeneticsusceptibility.However,accumulatingevidencehassuggestedthatalterationsintheintestinalmicrobiotamayalsoplayapivotalroleinthedevelopmentandprogressionofpepticulcers.
Theintestinalmicrobiotaisacomplexecosystemconsistingoftrillionsofmicroorganisms,includingbacteria,archaea,fungi,andviruses.Itformsacrucialinterfacebetweenthehostandtheenvironment,andplayskeyrolesinnutrientmetabolism,immunemodulation,andbarrierfunctionmaintenance.However,disturbancesinthecompositionanddiversityoftheintestinalmicrobiota,alsoknownasdysbiosis,havebeenlinkedtoawiderangeofdiseases,includinginflammatoryboweldisease,obesity,diabetes,andcancer.
Inrecentyears,moxibustionhasemergedasapromisingcomplementarytherapyforgastrointestinaldisorders,includingpepticulcers.Moxibustioninvolvestheburningofdriedmugwortonornearspecificacupuncturepointsonthebody.Ithasbeenshowntostimulatethesecretionofvariousgastrointestinalhormones,neuropeptides,andneurotransmitters,whichcanmodulatethesignaltransductionpathwaysofthesmallintestinemucosa-gut-brainaxis.Moreover,moxibustionhasbeenreportedtoregulatethebalanceofintestinalfloraandimprovegastrointestinalsymptoms,suchasbloating,constipation,anddiarrhea.
Severalstudieshaveinvestigatedtheeffectsofmoxibustiononintestinalflorainanimalmodelsofpepticulcers.Forinstance,Wuetal.(2018)foundthatmoxibustiontreatmentcouldrestorethediversityandrichnessofintestinalmicrobiotainratswithindomethacin-inducedgastriculcers.Thiseffectwasattributedtothedownregulationofpro-inflammatorycytokines,suchasTNF-αandIL-6,andtheupregulationofanti-inflammatorycytokines,suchasIL-10andTGF-β.Similarly,Chenetal.(2020)reportedthatmoxibustionattheZhongwan(CV12)andTianshu(ST25)acupointscouldalleviateH.pylori-inducedgastricinflammationanddysbiosisinmice,byreducingtheabundanceofpathogenicbacteria,suchasHelicobacterandClostridium,andincreasingtheabundanceofbeneficialbacteria,suchasBifidobacteriumandLactobacillus.
Overall,thesefindingssuggestthatmoxibustionmayexertitstherapeuticeffectsonpepticulcersbyregulatingthegut-brainaxisandrestoringthebalanceofintestinalflora.However,furtherstudiesareneededtoelucidatetheprecisemechanismsunderlyingtheseeffects,andtooptimizethemoxibustionprotocolsfordifferentsubtypesofpepticulcersandpatientpopulationsInadditiontopepticulcers,moxibustionhasbeenstudiedforitspotentialtherapeuticeffectsinvariousothergastrointestinaldisorders,suchasirritablebowelsyndrome(IBS),inflammatoryboweldisease(IBD),andgastroesophagealrefluxdisease(GERD).
ForIBS,moxibustionhasbeenshowntoalleviatesymptomssuchasabdominalpain,bloating,andconstipation,andimprovequalityoflife.OnestudyfoundthatmoxibustioncombinedwithacupuncturewasmoreeffectivethaneithertreatmentaloneinreducingsymptomsandimprovingoverallIBSseverity.AnotherstudysuggestedthatthemechanismunderlyingthetherapeuticeffectsofmoxibustiononIBSmayinvolvemodulationofthegutmicrobiotaandimmunesystem.
Similarly,forIBD,moxibustionhasbeenshowntoreduceinflammationandimprovesymptomssuchasdiarrheaandrectalbleeding.Onestudyfoundthatmoxibustioncombinedwithconventionalmedicationwasmoreeffectivethanmedicationaloneinreducingdiseaseactivityandimprovingqualityoflifeinpatientswithulcerativecolitis.AnotherstudysuggestedthatthetherapeuticeffectsofmoxibustiononIBDmayinvolvemodulationofthegut-brainaxisandimmunesystem.
ForGERD,moxibustionhasbeenshowntoreducesymptomssuchasheartburn,acidregurgitation,andchestdiscomfort,andimproveesophagealfunction.OnestudyfoundthatmoxibustioncombinedwithprotonpumpinhibitorswasmoreeffectivethanmedicationaloneinreducingsymptomsandimprovingesophagealfunctioninpatientswithGERD.AnotherstudysuggestedthatthetherapeuticeffectsofmoxibustiononGERDmayinvolvemodulationofthegastricmotilityandacidsecretion,aswellasthegut-brainaxis.
Overall,thesestudiessuggestthatmoxibustionmaybeasafeandeffectivecomplementarytherapyforvariousgastrointestinaldisorders,andmayworkthroughmodulatingthegut-brainaxisandregulatingthegutmicrobiotaandimmunesystem.However,furtherstudiesareneededtoconfirmthesefindingsanddeterminetheoptimalmoxibustionprotocolsfordifferentgastrointestinaldisordersandpatientpopulationsInadditiontothegastrointestinaldisordersdiscussedabove,severalotherconditionsmaypotentiallybenefitfrommoxibustiontherapy.
Oneareaofresearchistheuseofmoxibustionforpainmanagement.Ithasbeensuggestedthatmoxibustionmayworkbyincreasingbloodflowandreducinginflammationintheaffectedarea,aswellasbystimulatingthereleaseofendorphins,whicharenaturalpain-relievingcompounds.Studieshavefoundmoxibustiontobeeffectiveinalleviatingpainfromconditionssuchasosteoarthritis,lowbackpain,andmenstrualcramps.
Moxibustionmayalsobeusefulinmanagingcertainrespiratoryconditions,suchaschronicobstructivepulmonarydisease(COPD).Inonestudy,moxibustionwasfoundtoimprovepulmonaryfunctionandreducesymptomsinpatientswithmoderatetosevereCOPD.
Thereisalsosomeevidencetosuggestthatmoxibustionmayhavearoleinmanagingmentalhealthconditions.Forexample,asystematicreviewofseventrialsfoundthatmoxibustionwaseffectiveinred
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