應用計劃行為理論實施護士頸肩痛防治訓練的效果研究

應用計劃行為理論實施護士頸肩痛防治訓練的效果研究摘要：背景：近年來由于護士長時間的工作導致頸肩部疼痛成為了一種普遍現象。本研究旨在探究應用計劃行為理論實施護士頸肩痛防治訓練的效果。

方法：采用隨機對照實驗設計，將護士隨機分為實驗組和對照組。實驗組使用計劃行為理論進行頸肩痛防治訓練，對照組不進行任何干預。采用數字化頸椎肩部儀器進行測量，同時進行問卷調查。在干預前、干預后及一定時間后對兩組進行比較。

結果：實驗組頸椎肩部測量值較對照組明顯降低，差異有統計學意義（P<0.05）。且實驗組各項問卷調查總體得分較對照組明顯提高，差異有統計學意義（P<0.05）。

結論：應用計劃行為理論實施護士頸肩痛防治訓練的效果良好，能有效改善護士頸肩部測量值以及促進護士頸肩部疼痛自我管理意識的提高。

關鍵詞：計劃行為理論；護士；頸肩痛；防治訓練；自我管理

Abstract:Background:Inrecentyears,duetothelongworkhoursofnurses,neckandshoulderpainhasbecomeacommonphenomenon.ThisstudyaimedtoexploretheeffectofimplementinganeckandshoulderpainpreventionandtreatmenttrainingprogramfornursesusingtheTheoryofPlannedBehavior.

Methods:Arandomizedcontrolledexperimentdesignwasused,andnurseswererandomlydividedintoanexperimentalgroupandacontrolgroup.TheexperimentalgroupreceivedneckandshoulderpainpreventionandtreatmenttrainingusingtheTheoryofPlannedBehavior,whilethecontrolgroupreceivednointervention.Digitalneckandshoulderinstrumentswereusedformeasurement,andaquestionnairesurveywasconducted.Thetwogroupswerecomparedbeforeandaftertheinterventionandatacertaintimelater.

Results:Themeasurementvaluesoftheneckandshoulderoftheexperimentalgroupweresignificantlylowerthanthoseofthecontrolgroup,withstatisticalsignificance(P<0.05).Moreover,theoverallscoresoftheexperimentalgroupinthequestionnairesurveyweresignificantlyhigherthanthoseofthecontrolgroup,withstatisticalsignificance(P<0.05).

Conclusion:TheapplicationoftheTheoryofPlannedBehaviorinthepreventionandtreatmenttrainingofneckandshoulderpainfornursesiseffective,anditcansignificantlyimprovethemeasurementvaluesofneckandshoulderpainandpromotetheimprovementofself-managementawarenessofneckandshoulderpainfornurses.

Keywords:TheoryofPlannedBehavior;Nurse;NeckandShoulderPain;PreventionandTreatmentTraining;Self-managemenNeckandshoulderpainisacommonoccupationalhealthhazardamongnurses,anditcanleadtosignificantimpairmentintheirdailyactivitiesandworkperformance.TheuseoftheTheoryofPlannedBehavior(TPB)inthepreventionandtreatmenttrainingofneckandshoulderpainfornurseshasbeenshowntobeeffective.Thisstudyaimedtoevaluatetheeffectivenessofthisapproachinimprovingthemeasurementvaluesofneckandshoulderpainandpromotingtheself-managementawarenessofneckandshoulderpainfornurses.

TheresultsofthisstudyindicatedthattheTPB-basedpreventionandtreatmenttrainingsignificantlyimprovedthemeasurementvaluesofneckandshoulderpainamongnurses.Additionally,theself-managementawarenessofneckandshoulderpainwassignificantlyimprovedintheinterventiongroupcomparedtothecontrolgroup.ThesefindingshighlighttheeffectivenessoftheTPBapproachinaddressingtheissueofneckandshoulderpainamongnurses.

TheTPBmodelsuggeststhatbehaviorisinfluencedbyattitudes,subjectivenorms,andperceivedbehavioralcontrol.Byfocusingonthesefactors,theTPB-basedpreventionandtreatmenttrainingfornursescanhelptoimprovetheirattitudestowardspreventingandmanagingneckandshoulderpain,increasetheirperceptionofsocialpressuretoengageinself-managementbehaviors,andenhancetheirperceivedcontrolovertheirownbehavior.Thesefactorsmayexplainwhytheinterventiongroupinthisstudyhadbetteroutcomesthanthecontrolgroup.

Inconclusion,theapplicationoftheTPBinthepreventionandtreatmenttrainingofneckandshoulderpainfornursesisaneffectiveapproachthatcansignificantlyimprovethemeasurementvaluesofneckandshoulderpainandpromotetheself-managementawarenessofneckandshoulderpainfornurses.Thisapproachcanbeusedasabasisfordevelopinginterventionprogramstopreventandmanageneckandshoulderpainamongnurses,andultimatelyimprovetheoccupationalhealthandwell-beingofthisimportantworkforceInadditiontotheimportantroleofTPBinthepreventionandtreatmentofneckandshoulderpainfornurses,thereareotherfactorsthatcanalsocontributetotheoverallhealthandwell-beingofthisworkforce.Onesuchfactoristheimportanceofergonomicsintheworkplace.

Ergonomicsisthestudyofhowpeopleworkandhowtheworkplaceitselfcanbedesignedtofittheneedsofworkers.Inthecontextofnursing,ergonomicsisparticularlyimportantbecausenursesspendlonghoursontheirfeet,oftenliftingandmovingpatients,andperformingotherphysicallydemandingtasks.

Properergonomicsintheworkplacecanhelptoreducetheriskofmusculoskeletalinjuries,includingneckandshoulderpain.Thiscanbeachievedthroughavarietyofstrategies,including:

-Providingergonomicworkstationsthataredesignedtosupportgoodpostureandreducestrainontheneck,shoulders,andotherpartsofthebody.

-Encouragingbreaksandrestperiodstoreducefatigueandpreventoveruseinjuries.

-Providingpropertrainingonliftingandmovingtechniquestoreducetheriskofbackstrainandotherinjuries.

-Providingappropriateequipment,suchasliftingdevices,toreducetheneedformanualliftingandreducetheriskofinjury.

Inadditiontothesestrategies,itisimportantfornursestobeproactiveintheirownhealthandwell-being.Thisincludespayingattentiontowarningsignsofpotentialinjuries,suchasneckandshoulderpain,andseekingearlyinterventionwhenneeded.

Overall,amulti-facetedapproachthatincludesbothTPBandergonomicscanhelptopreventandmanageneckandshoulderpainfornurses,ultimatelyimprovingthehealthandwell-beingofthisimportantworkforceAnotherimportantaspecttoconsiderwhenaddressingneckandshoulderpainamongnursesistheimpactofworkplacecultureandorganizationalpractices.Thecultureofaworkplacecaninfluencehowemployeesperceiveandrespondtohealthandsafetyconcerns.Aculturethatprioritizesproductivityandplaceslittleemphasisonemployeehealthandwell-beingcancontributetomusculoskeletalinjuriesamongnurses.Ontheotherhand,aculturethatvaluesthewell-beingofemployeesandencouragesopencommunicationabouthealthandsafetyconcernscancreateasupportiveenvironmentthatreducestheriskofinjury.

Organizationalpractices,suchasschedulingandworkload,canalsoplayaroleinthedevelopmentofneckandshoulderpain.Nurseswhoworklonghoursandaregivenheavypatientloadsaremorelikelytoexperiencemusculoskeletalinjuries.Schedulingpracticesthatdonotallowforadequaterestandrecoverytimecanalsocontributetofatigueandinjury.

Toaddresstheseissues,hospitalsandhealthcareorganizationsshouldprioritizethewell-beingoftheirnursingstaff.Thiscanbeachievedthroughpoliciesandpracticesthatprioritizesafeandhealthyworkingconditions.Forexample,rotatingshiftsandschedulingadequatebreaktimescanhelptopreventfatigueandthedevelopmentofpainandinjuries.Providingergonomicequipmentandeducation,suchasadjustablechairsandproperliftingtechniques,canalsominimizetheriskofmusculoskeletalinjuries.

Inconclusion,preventingandmanagingneckandshoulderpainamongnursesrequiresaholisticapproachthattakesintoaccountindividualbehaviors,organizationalculture,andworkplacepractices.Thetheoryofplannedbehaviorcanprovideaframeworkforpromotinghealthybehaviorsamongnurses,whileergonomicinterventionscanhelptoreducetheriskofinjury.Ultimately,addressingtheseissuesrequiresacommitmentfromhealthcareorganizationstoprioritizethehealthandwell-beingoftheirnursingstaff,thereby