自動(dòng)化英文介紹

Automation

Automationoverviewofthemachineordeviceintheabsenceofinterventionproceduresorinstructionsrequiredautomaticoperationorcontroloftheprocess,itsobjectiveis"steady,accurate,quick."Automationtechnologyiswidelyusedinindustry,agriculture,military,scientificresearch,transportation,business,health,services,andthefamily.Notonlycanautomatedtechnologyfromheavymanuallabor,partofthementalandthepooranddangerousworkingenvironmentfreed,butalsotoexpandpeople'sorganfunction,significantlyraisinglaborproductivity,andadvancinghumanunderstandingoftheworldandtheabilitytochangetheworld.Therefore,theautomationofindustrial,agricultural,nationaldefenseandscienceandtechnologyanimportantconditionforthemodernizationandsignificantsigns.

Thedevelopmentofautomationin1946,theUnitedStatesFordmechanicalengineerDSHudsonwasfirstputforwardthe"automatic"thetermusedtodescribetheenginecylinderandautomatictransmissionandprocessingprocess.50's,automaticregulatorandthedevelopmentofclassicalcontroltheorytoautomateaccesstoasinglevariableautomaticcontrolsystembasedpartialautomationstage.60's,withtheemergenceofmoderncontroltheoryandthewideapplicationofcomputer,automaticcontrolandinformationprocessing,andensurethattheproductionprocessautomationintotheoptimalcontrolandmanagementofintegratedautomationstage.70's,automationbecomestheobjectoflarge-scale,complexprojectsandnon-engineeringsystems,moderncontroltheoryinvolvesmanydifficultproblems.Researchontheseissues,topromotetheautomationofthetheories,methodsandmeansofinnovation,therewasalargecomplexsystem,systemcontrolandintelligentcontrolsystems,therehasbeencomprehensiveutilizationofcomputer,communicationstechnology,systemsengineeringandartificialintelligenceandotherhigh-levelresultsautomationsystems,suchasflexiblemanufacturingsystems,officeautomation,intelligentrobots,expertsystems,decisionsupportsystems,computerintegratedmanufacturingsystems.Theemergenceofautomaticdevicesandapplicationsareinthe18centuriesago.Ancienthumanlong-termproductionandlife,inordertoreducetheirownlabor,hastheeffectofpowerinsteadofusingnaturalhumananimal,andtheuseofautomaticdevicestoreplacepartsofhumanintellectualactivityinvoluteddesire,afteralongtimeandtheexplorationoftheirunrelatedtoZaochusomeoftheoriginalautomaticdevices.AncientChinaGuidecarandwatchthe17thcenturyoccurredinEuropeandwindmillcontroldevice,althoughtheinventionisunrelated,buttheformationofautomationtechnologyhasplayedaleadingrole.

Automationtechnologyinthe18thcenturyduringtheformationof20century30s.1788J.Watt'sinventionoftheBritishengineerscentrifugalgovernor(alsoknownasflyballgovernor),andputitwiththesteamenginevalveconnectedtoformaclosed-loopsteamenginespeedcontrolsystem.Watt'sinventionusheredinthemoderneraofautomaticadjustmentdeviceapplications,onthefirstindustrialrevolutionandthesubsequentdevelopmentofcontroltheory,haveamajorimpact.Peoplebegantouseautomaticadjustmentdevice,todealwiththeindustrialproductionofthecontrolproblem.Someoftheseregulatorsaredevicesthattrackthegivenvalue,sothatsomephysicalquantitiesremaininthevicinityofagivenvalue.AutomaticRegulatorsintheautomationtechnologymarksanewhistoricalperiod.Ofthe20thcentury,iswidelyusedinindustrialproductionofvariousauto-adjustingdeviceforadjustingthesystemofanalysisandsynthesisofresearch.Althoughthisperiodintheautomaticregulatorfeedbackcontrolhasbeenwidelyappliedinthestructure,butintheorytheprincipleoffeedbackcontrolis20yearsfromthebeginningofthe20thcentury.1833,BritishmathematicianC.Babbageinthedesignofmachinefirstproposedtheprincipleofprocesscontrol.939systemandcontroltheworld'sfirstprofessionalresearchinstitutionestablishedinthe20thcenturytheformationofclassicalcontroltheory40yearsandmadeatheoreticaldevelopmentoflocalautomationandorganizationalpreparation.

40to50yearsofthe20thcenturyisthepartialautomationoftheformationduringtheWorldWarIIclassiccontroltheoryispartialautomationofthepost-wardevelopmenthasplayedanimportantroleinpromoting.Formedinthecourseoftheproblemofclassicalcontroltheory,thedesignofasophisticatedautomaticadjustmentdevice,creatingasystemandcontrolthisnewfieldofscience.ThisnewdisciplinewascalledservotheoryintheUnitedStates,theSovietUnionknownastheautomaticadjustmenttheory,mainlytoresolvethesingle-variablecontrolproblem.Classicalcontroltheory,thenamewasthe1960JointAutomaticControlatthefirstmeetingofthenationputforward.Asthewarin1945afterthepublicationbanlifted,therehasbeensystematicallyexpoundedtheworksofclassicalcontroltheory.1945,AmericanmathematicianWiener,N.Theconceptofthefeedbackcontrolsystemextendedtoall.50yearslater,classicalcontroltheoryhasmanynewdevelopments..MethodofclassicalcontroltheorycanbasicallymeettheneedsofmilitarytechnologyduringWorldWarIIandthepost-warindustrialdevelopmentneeds.Butbythelate50sfoundthattheclassicalcontroltheoryisextendedtomultivariablesystemscometothewrongconclusion.Classicalcontroltheoryapproachhasitslimitations.

40yearsinthe20thcenturyinventedtheelectronicdigitalcomputertocreateaneweraofdigitalprogramcontrol,whileitwaslimitedtoautomaticcalculation,butthesuccessofENIACandEDVACmanufacturing,creatinganeweraofelectronicdigitalprogramcontrol.Theinventionofelectronicdigitalcomputersforthe60to70yearsinthecontrolsystemlogiciswidelyusedinprocesscontrolandextensiveapplicationofelectronicdigitalcomputercontrolanddirectcontrolofproductionbasis.Sincethelate20thcentury,since50isacomprehensiveautomationperiod,therapiddevelopmentofspacetechnologyduringthisperiod,theurgentneedtoaddressthemulti-variableoptimalcontrolproblem.Thuswasbornthemoderncontroltheory.Moderncontroltheoryfortheformationanddevelopmentofintegratedautomationandlaidatheoreticalfoundation.Atthesametimeanewbreakthroughinmicroelectronicstechnology.Transistorcomputerin1958,appearedin1965ICcomputerappeared,in1971andsingle-chipmicroprocessor.Theemergenceofmicroprocessorcontroltechnologyhadamajorimpact,controlengineerscaneasilyusetoachievethecomplexmicroprocessorcontroltointegratedautomationareality.

"Automation(Automation)"isanAmericanDSHarderin1936,heproposedthatinaproductionprocess,thetransferofpartsbetweenmachinesdonothavepeopletocarryisthe"automation."Theconceptofautomationisadynamicprocessofdevelopment.Inthepast,people'sunderstandingoftheautomationorautomatedmechanicalactionfunctionalgoalistoreplacethehumanoperator,automaticallycompleteaparticularjob.Thisisessentiallyautomaticinsteadofmanualhumanpointofview.Later,withtheelectronicsandinformationtechnology,especiallywiththeemergenceofthecomputer,andextensiveapplicationoftheconceptofautomationhasbeenextendedfortheuseofmachinery(includingcomputers)insteadofpeoplenotonlyphysicalbutalsomentalreplaceorassisttoautomaticallycompleteaspecificjob.Today,theconceptseemstoautomationisnotperfect.Goaloftheautomatedfunctionsasmachinesreplacehumanmanualormentallaborisrelativelynarrowunderstanding.Thisisunderstandableandeventosomeextenthinderedthedevelopmentofautomationtechnology,forexample,somepeoplebelievethatChina'spopulation,engageinnogreatneedforautomation.Today,automationhasfarexceededthetraditionalconceptwithamorebroadandprofoundmeanings.

Automationofgeneralizedcontentincludeatleastthefollowing:intheformofmanufacturingautomationhasthreemeanings:toreplacehumanmanuallabor,toreplaceorassistpeoplemental,man-machinemanufacturingsystemsandsystem-widecoordination,management,controlandoptimization.Function,theautomationofmanualormentalworkinsteadofpeopleisonlypartoftheobjectivesystemautomation.Automationfeaturesanumberofobjectives,hasformedanorganicsystem.Inthescopeofmanufacturingautomationisnotonlyrelatedtothespecificmanufacturingprocess,butalltheprocessesinvolvedintheproductlifecycle.Automationisadynamicconcept,hasaverybroadanddeepcontent.ManufacturingAutomationTechnologycurrentlyveryactive

Trendsofmodernproductionandthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,automationtechnologybecomesmoreandmoredemands,butalsoforinnovativeautomationtechnologytoprovidethenecessaryconditions.After70years,begantoautomatecomplexsystemcontrolandadvancedthedevelopmentofintelligentcontrol,andwidelyusedinnationaldefense,scientificandeconomicfields,toachievegreaterautomation,suchaslargeenterpriseintegratedautomationsystem,thenationalrailwayautomaticschedulingsystem,thenationalgridautomaticschedulingsystem,airtrafficcontrolsystems,urbantrafficcontrolsystems,automatedcommandsystem,nationaleconomicmanagementsystem.Theapplicationofautomationinthefieldofengineeringextendedtonon-engineeringfields,suchasmedicalautomation,populationcontrol,economicmanagementandautomation.Automationwillbegreaterimitationofhumanintelligence,robotshavebeenintheindustry,oceandevelopmentandspaceexplorationandotherapplicationfields,expertsystemsinmedicaldiagnosis,geologicalexplorationandachievedremarkableresults.Factoryautomation,officeautomation,homeautomationandagriculturalautomationwillbecomeanimportantpartofthenewtechnologicalrevolutionandrapiddevelopment.

ElectricalAutomationElectricalEngineeringandAutomationoftentaclesallwalksoflifetoasingleswitchdesign,largespaceflightresearch,hasitsshadow.Theprofessionalelectricalengineeringstudentstoengagewiththesystemoperation,automaticcontrol,powerelectronicstechnology,informationprocessing,testingtechnology,developed,economicmanagement,andapplicationofelectronicandcomputertechnologyworkinthefieldiswidecaliber"compound"Highengineeringandtechnicalpersonnel.Thehighleveloftalentonthefieldofhighdemand.Itisestimatedthat,withtheentryoflargeforeigncompaniesinthisspecializedfieldwillbebiggapsarelikelytooccurwhenpersonnelshortage.

ElectricalEngineeringandAutomationistheelectricfieldofinformationanewsubject,butbecausepeople'sdailylivesandindustrialproductioniscloselyrelatedtothedevelopmentofveryfast,isnowrelativelymature.Hasbecomeanimportantpartofhigh-techindustryiswidelyusedinindustry,agriculture,nationaldefenseandotherfields,inthenationaleconomyisplayinganincreasinglyimportantrole.Controltheoryandelectricalpowernetworktheoryisthebasisofengineeringandautomation,powerelectronicstechnology,computertechnologyisitsmaintechnicalmeans,butalsoincludessystemanalysis,systemdesign,systemdevelopmentandsystemmanagementanddecision-makingresearch.Somefeaturesoftheprofessionisthecombinationofstrongandweakpower,thecombinationofelectricandelectronictechnology,softwareandhardwarecombinedwithacross-disciplinarynature,power,electronics,control,computer,multidisciplinary,sothatgraduateshaveastrongabilitytoadaptisthe"Bore"professional.

ElectricalEngineeringandAutomationofthemajorityofcandidateshaveastrongappeal,arepopularprofessional,CollegeEntranceExaminationisoftenmuchhigherthanotherprofessionaldirection,themainreasonforthissituationare:①easyjob,goodworkingenvironment,incomehigh;②namesoundsgood,professionalcontentattractivetostudents;socialadvocacyandpublicopinioninitsfavor.Directionoftheprofessionhasaverygooddevelopmentprospectsofresearchresultsmoreeasilyconvertedintorealproducts,butalsoasignificanteconomicreturns.Hiscreativeresearchideasattractedmanycandidates,therereallyisagoodplacetoshowcasetheirtalents.However,giventhecurrentformofdomestic,candidatesapplyingtosittheprofessionalshouldnotethefollowingpointswhen:(1)givefullconsiderationtotheirinterests.Maybenothisnaturalinterestinthisdirection,butmanypeoplesayisgood,thenhimself,"interested"inthe.Thislaterdevelopmentisveryharmfultotheinterest,afterall,isthebestteacher.(2)tomeasuretheiroverallquality.Electricalengineeringandautomationrequiresasolidmathematical,physicalbasis,stronglanguageintegratedcapabilitiesforthefuturetomasterprofessionalknowledgeandflexibilityinpreparation.Thedemandforprofessionaltalentdirectionalthoughlarge,buttherearemanyoptionsforpeople,ifnottheoverallqualityisverystrong,verydifficulttostandoutamongthecrowd,andachievedoutstandingsuccess.Perhapsthisloftyambitionformanycandidatesisnotacceptable.

Ofcourse,thetwopointsmentionedhereandalsothefeasibilityofindividualstudentstopursue,andifapersonseekingonlyabetterjob,theprofessionisindeedagoodchoice.However,ifyouwanttomakeabreakthroughintechnologicalinnovationcontributionistoestablishapersonalstrengthandhardworkbasedonthepieisneverwithoutreasonfromheaven.Astheprofessionalresearchawiderangeofapplicationprospectsgood,professionalqualitygraduatesisrelativelyhigh,theemploymentsituationisverygood.Ourcountryisnowagreatneedfortheprofessionaldirectionoftalent,afamilyofsmalltobigtothewholecommunitycannotdowithouttheseprofessionalswork.Typically,graduatescanchoosethequalityandtechnicalsupervisionofstatedepartments,researchinstitutes,industrialandminingenterprises;alsosomeforeigninvestment,privatesector,thetreatmentcourseisconsiderable.Ifthestudentabilityisstrongenough,theyaccumulatedduringtheirstudiesbetterresearch,canownbusiness,breakapieceoftheskyoftheirown.Benotedthat,duetothedirectionofforeignprofessionalsintheresearchshouldbeaheadofus,soifyouwanttodevelopfurtherandestablishitselfinthedirectionofnationalleadership,studyabroadisagoodchoice.

ElectricalEngineeringandAutomationisascience,engineering,integratingtext,financialengineering,artandcomputerdesigninoneofthenewcross-disciplinaryexpertise.Maindisciplinesincludingelectricalengineering,computerscienceandtechnology,ControlScienceandEngineering.Thisprofessionalproductioninthe70's,firstatOxfordUniversityinEngland,forthefirsttimethatthedirectcurrentcontrolmode,thentheimplementationofcomponentsofthedrivevoltageisaDCcontrolvoltageisDC,theautomatedsystemworksisverysimpleroughaccuracyislow.ButtheDCcontrolmodebecauseofitslonghistoryhasbeenwellknown,peoplenaturallythinkofcommunicationwithDCtocontroltheactuator.Withthetransistor,powertransistor,FETandotherelectronicdevicespowertheemergenceandmaturity,andtheestablishmentofthepresenceofthetheory,modernmathematics,matrixalgebraforthetheoreticalbasisofweakelectriccontrolsystemismorepowerfultechnologyandautomationofelectronicreachedanewhistoricalheight.Thus,theprofessionhasbeenextensivedevelopmentinJapan,theUnitedStates,Britainandothercountries,universitieshavealsosetuptheprofession,theresultsalsointhisperiodandmany,suchasthecompletionofCNCmachinetools,workshopplantcontrolworkhasisanewsubject.Electronictechnologyandautomation,computercombination,ElectronicEngineeringandAutomationgivesawholenewmeaning.Unmannedsystemsimplifiedstructureisreasonable,plugandplaytypeofproducttobecomethenewdarling.

Early(1949-1966)manyofouruniversitieshaveestablishedtheprofession,themainpracticeteachinglinksincludecircuitsandelectronictechnologyexperiment,theelectronictechnologypractice,curriculumdesign,metalworking,manufacturingpracticeandgraduationdesign,andmanyofthenationalcultureoftalents.Whohasbecometheindustryexperts,locatedinChina'smanyprovincesandcitiesasthebackbone."CulturalRevolution"period,duetopoliticalinfluence,thecountry'sinstitutionsofhigherlearninghavetostoptheenrollment,theprofessionhadbeengreatlyaffected,firstteacherwasdenounced,wassimplynotexistintheschool,onlytostopenrollment.Butevenso,manyteachersdidnotstoptheresearch.Theyknowthatelectricalengineeringandautomationmodernizationofourcountryplayanimportantrole,therefore,duringthisperioddidnotgiveupontheprofessionalresearchandexploration.

Afterreformandopeningup,underthecorrectleadershipoftheCPCCentralCommittee,theUniversityresumedrecruitment,theprofessionalhasdeveloped,manyuniversitieshaveestablishedtheprofession,andoneafteranotherenrollmenteachyearandtrainedalargenumberofhigh-leveltalentedpeople,includingthebachelor,Dellectuals,especiallynow,professionalenrollment,theenrollmentcapacityoftheprofessionisrising.Althoughthedevelopmentofourcountryinthisregardhasnotstoodontheforefrontoftheworld,butwithChina'soverallnationalstrength,theincreaseinforeignexchanges,wehavegraduallynarrowedthegapwiththedevelopedcountries.Representativeis:300000000000timespersecondthecomputersuccessfullydeveloped;nano-technologytomaster;simulationtechnology.Oneshouldnotbeignoredinfrontofus:howtomeetthechallengesofthenewtechnologicalrevolution?Aftertheprofessionalworkofteachersandstudents,theelectricalengineeringandautomationopenup,dividedintothe"Proceedings"and"electronicinformationengineering",coveringtheoriginal"insulationtechnology","Electricalinsulationandcable","Electricmotorsandcontrol","ElectricalEngineeringandAutomation,""useofelectronictechnology"and"LightandLighting",andseveralotherprofessionaldirection.With"highvoltageandinsulationtechnology","ElectricMachinesandElectric","PowerElectronicsandPowerDrives",and"TheoryandNewTechnology","highvoltageandinsulationtechnology,"Ph.D.direction.Andindustrialproductdesign,basedonapplicationofcomputermodeling,design,implementation,productstructure,properties,processing,shapeandotherdesignandoptimization.Theprofessionaltrainingneededtoadapttosociety,bothbasedonsolidscienceandtechnology,thereareartisticinnovationandtechnicalpersonnel,seniorcomplex.Theprofessionalemphasisonstudentsforeignlanguages,computerapplications,productmodeling,design,andpracticalworktoachievegraphicdesign,three-dimensionaldesign,productdesign,comprehensiveintelligence.Thegraduatescanbeengagedinindustrialproductdesign,computerapplications,visualcommunicationdesign,environmentaldesign,advertisingcreative,corporateimageplanning,etc.teaching,research,production,developmentandmanagement.Includecircuittheory,basicelectronics,electricmachinery,powerelectronics,powerdragandcontrol,computertechnology(languages,softwarebased,hardwarebased,microcontroller,etc.),signalsandsystems,controltheoryandsoon.HighSchoolisalsobasedonsocialneedtolearnflexibility,adaptability,widecoverageofspecializedcoursesandprofessionalelective.Butalsoformotorandcontrolexperiments,experimentalelectronicengineeringsystems,powerelectronicsexperiments.

Allalong,ourcountryintheCIMS,automation,roboticsproducts,ASIC,etc.,hasmadesubstantialprogress.Forexample:"Computer-basedIntegratedCAPPenvironmentapplicationframeworkanddevelopmentplatform"developedtoprocessknowledgeasthecore,aninteractivedesignmodel-basedintegratedintelligentCAPPdevelopmentplatformandapplicationframework(CAPPFramework),introductionofgoldleafCAPP,CAPPandotherproductswiththeparties.Withthesupportprocessmodelinganddynamicknowledgeofknowledgeacquisition,varioustypesofprocessdesignandinformationmanagement,producttechnologyinformationsharing,supportfeature-basedinnovationintotheprocessofdecision-makingcapabilities,andprovideprocessknowledgebasemanagement,processdefinitionformatcardapplicationsupporttoolsandsecondarydevelopmenttools.Systemopenness,andeasytoexpandandmaintain.Productshavebeenthecountry'senterprises,especiallyenterprisesCIMSdemonstrationprojecttopromotetheapplicationofautomaticcontroldevicesandhasdevelopedproducts,IRphotoelectricprotectiondevice,highpower,high-qualityswitchingpowersupplydevelopment.Robotproductsincludingmobilegantryautomaticsprayingmachine,electricsprayingrobot,flexibleprofilingautomaticsprayingmachine,reciprocatingspraymachines,automaticcoatingrobot,robotframe,handlingrobot,arcweldingRobot.Developmentandapplicationoftheseproductsformorethanjustelectricalengineeringandautomationintheproductionofaside,doesnotadequatelyreflectthewholepicture.Theimpactofforeignadvancedtechnology,fromanewroundoftechnologyinallaspectsofrestruc