2018傳熱傳質(zhì)學(xué)年會集

埋地油管泄漏對池火輻射及激光檢測影1，吉2，*1，兵1，1（1東北石油大學(xué)土木建筑，黑龍江大慶163318；2東北石油大學(xué)電子科學(xué)學(xué)院，黑龍江大慶163318） : 理是光譜檢測技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)?；谟嬎懔黧w力學(xué)求解多孔介質(zhì)內(nèi)多相流擴散Thomas模型和Influenceofburiedoilpipelineleakageonpoolfireradiationandlaserdetection（1SchoolofCivilEngineeringandArchitectureNortheastPetroleumUniversity,Daqing163318, 2SchoolofElectronicScienceNortheastPetroleumUniversity,Daqing163318, (*Correspondingauthor :l :Surfacediffusioncharacteristicparametersofburiedoilpipelineleakageareabasisforcalculationofpoolfireheatradiationfluxanddeterminationofsafetydistance,laserpathtransmissionofsurfaceoilfilmisatheoryfundamentalforoilpipelineleakagedetectionusingspectroscopy.Themultiphaseflowdiffusionequationinporousmediawassolvedbasedoncomputationalfluiddynamics.Thenumericalsimulationofleakageanddiffusionunderdifferentsoilporosityandsurfacefeaturewascarriedoutbycouplingthesoilandatmosphereenvironmentwiththegrounddiffusionfluxofoil.ThepropertiesofpoolfireradiationwereyzedbyadoptingThomasmodelandMudanmodel.Therefractionandreflectionlawsoflaserpathtransmissionforoil-gasinterfacewereinvestigatedbyusingTraceProopticssoftware.Theresultsshowthatthesoilporosityhasagreateffectonsurfaceoildiffusiondiameter,whenthesoilporosityislarger,theheatradiationfluxofpoolfireishigherandthesafetydistanceisfurther.Whentheoilpoolonabruptsurface,thesafetydistanceforpoolfireheatradiationisshorterthanthatisonflatsurfaceandsubsidingsurface.Whentheoilfilmthicknessislessthan2mm,thelaserbeamcannottransmitoilfilm,andthereceivingintensityisprovidedonlybythemirrorreflectionofoil-airinterface.Andtheessenceoflaserdetectionsurfaceoilistodetectthevolatilealkenesgasabovetheoilfilmbasedonabsorption:numericalsimulation;leakageanddiffusion;heatradiation;reflectiveoptical管道輸送占我國四大油氣進口能源通道的3/4，已成為我國能源供給的重要保裂及自然等原因?qū)е滦孤┦鹿暑l發(fā)[2-3]。泄漏油污滲流擴散破壞土壤生態(tài)平衡，運移泄漏原油的地面擴散特征是池火熱輻射安全距離定量分析及泄漏污染物激光檢測（D）模擬研究，7等人建立了地輸油道泄漏維模型，研了不同漏孔徑泄8利用UNT911CFD方法對埋地輸油管道泄漏進行數(shù)值模擬，獲取不同土壤孔隙率及地11.25m5cm，位于管道的空陡空陡坡地平坦地坑洼地1.25m?5cm泄漏0.5m管土

1Fig.1Physical

m

oouowwuwaaua

mudivuupdiv(gradu)gmuC1uu

n m mm 22mmmnkg/m·s；o、w和a為油相、水相和氣相的粘度，kg/m·s0.25mm，粘性阻力系數(shù)為1.35×1010，慣性阻力系數(shù)131250。泄漏口設(shè)置為速度，初始泄漏速度取1m/s[12]840kg/m30.048kg/m·sm/s2k-ε模型湍流模型及VOF1為各計算工況設(shè)置1Table1Calculation編1234562為本文與文獻[1220s時原油在土壤中擴散情形對比。原油43不同土壤孔隙率時油品擴散特Fig.3Dispersioncharacteristicsofoilunderdifferentsoilporosity(a)0.2;(b)0.4;(c)3可以看出，埋地輸油管道發(fā)生泄漏時，一方面初始動能驅(qū)動原油向上運移，4所示。VolumeVolume

Oilfilm0 Horizontal

HorizontalFig.4(a)Diameterofsurfaceoilpoolunderdifferentsoilporosity;(b)Diameterofsurfaceoilpoolunderdifferentsoilporosity0.6時，地面油膜呈現(xiàn)中間厚，兩側(cè)薄，這是由于初始動能較大，泄漏口正上方地面65不同地表形態(tài)時油品擴散特Fig.5Dispersioncharacteristicsofoilunderdifferentsurfacefeature(a)abruptsurface;(b)flatsurface;(c)subsidingsurface6所示。100VolumeVolume

350陡坡地陡坡地坑洼地陡坡地坑洼地Oilfilm 1901100 Horizontalposition/

Horizontalpoisition/6(a)不同地表形貌時地表油池直徑；(b)不同地表形貌時地表油膜厚度Fig.6(a)Diameterofsurfaceoilpoolunderdifferentsurfacefeatureb)Diameterofsurfaceoilpoolunder7.2m和7mThomas模型[14]：

42 agD其中，h為火焰高度，m；D為油池擴散直徑，m；mf為原油燃燒速率，0.0781kg·m-2·s-1；ρa為空氣密度，1.29kg·m-3；g為重力加速度，9.8m·s-2。0.25πD2Hm c0.25πD2

qE10.058lnR

D 距離，m；Fv為視角因子，可采用工程簡化模型Fv=1.1432R 2所示。2不同泄漏工況時油池火焰特Table2Flamecharacteristicsofoilpoolunderdifferentleakage123456根據(jù)式（5）5m50m的7所示。距油池中心越遠(yuǎn)，目標(biāo)接收輻射強度越小，與文獻[16]池火熱輻射通量變化趨勢一致。池火表面對熱輻射通量為4kW·m-2時，無防護36090HeatradiationHeatradiationHeatradiation60203000 20 Distance DFig.7Heatradiationintensityatdifferentdistancestooilpoolcenter(a)conditionsofdifferentsoil壤孔隙率0.29m，而土壤孔隙率為0.40.6時，25m24m。上述分析Fig.8Optical-pathdiagramofleakagepollutantsdetectionbyI=Is+Im+Itexp2arccosd()C

Im和激光穿過泄漏污染物介質(zhì)層被粗糙地表TracePro1000mW,選取位于原油次甲團的彎曲振動吸收峰所在波長6.85μm，原油特定波長下的9所示。陡坡地坑洼地100 100ReceivingReceivingReceivingReceiving 10Horizontalpoisition/

10Horizontalpoisition/ Fig.9Receivingintensityforlaserdetectionsurfaceoil(a)conditionsofdifferentleakagevelocity;(b)conditionsofdifferentsurfacefeature1

110

00 100Laser0Laser00 0

0 0 1 1 2Oilfilmthickness/m

CaCalculatedbyFresnel'sformuSimulatedbyTraceP-Oilfilmangle/°圖10油膜透過率隨厚度變化關(guān) 圖11反射光強的理論值與模擬值對

Fig.11Comparisonbetweentheoreticalandsimulatedvalueofreflectionintensitysin1=

1sin2- tan2-+R 1 12+

222sin1+2 tan1+222Is

根據(jù)上式計算不同入射角原油-空氣界面的激光反射強度，并對比TracePro模擬結(jié)果，如圖11所示。反射光強隨入射角變化趨勢與文獻[19]結(jié)果一致，且菲涅爾計算TracePro0.19%，說明油膜介質(zhì)層中的后向散射光強及油膜底部上述分析結(jié)果表明，式（3）ImIt在激光檢測埋地管道泄漏地表原油過程中均為因此當(dāng)原油厚度超過2mm時，直接運用吸收光譜法檢測地表泄漏污染物的理論依據(jù)不4結(jié)嚴(yán)琳,趙云峰,,等.全球油氣管道分布現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢[J].油氣儲YUXC,LIANGW,ZHANGLB,etal.Riskassessmentofthemaintenanceprocessforonshoreoilandgastransmissionpipelinesunderuncertainty[J].ReliabilityEngineering&SystemSafety,2018,177,50-67.劉曉燕劉揚孫建剛賈永英.輸油管道運行優(yōu)化研究[J工程熱物理學(xué)報SalatiS,RuitenbeekFJA,SmethJB,etal.SpectralandgeochemicalcharacterizationofonshorehydrocarbonseepinducedaltionintheDezfulembayment,southwestIran[J].AAPGBulletin,2014,98(9):1837-1857.,邢學(xué)文,,等.祁連山凍土帶天然氣水合物遙感探測數(shù)據(jù)分析與評價[J].,38(2):222- (S1):111-姚志強.埋地原油管道油品泄漏擴散三維數(shù)值模擬[J].中國安全生產(chǎn)科學(xué)技術(shù),11(6):132-陸強,廖光煊,,.油池火中霧卷吸現(xiàn)象的研究[J].工程熱物理學(xué)報,2005,趙大林,,田亮,等.汽油儲罐火災(zāi)燃燒特性的實驗研究[J].工程熱物理學(xué)報高雪利,馬貴陽.埋地輸油管道泄漏滲流數(shù)值模擬[J].遼寧石油化工大學(xué)學(xué)報31(2):20-HuL,LiuS,XuY,etal.Awindtunnelex