高鉆英語(yǔ)2016講義艷麗

2016年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀綜合內(nèi)部講義（一3%， 202401（二）考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解A部分命題六大特性解1、詞匯考查的多樣1：Theworldisgoingthroughthebiggestwaveofmergersandacquisitionseverwitnessed.TheprocesssweepshyperactiveAmericatoEuropeandreachestheemergingcountrieswithunsurpassedmight.Manyinthesecountriesarelookingatthisprocessandworrying:“Won’tthewaveofbusinessconcentrationturnintoan petitive2：TheSupremeCourt'sdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarryimportantimplicationsforhowmedicineseeksrelievedyingpatientsofpainand3：Inrecentyears,railroadshavebeencombiningwitheachother,mergingintosupersystems,causingheightenedconcernsaboutmonopoly.Asrecentlyas1995,thetopfourrailroadsaccountedforunder70percentofthetotalton-movedbyrails.Nextyear,afteraseriesofmergersiscompleted,justfourrailroadswillcontrolwellover90percentofallthefreightmovedbymajorrailcarriers.2、難句考查的復(fù)雜1：Researchlinkssoaringincidenceofthemysteriousneurologicaldisordertofetalandinfantexposuretopesticides,es,householdchemicals2Nowrace,thefoundationforthelong-promisedfully-electriccarrevolutionappearstobefallingintoce.3、選項(xiàng)設(shè)置的規(guī)律性+4、干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置的迷惑例1：Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmay eadriving.WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.Itsscientistsweretheworld’sbest,itsworkersthemostskilled.AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.(2000年)TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarIIbecause ithadmadepainstakingeffortstowardsthisitsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthanthewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmostpotentialtheunparalleledsizeofitsworkhadgivenanimpetustoits2：ItwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricherJustasinevitablytheretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainfulBythemid-1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingindustrialcompetitivenessSomehugeAmericanindustries,suchasconsumerelectronics,hadshrunkorvanishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.By1987therewasonlyoneAmericanevisionmakerleft,Zenith.(Nowthereisnone:ZenithwasboughtbySouthKorea’sLGElectronicsinJuly.)Foreign-madecarsandtextilesweresweeintothedomesticmarket.America’smachine-toolindustrywasontheropesForawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadinventedandwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobethenextcasualty.（2000年）ThelossofU.S.predominanceintheworldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedinthefactthattheAmerican TVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomesticsemiconductorindustryhadbeentakenoverbyforeignmachine-toolindustryhadcollapsedaftersuicidalautoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomestic5、文章來(lái)源的穩(wěn)定、Mosttravelersarethemigrantworkerswhoconstitutethebackboneof'sproductionmight.Comingfromimpoverishedwesternregionsofthecountry,theystartedtoflocktorichercoastaltownsinsearchofworkaftertheeconomicreformsofthelate1970s,oftenleavingfamiliesandchildrenbehind.、willfighttocontrolinflationandcrackdownonpropertyspeculatorsintheyearahead,3）TheplightofmentallychallengedindenturedlaborersistriggeringconcernsacrosstheInflationisfarlessofathreatthanadeepeningrecession,notleastbecausetheweakesteuro-zoneeconomiesarealsotheonesmostdependentonimportedenergy.ThisweekObamainkedabillthatrestoreshisadministration'spowertoimposetariffsonnationslikeand6、考點(diǎn)設(shè)置的重復(fù)性例1：Americanstodaydon’tceaveryhighvalueoninlect.Ourheroesareathletes,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgefortheofknowledge.Symptomsofpervasiveanti-inlectualisminourschoolsaren’tdifficulttofind.（2004年36.WhatdoAmericanparentsexpecttheirchildrentoacquireinThehabitofthinking [C]PracticalabilitiesforfutureProfoundknowledgeofthe [D]Theconfidenceininlectual2：BruceAlberts,addedthiskeypointintheprefacetothepanel’sreport:“Scienceneverhasalltheanswers.Butsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture,anditiscriticalthatournationandtheworldbasepoliciesonthebestjudgmentsthatsciencecanprovideconcerningthefutureconsequencesofpresentactions.”（2005年AccordingtoBruceAlberts,sciencecanserveas a [B]a [C]a [D]a例3：Fortunay,theWhiteHouseisstartingtopayattention.Butit’sobviousthatamajorityofthe’sadvisersstilldon’ttakeglobalwarmingseriously.Insteadofanofaction,theycontinuetopressformoreresearch—aclassiccase“paralysisbyysis”.（2005年Whatdoestheauthormeanby“paralysisbyysis”(Lastline,paragraphEndlessstudieskill [C]PrudentnninghindersCarefulinvestigationreveals [D]Extensiveresearchhelpsdecision-4：Inspiteof“endlesstalkofdifference”,AmericansocietyisanamazingmachineforhomogenizingTheword“homogenizing”(Line2,Paragraph1)mostprobablymeans [B] [C] [D]2016年考研英語(yǔ)高分基礎(chǔ)閱讀部分之二內(nèi)部做題方法演示與操練

實(shí)戰(zhàn)演Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmay eadriving.WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.Itsscientistsweretheworld’sbest,itsworkersthemostskilled.AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.Itwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.Justasinevitably,theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.Bythemid-1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingindustrialcompetitiveness.SomehugeAmericanindustries,suchasconsumerelectronics,hadshrunkorvanishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.By1987therewasonlyoneAmericanevisionmakerleft,Zenith.(Nowthereisnone:ZenithwasboughtbySouthKorea’sLGElectronicsinJuly.)Foreign-madecarsandtextilesweresweeintothedomesticmarket.America’smachine-toolindustrywasontheropes.Forawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadinventedandwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobethenextcasualty.Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.Americansstoppedtakingprosperityforgranted.Theybegantobelievethattheirwayofngbusinesswasfailing,andthattheir eswouldthereforeshortlybegintofallaswell.Themid-1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmerica’sindustrialdecline.Theirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfromoverseas.Howthingshavechanged!In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfiveyearsofsolidgrowthwhileJapanhasbeenstruggling.FewAmericansattributethissolelytosuchobviouscausesasadevalueddollarortheturningofthebusinesscycle.Self-doubthasyieldedtoblindpride.“Americanindustryhaschangeditsstructure,hasgoneonadiet,haslearnttobemorequick-witted,”accordingtoRichardCavanagh,executivedeanofHarvard’sKennedySchoolofernment.“ItmakesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehowourbusinessesareimprovingtheirproductivity,”saysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute,athink-inWashington,DC.AndWilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievesthatpeoplewilllookbackonthisperiodas“agoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates.”TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarIIbecause ithadmadepainstakingeffortstowardsthisitsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthanthewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmostpotentialtheunparalleledsizeofitsworkhadgivenanimpetustoitsThelossofU.S.predominanceintheworldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedinthefactthattheAmerican TVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomesticsemiconductorindustryhadbeentakenoverbyforeignmachine-toolindustryhadcollapsedaftersuicidalautoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomesticWhatcanbeinferredfromtheItishumannaturetoshiftbetweenself-doubtandblindIntensecompetitionmaycontributetoeconomicTherevivaloftheeconomydependsoninternationalAlonghistoryofsuccessmaypavethewayforfurtherTheauthorseemstobelievetherevivaloftheU.S.economyinthe1990scanbeattributedtothe turningofthebusinessrestructuringofimprovedbusinesssuccessin以史為鑒剖析深挖考點(diǎn)探索規(guī)律戰(zhàn)無(wú)不ExampleThis,inbrief,iswhattheFuturistsays:foracentury,pastconditionsoflifehavebeenconditionallyspeedingup,tillnowweliveinaworldofnoiseandandspeed.Consequently,ourfeelings,thoughtsandemotionshaveundergoneacorrespondingchange.Thisspeedingupoflife,saystheFuturist,requiresanewformofexpression.Wemustspeedupourlituretoo,ifwewanttointerpretmodernstress.Futuristsclaimthatwemust increasetheproductionofliusepoetrytorelievemoderndevelopnewmodesofavoidusingadjectivesandExampleWhataccountsforthegreatoutburstofmajorinventionsinearlyAmerica—breakthroughssuchastheegraph,theboatandtheweavingmachine?Amongthemanyshafactors,Iwouldsingleoutthecountry’sexcellentelementaryschools；alaborthat thenewtechnology;thepracticeofgivingpremiumstoinventors;andabovealltheAmericangeniusfornonverbal,“spatial”thinkingaboutthingstechnological.Accordingtotheauthor,thegreatoutburstofmajorinventionsinearlyAmericawasinalargepartdueto elementaryenthusiastic

theattractivepremiumaspecialwayofExampleWhenIdecidedtoquitmyfulltimeemploymentitneveroccurredtomethatImight eapartofanewinternationaltrend.Alalmovethathurtmyprideandblockedmyprofessionalprogresspromptedmetoabandonmyrelativelyhighprofilecareeralthough,inthemannerofadisgracedernmentminister,Icoveredmyexitbyclaiming"Iwantedtospendmoretimewithmyfamily".WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoparagraphFull-timeemploymentisanewinternationalThewriterwascompelledbycircumstancestoleaveher"Alalmove"meansstepoutoffull-timeThewriterwasonlytooeagertospendmoretimewithherExampleDuringthemiddleofthe19thcenturyGermany,alongwithotherEuropeannations,experiencedanunprecedentedrashofworkcedeathsandaccidentsasaresultofgrowingindustrialization.MotivatedinpartbyChristiancompassion(憐憫)forthehelplessaswellasapracticalpoliticalimpulsetoundercutthesupportofthesocialistlabormovement.ChancellorBismarckcreatedtheworld'sfirstworkers'compensationlawin1884.Theworld'sfirstworkers'compensationlawwasintroducedbyBismarck forfearoflosingthesupportofthesocialistlaboroutofreligiousandpoliticaltospeedupthepaceoftomakeindustrialproductionWelearnfromthepassagethattheprocessofindustrializationinEurope metgrowingfromlaborersworkingatresultedinthedevelopmentofpopularsocialinsurance paniedbyanincreasednumberofworkshoprequiredworkerstobeawareofthepotentialdangersattheworkExampleWhymentiontheelementaryschools?Becausethankstotheseschoolsourearlymechanics,especiallyintheNewEnglandandMiddleAtlanticstates,weregenerallyliteandathomeinarithmeticandinsomeaspectsofgeometryandtrigonometry.AcuteforeignobserversrelatedAmericanadaptivenessandinventivenesstothiseducationaladvantage.AsamemberofaBritishcommissionvisitingherein1853reported,“Withamindpreparedbythoroughschooldiscipline,theAmericanboydevelopsrapidlyintotheskilledworkman.”ItisimpliedthatadaptivenessandinventivenessoftheearlyAmericanmechanics benefitedalotfromtheirmathematicalshedlightondisciplinedschoolwasbroughtaboutbyprivilegedhomeowedalottothetechnologicalExampleTechnically,anysubstanceotherthanfoodthataltersourbodilyormentalfunctioningisadrug.Manypeoplemistakenlybelievethetermdrugrefersonlytosomesortofmedicineoranillegalchemicaltakenbydrugaddicts.Theydon’trealizethatfamiliarsubstancessuchasalcoholandtobaccoarealsodrugs.Thisiswhythemoreneutraltermsubstanceisnowusedbymanyphysiciansandpsychologists.Thephrase“substanceabuse”isoftenusedinsteadof“drugabuse”tomakeclearthatsubstancessuchasalcoholandtobaccocanbejustasharmfullymisusedasande.“Substanceabuse”(Line5,Paragraph1)ispreferableto“drugabuse”inthat substancescanalterourbodilyormentalfunctioningifillegally“drugabuse”isonlyrelatedtoalimitednumberofdrugalcoholandtobaccoareasfatalasandmanysubstancesotherthanorecanalsobeExampleTheSupremeCourt’sdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarryimportantimplicationsforhowmedicineseekstorelievedyingpatientsofpainandsuffering.Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicide,theCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof“doubleeffect,”acenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects--agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseen--ispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegoodeffect.Doctorshaveusedthatprincipleinrecentyearstojustifyusinghighdosesofmorphinetocontrolterminallyillpatients’pain,eventhoughincreasingdosageswilleventuallykillthepatient.Fromthefirstthreeparagraphs,welearnthat doctorsusedtoincreasedrugdosagestocontroltheirpatients’itisstillillegalfordoctorstohelpthedyingendtheirtheSupremeCourtstronglyopposesphysician-assistedpatientshavenoconstitutionalrighttocommitWhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtotheDoctorswillbeheldguiltyiftheyrisktheirpatients’ModernmedicinehasassistedterminallyillpatientsinpainlessTheCourtruledthathigh-dosagepain-relievingmedicationcanbeAdoctor’smedicationisnolongerjustifiedbyhisExampleTheresearchersstudiedthebehavioroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-natured,co-operativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodreadily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan’sandDr.deWaal’sstudy.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswerecedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbehaviourbecamemarkedlydifferent.Femalecapuchinmonkeyswerechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausetheyare moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyattentivetoresearchers’niceinbothappearanceandmoregenerousthantheirmale Weliveinasocietyinwhichthemedicinalandsocialuseofsubstances(drugs)ispervasive:anaspirintoquietaheadache,somewinetobesociable,coffeetogetgoinginthemorning,acigaretteforthenerves.Whendothesesociallyacceptableandapparentlyconstructiveusesofasubstance emisuses?Firstofall,mostsubstancestakeninexcesswillproducenegativeeffectssuchaspoisoningorintenseperceptualdistortions.Repeateduseofasubstancecanalsoleadtophysicaladdictionorsubstancedependence.Dependenceismarkedfirstbyanincreasedtolerance,withmoreandmoreofthesubstancerequiredtoproducethedesiredeffect,andthenbytheappearanceofunpleasantwithdrawalsymptomswhenthesubstanceisdis.Theword“pervasive”(Line1,Paragraph2)mightmean

Physicaldependenceoncertainsubstancesresultsfrom uncontrolledconsumptionofthemoverlongperiodsofexclusiveuseofthemforsocialtativeapplicationofthemtothetreatmentofcarelessemploymentofthemforunpleasantExampleDrugs(substances)thataffectthecentralnervoussystemandalterperception,mood,andbehaviorareknownaspsychoactivesubstances.Psychoactivesubstancesarecommonlygroupedaccordingtowhethertheyarestimulants,depressants,orhallucinogens.Stimulantsinitiallyspeeduporactivatethecentralnervoussystem,whereasdepressantsslowitdown.Hallucinogenshavetheirprimaryeffectonperception,distortingandalteringitinavarietyofwaysincludingproducinghallucinations.Thesearethesubstancesoftencalledpsychedelic(fromtheGreekwordmeaning“mind-manifesting”)becausetheyseemedtoradicallyalterone’sstateofconsciousness.(97text3)Fromthisparagraphwecaninferthat stimulantsfunctionpositivelyonthehallucinogensareinthemselvesharmfultodepressantsaretheworsttypeofpsychoactivethethreetypesofpsychoactivesubstancesarecommonlyusedinExampleInrecentyears,railroadshavebeencombiningwitheachother,mergingintosupersystems,causingheightenedconcernsaboutmonopoly.Asrecentlyas1995,thetopfourrailroadsaccountedforunder70percentofthetotalton-movedbyrails.Nextyear,afteraseriesofmergersiscompleted,justfourrailroadswillcontrolwellover90percentofallthefreightmovedbymajorrailcarriers.Supportersofthenewsupersystemsarguethatthesemergerswillallowforsubstantialcostreductionsandbettercoordinatedservice.Anythreatofmonopoly,theyargue,isremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.Butmanyshipperscominthatforheavybulkcommoditiestravelinglongdistances,suchascoal,chemicals,andgrain,truckingistoocostlyandtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat.Accordingtothosewhosupportmergers,railwaymonopolyisunlikelybecause costreductionisbasedonoutsidecompetitorswillcontinuetoservicescallforcross-tradeshipperswillhavetherailwaybytheExampleThevastconsolidationwithintherailindustrymeansthatmostshippersareservedbyonlyonerail.Railroadstypicallychargesuch“captive”shippers20to30percentmorethantheydowhenanotherrailroadiscompetingforthebusiness.Shipperswhofeeltheyarebeingoverchargedhavetherighttoappealtothefederalernment’sSurfaceTransportationBoardforraterelief,buttheprocessisexpensive,timeconsuming,andwillworkonlyintrulyextremecases.Itcanbeinferredfromthisparagraphthat shipperswillbechargedlesswithoutarivaltherewillsoonbeonlyonerailroadoverchargedshippersareunlikelytoappealforrateaernmentboardensuresfairyinrailwayExampleRailroadsjustifyratediscriminationagainstcaptiveshippersonthegroundsthatinthelongrunitreduceseveryone’sIfrailroadschargedallcustomersthesameaveragerate,theyargue,shipperswhohavetheoptionofswitchingtotrucksorotherformsoftransportationwoulddoso,leavingremainingcustomerstoshoulderthecostofkeeuptheline.It’satheorytowhichmanyeconomistssubscribe,butinpracticeitoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingwhichcompaniesflourishandwhichwillfail.“Dowereallywantrailroadstobethearbitersofwhowinsandwholosesinthemarketce?”asksMartinBercovici,aWashingtonlawyerwhofrequentlyrepresentsshipper.Theword“arbiters”(line7,paragraph4)mostprobablyreferstothose whoworkas [C]whosupervisewhofunctionas [D]whodeterminetheExampleItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing,inCanadainevitableandinCaliforniaoptional.Smallwonder.Americans’lifeexpectancyhasnearlydoubledoverthepastcentury.Failinghipscanbereced,clinicaldepressioncontrolled,cataractsremovedina30-minutessurgicalprocedure.SuchadvancesoffertheagingpopulationaqualityoflifethatwasunimaginablewhenIenteredmedicine50yearsago.Butnotevenagreathealth-caresystemcancuredeath--andourfailuretoconfrontthatrealitynowthreatensthisgreatnessofours.Whatisimpliedinthefirst[A]Americansarebetterpreparedfordeaththanother[B]Americansenjoyahigherlifequalitythanever[C]Americansareover-confidentoftheirmedical[D]AmericanstakeavainprideintheirlonglifeExampleDeathisnormal;wearegeneticallyprogrammedtodisintegrateandperish,evenunderidealconditions.Weallunderstandthatatsomelevel,yetasmedicalconsumerswetreatdeathasaproblemtobesolved.Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforus,evenifit’suseless.Themostobviousexampleislate-stagecancercare.Physicians--frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinthepatient--toooftenofferaggressivetreatmentfarbeyondwhatisscientificallyjustified.Theauthorusestheexampleofcancerpatientstoshowthat medicalresourcesareoften [C]sometreatmentsaretoodoctorsarehelplessagainstfatal [D]medicalcosts ingExampleYettherearelimitstowhatasocietycanspendinthispursuit.Asaphysician,Iknowthemostcostlyanddramaticmeasuresmaybeineffectiveandpainful.IalsoknowthatpeopleinJapanandSweden,countriesthatspendfarlessonmedicalcare,haveachievedlonger,healthierlivesthanwehave.Asanation,wemaybeoverfundingthequestforunlikelycureswhileunder-fundingresearchonhumblertherapiesthatcouldimprovepeople’slives.IncontrastotheU.S.,JapanandSwedenarefundingtheirmedicalcare more [C]moremore [D]moreExampleAhistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmay eadriving.WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.Itsscientistsweretheworld’sbest,itsworkersthemostskilled.AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.Itwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.Justasinevitably,theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.Bythemid-1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingindustrialcompetitiveness.SomehugeAmericanindustries,suchasconsumerelectronics,hadshrunkorvanishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.By1987therewasonlyoneAmericanevisionmakerleft,Zenith.(Nowthereisnone:ZenithwasboughtbySouthKorea’sLGElectronicsinJuly.)Foreign-madecarsandtextilesweresweeintothedomesticmarket.America’smachine-toolindustrywasontheropes.Forawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadinventedandwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobethenextcasualty.Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.Americansstoppedtakingprosperityforgranted.Theybegantobelievethattheirwayofngbusinesswasfailing,andthattheir eswouldthereforeshortlybegintofallaswell.Themid-1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmerica’sindustrialdecline.Theirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfromoverseas.TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarIIbecause ithadmadepainstakingeffortstowardsthisitsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthanthewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmostpotentialtheunparalleledsizeofitsworkhadgivenanimpetustoitsThelossofU.S.predominanceintheworldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedinthefactthattheAmerican TVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomesticsemiconductorindustryhadbeentakenoverbyforeignmachine-toolindustryhadcollapsedaftersuicidalautoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomesticExampleHowthingshavechanged!In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfiveyearsofsolidgrowthwhileJapanhasbeenstruggling.FewAmericansattributethissolelytosuchobviouscausesasadevalueddollarortheturningofthebusinesscycle.Self-doubthasyieldedtoblindpride.“Americanindustryhaschangeditsstructure,hasgoneonadiet,haslearnttobemorequick-witted,”accordingtoRichardCavanagh,executivedeanofHarvard’sKennedySchoolofernment.“ItmakesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehowourbusinessesareimprovingtheirproductivity,”saysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute,athink-inWashington,DC.AndWilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievesthatpeoplewilllookbackonthisperiodas“agoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates.”TheauthorseemstobelievetherevivaloftheU.S.economyinthe1990scanbeattributedtothe turningofthebusinessrestructuringof

improvedbusinesssuccessinExampleAimlessnesshashardlybeentypicalofthepostwarJapanwhoseproductivityandsocialharmonyaretheenvyoftheUnitedStatesandEurope.ButincreasinglytheJapaneseareseeingadeclineofthetraditionalwork-moralvalues.Tenyearsagoyoungpeoplewerehardworkingandsawtheirjobsastheirprimaryreasonforbeing,butnowJapanhaslargelyfulfilleditseconomicneeds,andyoungpeopledon’tknowwheretheyshouldgonext.IntheWesterner’seyes,thepostwarJapanwas underaimless [C]arivaltotheapositive [D]ontheExampleThecomingofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemale-dominatedjobmarkethavelimitedtheopportunitiesofteenagerswhoarealreadyquestioningtheheavyalsacrificesinvolvedinclimbingJapan’srigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs.Inarecentsurvey,itwasfoundthatonly24.5percentofJapanesestudentswerefullysatisfiedwithschoollife,comparedwith67.2percentofstudentsintheUnitedStates.Inaddition,farmoreJapaneseworkersexpresseddissatisfactionwiththeirjobsthandidtheircounterpartsinthe10othercountriessurveyed.Whileoftenpraisedbyforeignersforitsemphasisonthebasics,Japaneseeducationtendstostresstesttakingandmechanicallearningovercreativityandself-expression.“Thosethingsthatdonotshowupinthetestscores—ality,ability,courageorhumanity—arecompleyignored,”saysToshikiKaifu,chairmanoftherulingLiberalDemocraticParty’seducationcommittee.“Frustrationagainstthiskindofthingleadskidstodropoutandrunwild.”LastyearJapanexperienced2,125sof,including929assaultsonteachers.Amidtheoutcry,manyconservativeleadersareseekingareturntotheprewaremphasisonmoraleducation.LastyearMitsuoSetoyama,whowastheneducationminister,raisedeyebrowswhenhearguedthatliberalreformsintroducedbytheAmericanoccupationafterWorldWarIIhadweakenedthe“Japanesemoralityofrespectforparents.”WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetwoJapaneseeducationispraisedforheltheyoungclimbthesocialJapaneseeducationischaracterizedbymechanicallearningaswellasMorestressshouldbecedonthecultivationofDropoutleadstofrustrationagainsttest★四大復(fù)習(xí)階段與過(guò)程StepOne: StepTwo： StepThree: Step ★根本復(fù)習(xí)方法 FocusOne: FocusTwo: FocusThree: FocusFour: ★學(xué)習(xí)理念（極其重要【經(jīng)典句子】Itisabundantlyclearthatthisdrawingisdesignedtohighlightthesupremesignificanceofoptimisticmentality,highonthelistoftraditionalvirtuescelebratedbyourancientphilosophers.【詞匯★考研英語(yǔ)高分寫作典型標(biāo) 操作層面1 2 3 4 5 錯(cuò)誤1：Heaswellashisclassmateshavebeenpraisedbythe錯(cuò)誤2:ernmentshouldtakeconcretemovestoreversethisevil錯(cuò)誤3：therearesomereasonsaccountforthisprevailing錯(cuò)誤4：somepeoplepayattentiononthedisadvantagesofglobalization★高分作文賞析 PartOne:SentenceAhostofgraduatesarestandingataItiswidelyacceptedthatawealthofruralkidshavetoquitschoolduetofinancialAgrowingnumberofcollegekidsaregettinginvolvedinpart-timeShoulderingraisingresponsibilitycountsmuchforcontemporaryyoungAmajorityofindividualsmaintainthatgettinginvolvedinpart-timejobcansharpentheircompetitiveedge.6）Clearly,fromtheschools’,there’salotofmoneytobesaved.PartTwo:Composition英語(yǔ)（一PartWriteane-mailofabout100wordstoaforeignteacherinyourcollege,invitinghim/hertobeajudgeforthe ingEnglishspeechcontest.Youshouldincludethedetailsyouthinknecessary.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.Donotsignyourownnameattheendofthee-mail.Use“LiMing”instead.Dono