高中英語人教版必修二-Unit3-課文內(nèi)容

必修二Unit3課文內(nèi)容IdevelopedveryslowlyandittooknearlytwohundredyearsbeforeIwasbuiltasananalyticalmachinebyCharlesBabbage.本句是由并列連詞and連接的并列句。and后的句子中before引導時間狀語從句?！鱞efore引導時間狀語從句before引導時間狀語從句時可以根據(jù)語境譯作“過了……（時間）才……”，“還沒來得及……就……”或“在……之前”。Theywalkedabout30milesbeforetheysawavillage.Wehadn’trunamilebeforehefelttired.△before常用于以下句型中：=1\*GB2⑴Itwas+時間段+before...“過了……才……”，從句常用一般過去時。=2\*GB2⑵Itwasnotlongbefore...“不久就……”，從句常用一般過去時。=3\*GB2⑶Itwillnotbelongbefore...“不久就會……”，從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時。=4\*GB2⑷Itwillbe+時間段+before...“要過……才……”，從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時。Itwasfivedaysbeforehecameback.Itwasnotlongbeforehesensedthedangeroftheposition.Itwillnotbelongbeforetheyunderstandeachother.Itwillbehalfayearbeforeyougraduatefromtheschool.練習：1.Itwasevening______wereachedthelittletownofWinchester.A.thatB.untilC.sinceD.before2.Scientistssayitmaybefiveorsixyears______itispossibletotestthismedicineonhumanpatients.A.sinceB.afterC.beforeD.when3.Someonecalledmeupinthemiddleofthenight,buttheyhungup______Icouldanswerthephone.A.asB.sinceC.untilD.before4.Hemadeamistake,butthenhecorrectedthesituation______itgotworse.A.untilB.whenC.beforeD.as5.Itwassometime_____werealizedthetruth.A.whenB.untilC.sinceD.before6.TheAmericanCivilWarlastedfouryears_____theNorthwonintheend.A.afterB.beforeC.whenD.then7.–Whydidn’tyoutellhimaboutthemeeting?–Herushedoutoftheroom_____Icouldsayaword.A.beforeB.untilC.whenD.after8.–Howlongdoyouthinkitwillbe______Chinasendsamannedspaceshiptothemoon?–Perhapstwoorthreeyears.A.whenB.untilC.thatD.beforeAnyhow,mygoalistoprovidehumanswithalifeofhighquality.本句為簡單句。mygoal為主語；動詞不定式短語toprovide...為表語；ofhighquality作定語，修飾alife.△“of+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)“of+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可在句中作表語、定語和補語。該結(jié)構(gòu)可分為兩類：=1\*GB2⑴名詞有相應的形容詞時，“of+名詞”可轉(zhuǎn)化為相應的形容詞。這類名詞有value,use,important,help,interest,benefit等。它們可用no,some,any,little,much,great等詞修飾。Theyareofgreathelp(=veryhelpful)toEnglishlearners.Infact,sportscanbeofgreatbenefit(=verybeneficial)toourhealth.=2\*GB2⑵名次沒有相應的形容詞時，“of+名詞”沒有相應的形容詞形式。常見的名詞有age,size,color,weight,quality,height,price,opinion,shape,kind,way等，這些名詞前的限定詞常為a,an,thesame等。Mr.Smith,myteacher,isofthesameopinion.Weareofthesameage.Tomisofadifferentwayofthinking.練習：=1\*GB2⑴–ThisbookbyTonyGarrisionis______forourcourse.–ButIthinkhislatestoneisbetterworthreading.A.uselessB.ofnouseC.ofgreatuseD.greatuseful=2\*GB2⑵完成句子=1\*GB3①這項工程對每個人都大有好處。Thisprojectis______________________________(benefit)toeveryone.=2\*GB3②同時，性別差異的主題也很有趣。Also,thetopicofsexdifferencesis____________________________(interest).=3\*GB3③在這個地區(qū)，我們學校的教學質(zhì)量是最好的。Ourschooleducationis________________________(quality)inthisarea.AstimesentbyIdidresearchintohowtomakemyradio.本句中astimesentby為as引導的時間狀語從句，howtomakemyradio作介詞into的賓語。△as引導的時間狀語從句=1\*GB2⑴as引導時間狀語從句，意為“隨著，當……”，強調(diào)主從句的謂語動作同時發(fā)生。Asshotsrang,peoplecouldbeseenrunningoutofthebuilding.=2\*GB2⑵as引導比較狀語從句，意為“像……一樣”。HeisasoldasI(am).=3\*GB2⑶as引導方式狀語從句，意為“照……的方式”。WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.=4\*GB2⑷as引導原因狀語，意為“因為，由于”。”Asshehasnocar,shecan’tgetthereeasily.=5\*GB2⑸as引導讓步狀語從句，意為“盡管，雖然”，此時從句需用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。Happyas/thoughtheywere,therewassomethingmissing.Childas/thoughheis,heknowsalot.練習：=1\*GB2⑴Stupid______itsounds,IwassoinlovewithherthatIbelievedher.A.althoughB.asC.whileD.when=2\*GB2⑵Lessonscanbelearnedtofacethefuture,_______historycannotbechanged.A.thoughB.asC.sinceD.unless=3\*GB2⑶完成句子=1\*GB3①我們最好快一點，因為天就要黑了。Wehadbetterhurry,_________________________________________.=6\*GB3⑥Shestoodatthegateasif________(wait)forsomeone.=3\*GB2⑶完成句子：=1\*GB3①He’llgototheseasideforhisholidayif______________possible.=2\*GB3②Heopenedthebox,asif__________________insearchofsomethingimportant.Afterall,withthehelpofmyelectronicbrainwhichneverforgetsanything,usingmyintelligenceiswhatI’mallabout!本句是主從復合句，介詞短語withthehelpof...中含有which引導的定語從句，先行詞為brain；usingmyintelligenceiswhatI’mallabout是句子的主干部分，其中動名詞短語usingmyintelligence作主語，whatI’mallabout是what引導的表語從句?！鲃用~（短語）做主語=1\*GB2⑴單個的動名詞（短語）做主語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式，一般來說，動名詞（短語）做主語表示習慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作。Talkingisanart.LearningEnglishwellisnoteasy.=2\*GB3②動名詞（短語）作主語時，通常用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語放到句子的末尾。此類的常用句型有：nouse/gooddoingsth.做某事沒用Itis+uselessdoingsth.做某事沒用Itis+worthwhile/worthdoingsth.做某事是值得的Itisnousewaitinghere.Itisnogood/usecomplaining.It’sworthwhilehelpingothers.△=1\*GB2⑴important,necessary,possible,impossible,essential等形容詞用于形式主語結(jié)構(gòu)中，用動詞不定式充當真正主語。It’simportanttolearnforeignlanguages.=2\*GB2⑵動名詞與動詞不定式都可以做主語或賓語。動名詞通常表示習慣性、經(jīng)常性的行為；動詞不定式則往往表示具體的一次性的動作。Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimthisafternoon.練習：=1\*GB2⑴用括號內(nèi)詞的適當形式填空=1\*GB3①________(say)iseasierthan____________.=2\*GB3②It’snouse________(cry)overthesplitmilk.=3\*GB3③It’snecessary________(keep)theroomclean.=4\*GB3④________(finish)thetaskinsuchashorttimeishardforme.=2\*GB2⑵________yourownneedsandstylesofcommunicationisasimportantaslearningtoconveyyouraffectionandemotions.UnderstandingTobeunderstoodBeingunderstoodHavingunderstood現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的形式現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成是：have/hasbeendone。但在不同的句式中，其具體形式也有所不同。=1\*GB2⑴肯定句形式主語+have/hasbeendone+其他ThebridgeovertheYellowRiverhasjustbeencompleted.Thechickenhasbeenstewedfortwohours.=2\*GB2⑵否定句形式主語+have/hasnotbeendone+其他Theyhaven’tbeentoldtheexcitingnewyet,havethey?Thesecond-handcarhasnotbeensold.=3\*GB2⑶一般疑問句形式Have/Has+主語+beendone+其他–Hasherworkbeenfinished?–Yes,ithas.=4\*GB2⑷特殊疑問句形式特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語+beendone+其他Howlonghasthemachinebeenused?現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)用法=1\*GB2⑴表示被動的動作在說話之前已經(jīng)完成，強調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，通常與already,yet,never,recently等副詞及時間狀語sofar,bynow,uptillnow,since等連用。Theroomhasalreadybeencleaned.(現(xiàn)在已不用打掃房間)Thedoctorhasn’tbeensentforyet.（現(xiàn)在應派人去請醫(yī)生）真題：=1\*GB3①Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,noagreement__________sofarbythetwosides.A.hasbeenreachedB.wasreachedC.willreachD.willhavereached=2\*GB3②Shakespeare’splayHamlet__________intoatleasttendifferentfilmsoverthepastyears.A.hadbeenmadeB.wasmadeC.hasbeenmadeD.wouldbemade=3\*GB3③EveryyearafloodoffarmersarriveinShenzhenforthemoney-makingjobsthey_________beforeleavingtheirhometowns.A.promisedB.werepromisedC.havepromisedD.havebeenpromised=2\*GB2⑵表示一個被動的動作或狀態(tài)從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能持續(xù)下去，常與for或since等引出的時間狀語（從句）連用，或用于howlong引出的句子中。Themachinehasbeenrepairedfortwohours.Howlonghastheprojectbeencarriedout?=3\*GB2⑶用在條件狀語從句中，表示將來某時已經(jīng)完成的動作。We’llstartassoonastheworkhasbeenfinished.真題：Wewon’tstarttheworkuntilallthepreparations_________.A.arebeingmadeB.willbemadeC.havebeenmadeD.hadbeenmade從句中的動作若要表示比謂語動作之前發(fā)生，遵循以下原則：主句：一般現(xiàn)在時/一般將來時從句：現(xiàn)在完成時主句：一般過去時從句：過去完成時現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的注意事項=1\*GB2⑴現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)有兩個助動詞，即have/has和been，缺一不可。=2\*GB2⑵現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)與一般過去時的被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別：一般過去時的被動語態(tài)表示一個被動的動作發(fā)生在過去某個時間，其結(jié)果對現(xiàn)在沒有影響；而現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)側(cè)重于表示動作或狀態(tài)盡管發(fā)生在過去，但該動作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在造成了影響（或產(chǎn)生了結(jié)果）。Thebigfirewasputouttwohoursago.Thebigfirehasbeenputout.真題：=1\*GB3①Ihadastrongdesiretoreachinandplaywiththetoy,but______thankfullybytheshopwindow.A.amheldbackB.heldbackC.holdbackD.washeldback=2\*GB3②–Didyouenjoytheparty?–Yes,we________wellbyourhosts.A.weretreatedB.wouldbetreatedC.treatedD.hadtreated=3\*GB3③Thediamondmine________accidentallybyalittleboywhenhewasplayinghide-and-seek.A.discoveredB.wasdiscoveredC.hasbeendiscoveredD.woulddiscovered=3\*GB2⑶finish,buy,start,begin,return,borrow,join,open等非延續(xù)性動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。這個工程開始多久了？【誤】Howlonghasthisprojectbeenstarted?【正】Howlongagowasthisprojectstarted?=4\*GB2⑷只帶有一個賓語的動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，講主動句的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，例如：主動：Wehavebuiltmanybridgesinthepasttenyears.被動：Manybridgeshavebeenbuilt(byus)inthepasttenyears.=5\*GB2⑸帶有雙賓語的動詞，如：give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,sell,buy,ask,pay,lend,offer,hand,pass,get,promise等，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，可將其中一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個保持不變，但要注意間接賓語與介詞的搭配。主動：Hehassentmeane-mail.被動：Ihavebeensentane-mail.被動：Ane-mailhasbeensenttome.=6\*GB2⑹短語動詞是一個不可分割的整體，在被動結(jié)構(gòu)中要保持其完整性，不可省略短語動詞中的介詞或副詞。Itissaidthattheproblemhasbeenlookedinto.練習：I．將主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳浠虮粍泳渥優(yōu)橹鲃泳?.MyfatherhasrepairedtheTVset._____________________________________________________________________2.Theteacherhasborrowedthebooks._____________________________________________________________________3.Theyhaveaskedhimsomequestions._____________________________________________________________________4.Thecakehasbeeneatenbyhim._____________________________________________________________________5.Thehousehasbeensetfiretobyhim._____________________________________________________________________II.用所給詞的適當形式填空1.Alotofsurvivors________(rescue)bythesoldiersinthatareawheretheearthquakehappenedsinceyesterday.2.Thetopic________(talk)aboutforalongtimeontheInternet.3.–Whynotgointothereadingroom?–Thedoor________(lock).4.________yournewnovel________(translated)intoEnglishrecently?5.Thesportsmeetingofourschool________(put)offbecauseofbadweather.6.Bynowthehouse________(paint)twice.7.Thenews________(give)awaysofar.’8.Bythetimehewastenyearsold,h