專業(yè)英語四級(jí)(閱讀)模擬試卷58(題后含答案及解析)

專業(yè)英語四級(jí)（閱讀）模擬試卷58(題后含答案及解析)題型有：5.READINGCOMPREHENSIONPARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSION(25MIN)Directions:Inthissectiontherearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswer.Myjobistoproviderelevant,factuallyaccurateinformationthatisinteresting,usefulandentertainingtomyreaders,betheyBrainstormorITWebreaders.Myjobisnottogetyourcorporatemessageacross.Ifyouwanttogetyourcorporatemessageouttothemarkettakeanadvertisement,or,failingthat,doagoodenoughjobthatyourclientsgetyourmessageandspreaditforyou,thenyouwouldn’tbesodesperatethatyouhavetoattempttoforcemetodoit.Secondly,myjobistotakeinformationfromanysourcesasIfeelarerelevantornecessary,andprocessitintoonesmooth,seamlessstorythatmakessense,andiseasyandpleasanttoread.Itisnotmyjobtoprinteverysinglewordofjargonandmarketingwafflethatspewsfromyourlips.Shouldyouchoosetospewjargonandmarketingwaffleduringaninterview,itwillnotbeused.Tryplain,simpleEnglishinfuture.Whatmyjobremindsmeofistousecommentsandquotesthatprovideknowledgeandinsight,nottouseanythingyouhavesaidmerelybecauseyouhavesaidit.WhatIuseandwhatIdonotuseinastoryismyprivilege.ShouldIchoosenottouseyourquotethereisnothingyoucandoaboutit.Further,myjobistowritestoriesthatmyreaderswanttoread,thuskeepingthemagazineorwebsite’sideasaliveandkicking,andthusprovidingadvertiserswithanaudiencetoadvertiseto.ShouldIwritewhatyouwantmetowritemyreaderswillstopreadingandyouwillhavenovehicleforyourmarketingandadvertising.Additionally,shouldyouhaveahissyfitandthreatentopullyourads,orneveradvertiseagain,becauseIranastoryyoudidnotlike,ordidnotuseyourquotes,orlookedatyoufunnywhenyouwerehavingabadday,youarenotgoingtogetasympatheticresponse.Youwillgetapositiveandprofessionalresponse.Nicepeoplewillkindlyattempttoexplaintoyouaboutpressfreedom,andwhatisenshrinedinSA’sconstitution,andthat“really,really,we’resorrybutadvertisingpeoplehavenocontroloverwhatthosejournalistsdo”.Whatyouwillgetfrommeisthepleasureofneverbeinginterviewedbymeagain.Iwillnotbeblackmailed.Iwillnotbebullied.AndImostcertainlywillnotinterviewyouagain,knowingthatifyouhappentotakeanadforthatfeatureyouwillassumeIamrunningyourquotestokeepyouhappy.Conversely,IwillnotdoaninterviewknowingthatifIdonotrunyourquotesyouwillassumeitisbecauseyouhavenottakenanad.Sothenexttimeyouhavetheurgetoaskmeifyoucanapprovecopy,ortellmysalesteamthatyouwillnottakeanadunlessyouareguaranteededitorial,remembertheaboveandthinkaboutwhatyouareactuallydoing.Youare

askingmetocompromisemyethics,credibility,reputation,integrityand—ultimately—mycareerandIwillnotdothat—foryouoranyone.1．TheauthorsuggeststhatcorporatemessageshouldbesenttotheconsumersprimarilybyA．committingtoadvertising.B．improvingproductquality.C．spreadingpublicpraise.D．a(chǎn)ttractingmorereaders.正確答案：A解析：題干中的primarily表明我們要查找傳達(dá)商業(yè)信息的首選做法，第2段第2句中的or，failingthat，表明其前面提到的takeanadvertisement就是首選做法，該句提到的其他做法都是在“廣告”這個(gè)途徑失敗后才采取的，由此可見，本題應(yīng)選A。知識(shí)模塊：閱讀2．Accordingtotheauthor,jargonandmarketingwaffleareA．irrelevant.B．unintelligible.C．professional.D．monotonous.正確答案：B解析：原文第3段末句的plain，simple表明作者不采用jargonandmarketingwaffle是因?yàn)樗鼈儾粔蛲ㄋ滓锥?，由此可見，本題應(yīng)選B。jargon一詞可能會(huì)讓人聯(lián)想到C，而waffle一詞可能讓人聯(lián)想到A或D，但這些選項(xiàng)只是想象，而沒有原文依據(jù)。知識(shí)模塊：閱讀3．TheauthorwritesmostprobablyinordertochieflysatisfyA．hisdesire.B．theeditors.C．themedia.D．hisreaders.正確答案：D解析：第5段首句表明讀者想看什么，作者就寫什么，可見他的寫作是為了迎合讀者的需求，因此本題應(yīng)選D。雖然第4段表明在故事里使用什么語句由作者自己決定，但這并不意味著他的寫作是為了滿足自己，可見A不正確；第5段第1句提到了magazine和website等與media有關(guān)的詞，但句中的thus．．．表明這些并不是作者首要關(guān)心的東西，讀者才是他最關(guān)心的，因此C不能選。B無原文依據(jù)。知識(shí)模塊：閱讀4．Whentheauthorrefusestotaketheclients’quotes,hedoesn’texpectthemto

thinkA．thatheisbeingblackmailed.B．itisbecausetheyhavetakenanad.C．itisbecausetheyhavenottakenanad.D．thatheisbeingprofessional.正確答案：C解析：倒數(shù)第2段末句可以理解為：如果某些客戶認(rèn)為，作者不將客戶提供的材料寫在故事里是因?yàn)樗麄儧](在作者所在的雜志)做廣告的話，作者是不會(huì)去訪問這些客戶的。也就是說，作者不希望客戶因?yàn)樵獾骄芙^而聯(lián)想到是因?yàn)樗麄儧]有做廣告。因此，本題應(yīng)選C。知識(shí)模塊：閱讀5．ItcanbeassumedthattheauthorisA．a(chǎn)novelist.B．a(chǎn)nadvertiser.C．a(chǎn)journalist.D．a(chǎn)ninterviewer.正確答案：C解析：除了根據(jù)各段對(duì)作者的工作性質(zhì)的描述外，證明作者是journalist的6段的末句。該句提到了thosejournalists，因此本題應(yīng)選C。文advertising和interview的詞句，但通讀全文就會(huì)知道作者對(duì)advertisement不太在意，而interview只是作者作為journalist必須要做的工作之B和D都是不正確的。知識(shí)模塊：閱讀最直接證據(jù)是第中多次提到關(guān)于一，因此，Ah,praise.SopowerfularesimplewordsofapprovalandadmirationthatthelatepsychologistB.F.Skinneroncecalledpraisegiving“thegreatesttoolinbehaviormodification”.Yetpreciselybecausepraiseissuchheadystuff,motivationresearcherswarnofitspsychologicalperils.Althoughtheresearchersagreethatencouragementisessentialforeveryone,studieshavefoundthatpoorlychosenwordsofpraisecanbeasmanipulativeasanyotherreward—andjustasdestructivetocreativity,perseveranceandperformance.Evenbehavioristswhoadvocateheavyuseofpraiseforpositivereinforcementintheclassroomwarnthatitspowercaneasilybemissed.Suchcondemnationofsimplegoodwordsisdifficultevenforthosewhocanclearlyseethedestructivepotentialofgoldstarsandotherglitteryenticements.Butinfact,Kohnargues,praiseshouldnotalwaysbeconsideredasynonymforhumankindness.Children,heargues,canbecomeCompletelydependentonpraiseandinthatemotionalprocessloseanyloveofdoingthingsfortheirownsake.Experimentsshow,forexample,thatchildrenwhoarepraisedforbeinggenerouswithothersactuallyendupbeinglessgenerousthanthosewhoreceivednostrokes.Praisehasalsobeenshowntohaveverydisruptiveeffectsonconfidence,concentrationandperformance.Peoplewhoreceivepraiseoftenbecomesoself-consciousoftheirtemporarygoodstandingthattheycannotfocusonthetaskathand,oralternativelytheysimplyavoidchallengingthemselvesinordertoprevent

thepossibilityoffailure.CaseWesternReserveUniversityresearcherRoyF.Baumeisterfoundthatcomplimentsareaneffectivewaytoincreasepressure,makingapersonmorelikelyto“choke”.Subjectswhowerepraisedjustbeforeatestofvideoskillsconsistentlyperformedworsethandidthosewhowerenot.Andstudentswhowereheavilypraisedbecamemoreunconfirmedintheiranswersandgaveupmorequicklyonideasteachersdisagreedwith.“Iworryaboutchildrenwhoseeyeslightupeverytimetheyarepraised,”saysKohn.“Manyofthemwillgrowtobeadultsdesperateforothers’approval,unabletoformulatetheirownstandards.”Althoughwordsofpraisemaybemoresubtlethanotherrewards,thebasicpsychologicalissueisoneofpowerandmanipulation.“Often,themoststrikingthingaboutapositivejudgmentisthatit’sajudgment,”saysKohn.“Itimplies,‘Ihavepoweroveryou.’”What’smore,headds,praisecarrieswithitthepossibilityofcriticism,whichcanmaketheloftiestpraisethreatening:today’s“you’reperfect”canbecometomorrow’s“youareworthless”.6．AccordingtoB.F.Skinner,praiseA．ismostusefulinbehaviorcorrection.B．issimplebutpowerfulwordsofgoodwill.C．canchangepeople’sbehaviorstobebetter.D．maybothbebeneficialanddisadvantageous.正確答案：C解析：第1段段末雙引號(hào)里的內(nèi)容就是B．F．Skinner的觀點(diǎn)，其中modification與change同義，而結(jié)合下一段第1句的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系可以推斷第1段的modification是指“變(得更好)”，因此本題應(yīng)選C。A看起來也是第1段段末雙引號(hào)里的內(nèi)容的同義correction與modification并非同義詞，correc-tion是指“改正“改正”，因此A不正確；B是抽取第1段第2句部分內(nèi)容并非B．F．Skinner的觀點(diǎn)，也不能選。知識(shí)模塊：閱讀改寫，但要注意的是，錯(cuò)誤”，而modification只是“改變”的意思，不光指開頭的詞語組成的，但這一所以7．WordsofpraisecouldbecomedestructivewhenA．theyarecasuallychosen.B．theyareheavilyused.C．theyarenotusedbybehaviorists.D．theyareoutofaneducationalenvironment.正確答案：A解析：第2段第的話變得具有破壞性，poorlychosen與A中的。本題最具干擾性的只有B。B來自第2段最后一句的praise，但該句中的advocate表明行為學(xué)家是贊成heavyuseofpraise的，雖然他們也認(rèn)為heavyuseofpraise未必能起作用，但他們并沒有認(rèn)為heavyuseofpraise2句中found的賓語從句表明poodychosenwords會(huì)使稱贊casuallychosen同義，因此A為heavyuseof本題答案

是具有破壞性的，因此B是不正確的。知識(shí)模塊：閱讀8．Thelastword“strokes”inthethirdparagraphmostcloselymeansA．instructions.B．criticisms.C．help.D．compliments.正確答案：D解析：第3段最后一句中than前后的內(nèi)容表明該句對(duì)比的兩個(gè)對(duì)象應(yīng)該是小孩”和“沒有受到過稱贊的小孩”，由此可見，句末的strokes應(yīng)意思，故選D。知識(shí)模塊：閱讀“常受稱贊的該與“稱贊”同義，D就是“稱贊”的9．RoyF.Baumeisterfoundthatheavypraisecouldresultinpeople’sA．stubbornness.B．lackofpersistence.C．lackofcreativity.D．incapability.正確答案：B解析：根據(jù)題干中的RoyF．Baumeister定位到第4段第3-5句。從原文該部分中的choke，gaveupeasily等詞可以推斷RoyF．Baumeister認(rèn)為過多的B所說的稱贊會(huì)使人變得容易放棄。也就是“缺乏毅力”。知識(shí)模塊：閱讀10．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisKohnmostlikelytoagreewith?A．Wordsofpraisearenothingmorethanpositivejudgments.B．Wordsofpraisefallintothecategoryofbasicpsychologicalissue.C．Wordsofpraiseandcriticismsareinterchangeable.D．Wordsofpraisearemeanttomanipulatethelisteners.正確答案：D解析：最后一段第3句表明Kohn除了認(rèn)為稱贊是一D是Kohn最可能認(rèn)同的說法。最具干擾性的是A，也來自原文，但與D相比A沒有表達(dá)出Kohn對(duì)“贊美”的主要觀點(diǎn)，而且選項(xiàng)中的nothingmorethan說的過于絕對(duì)了。B將文中wordsofpraise和basicpsychologicalissue的所屬關(guān)系顛倒了；C將原文praise和criticism”關(guān)系(原文有possibility一詞)說成了絕對(duì)。知識(shí)模塊：閱讀種評(píng)價(jià)外，這種評(píng)價(jià)還意味著想去控制對(duì)方，因此，該選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容起來．“可能的After21yearsofmarriage,mywifewantedmetotakeanotherwomanouttodinnerandamovie.Shesaid,“Iloveyou,butIknowthisotherwomanlovesyoutoo,andshewouldlovetospendsometimewithyou.”Theotherwomanthatmywifewantedmetovisitwasmymother,whohasbeenawidowfor19years,butthedemandsofmyworkandmythreechildrenhadmadeitpossibletovisitheronlyoccasionally.ThatnightIcalledtoinvitehertogooutfordinnerandamovie.

“What’swrong,areyouwell?”sheasked.Mymotheristhetypeofwomanwhosuspectsthatalatenightcallorasurpriseinvitationisasignofbadnews.“Ithoughtthatitwouldbepleasanttospendsometimewithyou,”Iresponded.“Justthetwoofus.”Shethoughtaboutitforamoment,andthensaid,“Iwouldlikethatverymuch.”ThatFridayafterwork,asIdroveovertopickherup,Iwasabitnervous.WhenIarrivedatherhouse,Inoticedthatshe,too,seemedtobenervousaboutourdate.Shewaitedinthedoorwithhercoaton.Shehadcurledherhairandwaswearingthedressthatshehadworntocelebrateherlastweddinganniversary.Shesmiledfromafacethatwasasradiantasanangel’s.“ItoldmyfriendsthatIwasgoingtogooutwithmyson,andtheywereimpressed,”shesaid,asshegotintothecar.“Theycan’twaittohearaboutourmeeting.”Wewenttoarestaurantthat,althoughnotelegant,wasveryniceandcozy.MymothertookmyarmasifsheweretheFirstLady.Afterwesatdown,Ihadtoreadthemenu.Hereyescouldonlyreadlargeprint.Halfwaythroughtheentries,IliftedmyeyesandsawMomsittingtherestaringatme.Anostalgicsmilewasonherlips.readthemenuwhenyouweresmall,”shesaid.“ItwasIwhousedtohaveto“Thenit’stimethatyourelaxandletmereturnthefavor,”Iresponded.conversation—nothingextraordinarybutcatchinguponrecenteventsofeachother’slife.Wetalkedsomuchthatwemissedthemovie.Aswearrivedatherhouselater,shesaid,“I’llgooutwithyouagain,butonlyifyouletmeinviteyou.”Iagreed.“Howwasyourdinnerdate?”AskedmywifewhenIgothome.“Verynice.MuchmoresothanIcouldhaveimagined,”Ianswered.Afewdayslater,mymotherDuringthedinner,wehadanagreeablediedofamassiveheartattack.IthappenedsosuddenlythatIdidn’thaveachancetodoanythingforher.Sometimelater,IreceivedanenvelopewithacopyofarestaurantreceiptfromthesameplacemotherandIhaddined.Anattachednotesaid:“Ipaidthisbillinadvance.Iwasn’tsurethatIcouldbethere;butnevertheless,Ipaidfortwoplates—oneforyouandtheotherforyourwife.Youwillneverknowwhatthatnightmeantforme.Iloveyou,son.”Atthatmoment,Iunderstoodtheimportanceof.sayingintime:“ILOVEYOU,”andtogiveourlovedonesthetimethattheydeserve.Nothinginlifeismoreimportantthanyourfamily.Givethemthetimetheydeserve,becausethesethingscannotbeputofftill“someothertime”.11．Whenthemotherhearditwastheson’scall,shewasA．worried.B．surprised.C．suspicious.D．puzzled.正確答案：A解析：根據(jù)第2段第3句母親所問的問題可以推斷母親接到電話的時(shí)候，第一個(gè)反應(yīng)是“擔(dān)心”，因此本題應(yīng)選A。本題最具有干擾性的是C。suspicious和第2段末句中的suspect屬于同一個(gè)詞族．但要注意的是，在文中suspect是“猜想”的意思，而不是“懷疑”的意思，而suspicious只有“懷疑的、可疑的”意

思。因此C不符合原文的內(nèi)容。知識(shí)模塊：閱讀12．Themother’sfriendsweremostimpressedbyA．thememorabledatebetweenthemotherandtheson.B．themother’srealizationofherlong-awaiteddream.C．theson’sloveforhismother.D．themother’sprideinherson.正確答案：C解析：可以說，母親的朋友也應(yīng)該是老年人，他們應(yīng)該也像母親一樣很少能和兒女聚會(huì)，由此可推斷，他們認(rèn)為作者邀請(qǐng)母親吃飯是在表達(dá)對(duì)母親的愛，作者這樣做讓他們很感動(dòng)，因此本題應(yīng)選C。知識(shí)模塊：閱讀13．Whenthemothertooktheauthor’sarmintotherestaurant,sheA．lookedliketheFirstLady.B．wastreatedliketheFirstLady.C．wasasimportantastheFirstLady.D．feltasproudasbeingtheFirstLady.正確答案：D解析：從原文前5段的內(nèi)容可以推斷母親覺得自己像第一夫人是因?yàn)樗翘旌芨吲d，能和兒子一起吃飯讓她覺得很得意，而且也以兒子為榮，因此，本題D最合適。原文該句中的asif表示一種感覺。在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有D中的felt表示感覺，其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)的動(dòng)詞都用于描述現(xiàn)實(shí)，在這種情況下，即使C中的important在現(xiàn)實(shí)中可用來形容當(dāng)?shù)谝环蛉说母杏X，也可以馬上排除。知識(shí)模塊：閱讀14．Whatdidthemothermainlytalkabouttotheauthorduringthedinner?A．Herlifeaftertheauthor’smarriage.B．Herlifesincetheauthor’slastvisit.C．Hermemoryabouttheauthorasachild.D．Herexpectationaboutfuturereunions.正確答案：B解析：第8段第1句中的recentevents表明母親在吃飯時(shí)談起的是最近發(fā)生的事，在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中B提到與第5段末句中的nostalgic意思相關(guān)不一定在吃飯時(shí)就起過去，因此C是不正確的。知識(shí)模塊：閱讀的時(shí)間是最近的，因此B為本題答案。C的memory，但原文該句只表明母親想起了過去，但“主要”談15．ThemotherinsistedoninvitingtheauthortodinnerbecauseA．shewasgoingtodiesoon.B．shewantedtoshowherlove.C．shedidnotexpecttheheartattack.D．sheintendedtothankhimandhiswife.

正確答案：B解析：從第9段的I’llgooutwithyouagain可以知道母親在提出請(qǐng)兒子吃飯時(shí)，她還是想著自己一定會(huì)去的，根據(jù)倒數(shù)第2段最后兩句和最后一段的哲理可以推斷母親當(dāng)時(shí)提出邀請(qǐng)是因?yàn)樗惨寖鹤又浪軔鬯?。由此可見，本題應(yīng)選B。倒數(shù)第快要死了”是過度推斷。2段倒數(shù)第D是另一個(gè)強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng)，但由第again可知，當(dāng)母親提出邀請(qǐng)時(shí)，她并沒有想要邀請(qǐng)媳婦一起參加，這可能是后D并不是母親最3句表明母親并不能確定自己的病情．所以A說“她9段的I’llgooutwithyou來回家之后才想到的，所以初提出邀請(qǐng)時(shí)的目的。知識(shí)模塊：閱讀16．ThepassageintendstoteachushowtocherishA．ourparents.B．love.C．ourfamily.D．life.正確答案：C解析：最后一段是對(duì)全文中心思想的概括，第2句表明family是最重要的東西，可見本文是為了說明我們要珍惜family，因此本題應(yīng)選C。知識(shí)模塊：閱讀Menandwomenapproachproblemswithsimilargoalsbutwithdifferentconsiderations.Whilemenandwomencansolveproblemsequallywell,theirapproachandtheirprocessareoftenquitedifferent.Formostwomen,sharinganddiscussingaproblempresentsanopportunitytoexplore,deepenorstrengthentherelationshipwiththepersontheyaretalkingwith.Womenareusuallymoreconcernedabouthowproblemsaresolvedthanmerelysolvingtheproblemitself.Forwomen,solvingaproblemcanprofoundlyimpactwhethertheyfeelcloserandlessaloneorwhethertheyfeeldistantandlessconnected.Theprocessofsolvingaproblemcanstrengthenorweakenarelationship.Mostmenarelessconcernedanddonotfeelthesameaswomenwhensolvingaproblem.Menapproachproblemsinaverydifferentmannerthanwomen.Formostmen,solvingaproblempresentsanopportunitytodemonstratetheircompetence,theirstrengthofresolve,andtheircommitmenttoarelationship.Howtheproblemissolvedisnotnearlyasimportantassolvingiteffectivelyandinthebestpossiblemanner.Menhaveatendencytodominateandtoassumeauthorityinaproblemsolvingprocess.Theyseta-sidetheirfeelingsprovidedthedominancehierarchywasagreeduponinadvanceandrespected.Theyareoftendistractedanddonotattendwelltothequalityoftherelationshipwhilesolvingproblems.Someofthemoreimportantdifferencescanbeillustratedbyobservinggroupsofyoungteenageboysandgroupsofyoungteenagegirlswhentheyattempttofindtheirwayoutofamaze.Agroupofboysgenerallyestablishahierarchyorchainofcommandwithaleaderwhoemergesonhisownorthroughdemonstrationsofabilityandpower.Boysexplorethemazeusingscouts

whileremainingindistantproximitytoeachother.Groupsofgirlstendtoexplorethemazetogetherasagroupwithoutestablishingaclearordominantleader.Relationshipstendtobeco-equal.Girlstendtoelicitdiscussionandemploy“collectiveintelligence