被動(dòng)語態(tài)語法講解

初三語法精講系列(二)被動(dòng)語態(tài)動(dòng)詞及時(shí)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)：--HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai,Mary?--Yes.Ithereforthreedayswithmyparentslastmonth.A.havegone B.havebeen C.went D.was--DoyouoftenwatchManandNatureonTV?--Sometimes.It'saninterestingprogram,butISportsNews.A.prefer B.wantC.enjoy D.missIWhatdidJackaskyoujustnow?—HewantedtoknowhowlongwhenIreachedthecinema.A.hadthefilmbeenon B.thefilmhadstartedC.thefilmhadlasted D.hadthefilmendedIPleasethetigers.It'sdangeroustotakephotoswiththem.—Oh,Isee.Thankyou.A.keepoff B.takeoff C.getoff D.turnoffMyfriendLiXiaoknowsmyhometownverywellbecausehetheremanytimeswithme.A.hasbeen B.hasgone C.hadgone D.wentMydaughterhasjust.A.wentoutB.goesoutC.goneoutDgoingoutI’msurewebefore.A.willmeetB.hadmetC.metD.havemetTheyhaveonlyfor5minutes.A.beenleftB.leftC.beenawayD.leaveTheteacher(give)usalessonwhenTom(walk)intotheroomyesterday.Whilewe(have)supper,allthelightswentout.He(read)whileshe(set)thetableatthattime.she(arrive)?Notyet.It‘4smonthssincetheoldman(die).翻譯句子：他已經(jīng)來這里已經(jīng)兩天了。他們從未去過延安。他經(jīng)常幫助你么？中國曾經(jīng)是世界上最偉大的國家到去年年底為止，我們又建了三個(gè)博物館。Bytheendoflastyear,.一、英語的兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)和被動(dòng) 核心：PeoplespeakEnglishallovertheworld.Englishisspokenbypeopleallovertheworld.主動(dòng)語態(tài)：被動(dòng)語態(tài)：二、被動(dòng)語態(tài).被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)： Thousandsofpeoplewerekilledintheearthquake.Englishiswidelyspokenallovertheworld.ThisarticleiswrittenbyMarkTwain..感受被動(dòng)語態(tài)Readthedialogueandfillintheblanks.MrJackson:Hello,Betty.Whatsup?Whatareyoudoinginthelibrary?Betty:Iwaslookingforsomeoldcopiesoftheschoolmagazine.IfI,vegotitright,itwascalledNewStandard.MrJackson:That,sright.AsfarasIremember,itwasstartedbyBeckyWang.Wedonthaveaschoolmagazineanymore.It’sapity.Betty:Well,I’mthinkingaboutstartingitagain.MrJackson:Soundslikeagoodidea!Goon.Betty:IwasalsolookingforsomethingbyConfuciusandbyShakespeare.MrJackson:Really?That,sabitdifficultfortheschoolmagazine.Betty:Well,I,dlikeamonthlyarticlecalled“GreatBooks”一youknow,someonereadsafavoriteworkofliteratureandwritesanarticleaboutit.MrJackson:Isee.Confucius’worksarestillreadbymanypeopletoday,andwe’restillinfluencedbyhisthoughts.AndShakespeare,splaysareseenbymillionsofpeopleeveryyear.ButhowaboutanAmericanwriter,MarkTwain,forexample?Betty:Idon’tknow.MarkTwainwasamimportantwriter,butheisn’tknownasagreatthinkerlikeConfucius.MrJackson:No,buthisbooksarestillpopular.Infact,hewrotemyfavoritebookTheAdventuresofTomSawyer.Perhapsthat'swhatmakes“GreatBooks”一they'restillreadtoday.Betty:Sowhydon,tyouwritethefirstarticleon“GreatBooks”?Completethesentences.NewStandardbyBeckyWang.Confucius7worksbymanypeopletoday.WebyConfucius7thoughts.Shakespeare%playsbymillionsofpeopleeveryyear.MarkTwainasathinkerlikeConfucius..觀察下列句子的時(shí)態(tài)Youweredefeatedlasttime.Iwasn’tchosentoattendthecompetition.We,llbeaskedtoplayintheOlympicGames.Whenwillthematchbeheld?Thebatteryhasn’tbeenchargedforacoupleofmonths.6.Hasitbeenpublishedyet?4.總結(jié)被動(dòng)語態(tài)不同的時(shí)態(tài):時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞形式一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Am/is/aregiven一般過去時(shí)Was/weregiven一般將來時(shí)Shall/willbegiven現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)Am/is/arebeinggiven過去進(jìn)行時(shí)Was/werebeinggiven過去將來時(shí)Should/wouldbegiven現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Has/havebeengiven過去完成時(shí)Hadbeengiven含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞begiven.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：InformationcanbekeptonCD-ROMsnow.Bookscouldonlybeproducedoneatatimebyhand.Mustthehomeworkbefinishedtoday?Childrenandoldpeopleshouldbetakengoodcareof..何時(shí)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)1）不知道或沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。換個(gè)說法，有一件事情不知道是誰干的或者不想說出是誰干的，這時(shí)就用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如：Theroomiscleanedeveryday.2）要表達(dá)“被...、受???、遭???、讓??.、”之類的語義。如：教師很受尊敬。 Teachersarewellrespected.這孩子很招人喜愛。 Thechildiswelllovedbypeople.3）強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作接受者。如：他遠(yuǎn)近聞名。 Heisknownfarandwide..被動(dòng)語態(tài)常用句型Itissaidthat 據(jù)說Itisreportedthat 據(jù)報(bào)道Itishopedthat 希望Itisbelievedthat 人們相信itis（well）knownthat 眾所周知Ithasbeendecidedthat 已經(jīng)決定Itissupposedthat 人們認(rèn)為Itissuggestedthat 有人建議Itmustberememberedthat 務(wù)必記住.關(guān)于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾點(diǎn)說明1）有些動(dòng)詞形式上是主動(dòng)，意義上是被動(dòng)。例如：Thelibrarydoesn’topenonSunday.圖書館星期天不開放。Themachinerunswell.這臺(tái)機(jī)器容易操作。Mypenwriteswell.我的鋼筆好使。Theclothwasheswell.這料子耐洗。Thedictionarysellswell.這詞典銷路很好。2）make,see,watch,hear,notice,feel等使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞的賓語后面可以接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，不定式符號(hào)to必須補(bǔ)上。例如：Theymadehimgo.他們讓他去。Hewasmadetogo.他被要求去了。Iheardhimsaygood-byetohisfriends.我聽見他向他的朋友說再見。Hewasheardtosaygood-byetohisfriends.有人聽到他向他的朋友說再見。3）除助動(dòng)詞be外，動(dòng)詞get有時(shí)也可踉過去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)，是比較口語化的一種被動(dòng)語態(tài)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)中很少用by短語。例如：Igotlostinthehugemarket.在那個(gè)巨大的市場(chǎng)中我迷失了方向。Youmightgetkilled/hurt.你會(huì)送命/受傷的。IntheendthisstorygottranslatedintoEnglish.這故事最后被譯成了英文。Hiscargotdamagedinaroadaccident.他的車在交通事故中被毀了。4）如果主動(dòng)語態(tài)有兩個(gè)賓語（直接賓語和間接賓語）變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，可將其中任何一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個(gè)不變。但較常見的是將間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語。Thereportersaskedthepresidentsomequestions.記者們問了總統(tǒng)一些問題。Thepresidentwasaskedsomequestionsbythereporters.（變間接賓語為主語）Somequestionswereaskedthepresidentbythereporters.（變直接賓語為主語）Wehavegivenhimajob.我們已給了他一個(gè)工作。Hehasbeengivenajob.（變間接賓語為主語）Ajobhasbeengiven（to）him.（變直接賓語為主語）5）不及物動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，因?yàn)樗鼈儧]有賓語。三、Exercise：將下列句子變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)Mysistermadethesoup.Peopleofallagesreadthisbook.Icleantheclassroomeveryday.TheywillshowtheGamesontelevision.變化主要步驟是：把原句的賓語變成主語（代詞賓格要變成主格）；把原句的謂語動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)形式（注意：時(shí)態(tài)不變，新謂語動(dòng)詞與新主語要一致，疑問句要注意助動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換。Willtheyputupnewsportsschoolsinthecomingtwoyears?TheteacherwillnotfindTomhere.Hehasboughtacar.Everyonecanunderstandhisideas.Youmustnottakethesemagazinefromthelibrary.將下列句子變成主動(dòng)語態(tài)：Herbagcannotbefoundanywhere.She Theworldhasbeenchangedbyprinting.卸刷)Printing Anewschoolwillbebuiltnextyear.Theworkers Damingwasn,tchosenfortheschoolteambythem.They 選擇題()1.一Doyouoftencleanyourclassroom?一Yes.Ourclassroomeveryday.A.cleanB.cleansC.iscleanedD.iscleaning()2.Atalkondevelopmentsinscienceandtechnologyintheschoolhallnextweek.A.givenB.willbegivenC.hasbeengivenD.give()3.Hisnewbooknextmonth.A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished()4.一DidyougotoJack,sbirthdayparty?—No,I.A.amnotinvitedB.wasn,tinvitedC.haven,tinvitedD.didn,tinvite()5.Seeinghimrushintotheroomwithtearsinhiseyes,Iaskedhimwhat.A.wouldhappen B.hadhappenedC.happened D.washappened.()6.ThebookBusiness@theSpeedofThought in1999.A.writesB.iswrittenC.wroteD.waswritten.()7.Treesandflowers_everyyeartomakeourcountrymorebeautiful.A.isplantedB.wasplantedC.areplantedD.wereplanted.()8.China7ssportsstarsYaoMingandLiuXiangGoodWillAmbassadors(親善大使)forShanghai.A.hasbeennamedB.havebeennamedC.hasnamedD.havenamed.()9.anewlibraryinyourschoollastyear?A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;builtD.Did;built.()10.Anaccidentonthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened.()11.CottoninthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrown B.aregrownC.grew D.grow.()12.Sofar,themoonbymanalready.A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited.()13.Howmanytreesthisyear?A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted.()14—Whenthiskindofcomputer?—Lastyear.A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used()15.TheGreatWall_aboutallovertheworld.A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown.()16.Twenty-year-oldsshouldnottodriveinChina.A.allowB.beallowC.beallowedD.allowed.()17.Theearthisourhome.Itwell.A.mustbeprotectedB.shouldprotectC.needprotectD.shouldprotected.填空題Ithinkonedaybooksmay(replace)bycomputers.Who(choose)torepresentChina?What(use)tomakepaperinthe19thcentury?Wheretheworld,soldestpaper(discover)?How