2023高考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)與訓(xùn)練-訓(xùn)練16 概要寫作示例與寫作訓(xùn)練06

概要寫作示例與寫作訓(xùn)練6【寫作示例】【原文呈現(xiàn)】閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Muchmeaningcanbeconveyed,clearly,withoureyes,soitisoftensaidthateyescanspeak.Doyouhavesuchkindofexperience?Inabusyoumaylookatstranger,butnottoolong.Andifheissensingthatheisbeingstaredat,hemayfeeluncomfortable.Thesameindailylife.Ifyouarelookedatformorethannecessary,youwilllookatyourselfupanddown,toseeifthereisanythingwrongwithyou.Ifnothinggoeswrong,youwillfeelangrytowardothers’starewithyouthatway.Eyesdospeak,right?Lookingtoolongatsomeonemayseemtoberudeandaggressive.Butthingsaredifferentwhenitcomestostareattheoppositesex.Ifamanglancesatawomanformorethan10secondsandrefusestoaverthisgaze,hisintentionsareobvious,thatis,hewishestoattractherattention,tomakeherunderstandthatheisadmiringher.However,thenormaleyecontactfortwopeopleengagedinconversationisthatthespeakerwillonlylookatthelistenerfromtimetotime,inordertomakesurethatthelistenerdoespayattentiontowhattheformerisspeaking,totellhimthatheisattentive.Ifaspeakerlooksatyoucontinuouslywhenspeaking,asifhetriestodominateyou,youwillfeeldisconcerted.Apoorliarusuallyexposeshimselfbylookingtoolongatthevictim,sincehebelievesinthefalseideathattolookstraightintheeyeisasignofhonestcommunication.Quitethecontrary.Infact,continuouseyecontactisconfinedtoloversonly,whowillenjoylookingateachothertenderlyforalongtime,toshowaffectionthatwordscannotexpress.Evidently,eyecontactshouldbedoneaccordingtotherelationshipbetweentwopeopleandthespecificsituation.【思維路徑】[核心內(nèi)容]本文是一篇說明文，全文共分五段。第一段是此篇文章的總起段，引出”eyescanspeak”這個話題。第二段以在公共汽車上和日常生活中的兩個例子來驗證第一段眼神能夠說話這個話題，并給出一種觀點是不恰當?shù)淖⒁晻鸨蛔⒁暼说膶擂魏驼`解。第三段介紹了一種人們都默許并認可的長久的注視，即男女之間感情的傳達的眼神交流。第四段則轉(zhuǎn)折出談話時人們之間該有的正常的眼神交流方法方式，并再次論證了長久的注視只應(yīng)存在在彼此有好感的男女之間。第五段為本文的總結(jié)收尾段落，眼神交流的方式應(yīng)隨兩個人之間的不同關(guān)系和不同場景而做出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。[寫作思路](1)理清文章脈絡(luò)、概括段落大意。理清文章脈絡(luò)、概括段落大意是寫摘要的基礎(chǔ)，同學(xué)們可以通過找主題句、分析段落的邏輯關(guān)系來梳理文章的脈絡(luò)，概括大意。該文第一段的主題句是eyescanspeak,同時也是整篇文章的中心句；第二，三，四段都是對第一段主題句的解釋和說明。其中第二段主要內(nèi)容為兩個例子，因此沒有明顯的主題句。第三段主題句可以歸納為”looktoolongattheoppositesexisnormalandacceptable”.第四段的中心句為”thenormaleyecontactfortwopeopleengagedinconversationisthatthespeakerwillonlylookatthelistenerfromtimetotime”。第五段為本文總結(jié)段落，簡潔明了，故主題句即為該整個段落中的唯一一句話，”eyecontactshouldbedoneaccordingtotherelationshipbetweentwopeopleandthespecificsituation”.(2)確定表達要點、靈活準確表達。每段的段落大意都是我們要表達的要點，這可以確保不漏點。本文的摘要要把全文第一句作為一個要點，因為它是全文的邏輯起點。在確定表達要點后要思考如何準確靈活表達，這是難點。因為評分標準要求完全使用自己的語言。靈活表達的重要技巧是對原來的語言進行同義替換(paraphrase)，同時要對相關(guān)內(nèi)容進行整合。第一段是總起段，內(nèi)容相對簡單，包含一個要點(要點1)，即“eyescanspeak”。第二段的要點即為兩個例子：”beingstareatinabus”和”beinglookedatformorethannecessary”.但是在寫摘要時沒有必要把例子也寫清楚，所以就可以直接說”twoexamplespointoutthat”(要點2)。第三段中用”but”引出了要點3，注視相同性別的人太久被認為是粗魯和不禮貌的，那么看異性就可以表達為”normalandacceptable”.第四段用however來承接出要點4，即在談話時正常的眼神交流應(yīng)該是怎么樣的，文章中表達為”lookatthelistenerfromtimetotime”,可以paraphrase為”itisalsouncomfortableforpeopletogiveunnecessaryeyecontacttothelistenercontinuously”.最后一段中要點5為文章的總結(jié)性話語，在摘要中體現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵字”relationship”和”situation”即可。[參考范文]Peoplecanconveymeaningsbyeyes(要點1)，buttheywillfeelstrangeiftheywerestaredattoolong(要點2).Infact,onlywhenithappenstotheoppositesex,itwouldbeconsideredasanormalphenomenon(要點3).Besides,inaconversation,itisalsouncomfortableforpeopletogiveunnecessaryeyecontacttothelistenercontinuously(要點4).Therefore,themeetingofeyesdependsonthesituationandtherelationshipbetweentwopeople(要點5).(70words)[范文解析]范文把原文中的被動句要點1替換成主動句式以避免重復(fù)利用原文，并將要點1與要點2用連詞but進行連接。要點3是將原文第三段中的第一句話和第二句話的意思用“onlywhen...”的句式合并成了一個句子。要點4是對另一個特殊場合，即對話時，進行介紹，因此與前幾個要點成并列關(guān)系，故用”besides”來承接。并且在要點4中，用”continuously”替換”fromtimetotime”。要點5是范文的總結(jié)部分，所以用”therefore”連接，并用”italldependson”替換”eyecontactshouldbedone”。[提煉歸納]1.巧用句型巧用句型不僅是原有作文題型中要求的一項提分技能，更是新題型概要寫作中的一項增分且實用的技能。將字數(shù)較多的原文縮寫成60字左右的概要，一個重要的技巧就是學(xué)會運用各種學(xué)過的句型，尤其是從句的使用。范文中的第一句是將原來的兩個簡單句”Peoplecanconveymeaningsbyeyes”和”peoplewillfeelstrangeiftheywerestaredattoolong”合并為一個復(fù)合句”Peoplecanconveymeaningsbyeyes，buttheywillfeelstrangeiftheywerestaredattoolong”,并且在這個復(fù)合句中又巧用了if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，將原文中原本復(fù)雜的例子體現(xiàn)在一個簡短的從句中。因此多使用不同句型的句子不僅能減少字數(shù)的使用，而且能使整個文章更加精致和有內(nèi)容。2.語義轉(zhuǎn)換語義轉(zhuǎn)換(paraphrase)是新題型概要寫作中很重要的一項基本技能，因為評價標準對“使用自己的語言進行觀點的獨立表達”有較高的要求。此外，這也是整個英語學(xué)習(xí)過程中比須掌握的一項交際技能。本范文中我們將“eyecontact眼神交流”表達為“themeetingofeyes”。同時，本文中一直出現(xiàn)的”toolong”和”fromtimetotime”可以轉(zhuǎn)換為”continuously”,三者實際上表達的是一個意思，都說明眼神交流的時間過長或過頻繁。這可以避免重復(fù)原文內(nèi)容，使用不同的語言進行準確的表達?！緦懽餮菥殹?.閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Notalleducationcanandshouldhappenwithintheclassroom.Sometimes,travelingisthebestformofeducation,asstudentscangetanumberofpersonalandeducationalbenefitsfromtravel.Fromlearningaboutotherculturesfirst-handtoseeingwherehistoricaleventstookplacewiththeirowneyes,educationaltravelgivesstudentstheopportunitytodeepentheirunderstandingofart,science,history,andcultureinmanyways.Educationalbecomesawholenewexperiencewhenstudentscanseelotsoftoolsandequipmentforthemselvesbytravelingtodifferentplaces.Thetoolsandequipmentcouldbeusedbyscientistsdecadesorevencenturiesagotomakediscoveriesthatmakeourmodernworldpossible.Educationaltravelbringsthematerialsoffthepagesandintoreality,allowingstudentstoconnectthemselveswiththeminamoremeaningfulway.Nomatterwherestudentsgo,it’salmostguaranteedthatthey’llfindsomekindoffoodthatisuniquetothatplaceordonebetterthananywhereelse.IfsomeonegetsChicago-stylepizzainChicago,they’regoingtohaveadifferenttastingexperiencethantheywouldiftheyweregettingthesametypeofthingin,say,Texas.Atthesametime,gettingchiliinTexaswouldbeawholedifferentexperiencefromgettingchiliinNewYorkorChicago.Studentscanlearnalotaboutaculturebywhattheyeatonadailybasisandwhattheyconsideraspecialmeal,soit’sgoodtotakeatasteofthelocalfoodandlearnthroughallofthesenses.Beingawayfromfamily,home,andfamiliargroundisacourageousandindependentadventureinitsownright.Educationaltravelprovidesthatopportunitytoallowstudentstoopentheirmindsregardinghowtheychoosetolivelife,whichcanbeextraordinarilyhelpfulinpreparingstudentsforcollegeandadulthood.Traveling–withthecombinedsocialskillsandperspectives(視角)itteaches–reallyallowsstudentstobetterunderstandhowtheycanoperateontheirown._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.閱讀短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容寫出一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容摘要.Somepeoplethinkonlyschoolchildrendonotagreewiththeirparents.However,itisnottrue.Communicationisaproblemforparentsandchildrenofallages.Ifit’shardforyoutocommunicatewithyourparents,don’tworryaboutit.Hereissomeadviceforyoutobridgethegenerationgap.Don’targuewithyourparents.Don’ttalkwithyourparentswhenyouareangry.Yourparentsprobablywon’tconsideryourideasifyouareshoutingatthem.Andyoucan’texpressyourselfwellifyouareangry.Gotosomeplacetocooloff.Makesureyouunderstandwhyyouareunhappy.Thenthinkaboutwhatyouwanttosaytoyourparents.Ifyoudon’tthinkyoucanspeaktothematthemoment,trywritingaletter.Trytoreachacompromise.Perhapsyouandyourparentsdisagreeonsomething.Youcankeepyourdisagreementandtryyourbesttoaccepteachother.Michael’smotherdidn’tagreewithhimaboutbuyingamotorcycle.Theyarguedoverit.Buttheyfinallycametoacompromise.Michaelboughtthemotorcycle,butonlydroveitoncertaindays.Ofcourse,yourparentsmightrefusetocompromiseonsomething.Inthesesituations,itisespeciallyimportanttoshowloveandrespecttothem.Showingrespectwillkeepyourrelationshipstrong.Talkaboutyourvalues.Thevaluesofyourparentsareprobablydifferentfromthoseofyourown.Tellyourparentswhatyoucareabout,andwhy.Understandingyourvaluesmighthelpthemseeyourpurposesinlife.Agoodrelationshipwithyourparentscanmakeyouabelterandhappierperson.Itisworthhavingatry._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.閱讀短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容寫出一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容摘要.e-learning:Hazypast—betterfuture?Howmuchofaneffectdoestechnologyhaveonstudents’learning?Asignificantone,itseems,accordingtoexperts.Currentlyavailabletechnologies,themostimportantofwhicharecomputersandtheInternet,apparentlyprovidealearningenvironmentinwhichproblem-solvingandintellectualenquirycanflourish.Theprocessoflearningintheclassroommaybecomesignificantlymoreeffectiveasstudentscandealwithinformationonthecomputer.Orsothetheorygoes.Myownviewpointisratherdifferent,I’mafraid.Computershavebeenaroundfortwodecadesaspartofschoolequipment.Thereare,ofcourse,obstacleslikecoststoovercome,butit’sjustamatteroftimeandeffort.Thisisbecauseschoolshavedonewhateveryorganisationdoeswhenitseesaninnovation—itappliestheinnovationtoitsexistingmodel,whichaddscostbutdoesn’ttransformthestandardclassroom.Wehave,duringthatperiod,spentover$60billiononthem,butinmyviewtheyseemtohavehadlittleornoeffectonlearninginschools.Contentiskingandthemodeofdeliveryisirrelevant.Ifateachermakesthesubjectmatterinteresting,itdoesnotmatterwhat,ifany,equipmentisused.However,changeisonthehorizon.Ithinkstudent-centredlearningwillbecomethenormandtransformeducation.Computerswillpavethewayforfarmoreindependentlearning.Studentswhocurrentlydon’thaveaccesstoschoolsorteachersarenowabletogetonline.Theycanstudyfromhomethankstothefactthatmorelearningprogrammesarebeingwrittenforlearnerswhoareforcedbytheircircumstancestobeself-sufficient.Thiswouldproveespeciallybeneficialinthoseareasoftheworldwherequalityeducationislimitedorextremelyexpensive.Therefore,inafewyears’timewecouldhaveacompletelydifferentconversationabouttechnologyanditsimpactonlearning._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。HowtoDealwithPressuresatSchoolAsahighschoolstudent,ifyouarefeelingstressedoutorfrustratedbyteachers,classmates,orschoolwork，itisimportanttoknowthatyouaren'ttheonlyone.Believeitornot，everyonehasthesefeelingsatsomepoint，andeveryoneshouldlearnhowtodealwiththemproperly.Firstofall，youneedtokeepapositiveattitudeandnottakethingstoheart.Thatsomeonegotabettergradethanyoudoesn'tmeanthattheyaresmarter—perhapstheystudiedlongerorknewthematerialmore.It'seasytobecomefrustratedifyouarenotdoingaswellasyourfriends，butbeingoptimisticwillhelpyoudealwithfuturesimilarsituations.Secondly，ifstudentsatschoolarebullyingyou，knowwhentostandupforyourself.Don'tletotherclassmatesmakeyoufeelthatyouarenotgoodenough.Theyaresimplyinsecureanddonotknowhowtodealwiththepressuresofschool.Theyarejusttryingtomakeothersfeelbad，sotheycanfeelbetteraboutthemselves.Lastly，itisnecessarytokeepthingscorrectly.Foranysituationthatisstressful，takeasecondlookfromadifferentpointofview.WhenIlookbacktothefrustrationsofmyhighschooldays，Inoticethatmanyofthemseemveryunimportanttomenow.It'snoteasytobeconfidentwhentherearesomanystudentswhoseemlikethey"haveitall"，buttrytorealizethatyou,too,aregoodenough.It’snotacompetitionaboutwhoissmarter,morebeautiful—everyoneisdifferent—sobelieveyourindividuality._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要.Speed-readingisanecessaryskillintheInternetage.Wereadarticles,e-mailsandWeChatquickly,tryingtounderstandkeywordsandthemostimportantmeaningofacertaintext.Facedwithsomuchinformationfromoursmartphones,itwouldbeimpossibletodealifwereadwordbyword,linebyline.However,moreandmorepeopleenjoyreadingslowly.ThereisabookclubinWellington,NewZealand,wheremembersmeetinacafeandturnofftheirsmartphones.Theysinkintocomfortablechairsandreadinsilenceforanhour.Unlikeotherbookclubs,thepointoftheslowreadingclubisn’texchangingideasaboutacertainbook,buttogetawayfromsmartphonesandreadinaquiet,relaxingenvironment.Actually,theWellingtonbookclubisjustoneexampleofslow-readingbookclubs.Nowadays,technologyhasmadeusunabletofocusonreading.“Screenshavechangedourreadingpatternsfromthestraightandinformationleft-to-rightordertoawildskimming(略讀)andskippingpatternaswehuntforimportantwordsandinformation.Readingatextwithlinksleadstoweakerunderstandingthanreadinganordinarytext,”saysPatrickKingsleyfromanewspaper.However,slowreadingisgoodforreadersinmanyways.Itsharpensthemind,improvesconcentration,reducesstresslevelsanddeepenstheabilitytosympathize(共鳴).Anotherstudylastyearshowedthatreadingnovelsslowlyhelpspeopleunderstandothers’mentalstatesandbeliefs,afundamentalskillinbuildingrelationships.Aimfor30minutesaday,advisesKelly,aslowreader.“Youcanputinhalfanhourprettyeasilyduringyourfreemoments.Youpickupameaningfulbookratherthanstartyourcomputertolookforyourfavoritesiteforsomethingtopassthetime,”Kellysaid._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案與解析1.【參考范文】Educationaltravelcanprovidestudentswithanumberofbenefits.(要點1)First,educationaltravelmakesthematerialsonthebookreal,whichhelpsstudentsdeepentheirlearning.(要點2)Second,studentscantastevariousfoodsintheireducationaltravel,thushelpingthemknowaboutdifferentcultures.(要點3)Third,educationaltravelencouragesstudentstobemoreindependentandbraver,whichdoesgoodtotheirfuture.(要點4)(60words)【解析】本篇考查的作文類型是概要寫作。文章的主要結(jié)構(gòu)為總-分-總。主要講教育旅游可以為學(xué)生提供許多好處，并具體說明了這些好處是什么。符合概要寫作常規(guī)出題思路。第一段講述教育旅游可以為學(xué)生提供許多好處?？梢杂玫降脑~匯或句型有：providesb.withsth.,anumberof,benefits等。第二段講述教育旅行使書本上的材料真實，幫助學(xué)生加深他們的學(xué)習(xí)?？梢杂玫降脑~匯或句式有：materials,deepen,helpsb.dosth.等。第三段主要講學(xué)生可以在他們的教育旅行中品嘗各種食物，從而幫助他們了解不同的文化?？梢杂玫降脑~匯或句式有：taste,various,knowabout,differentcultures等。第四段講了教育旅游鼓勵學(xué)生更加獨立和勇敢，這對他們的未來有好處。可以用到的詞匯或句式有：encouragesb.todosth.,independent,dogoodto等?！靖叻志湫鸵弧縁irst,educationaltravelmakesthematerialsonthebookrealbecauseeducationaltravelhelpsstudentsdeepentheirlearning.首先，教育性旅行使書中的材料變得真實，因為教育性旅行幫助學(xué)生加深了他們的學(xué)習(xí)。運用because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句?！靖叻志湫投縎econd,studentscantastevariousfoodsintheireducationaltravelsothateducationaltravelcanhelpthemknowaboutdifferentcultures.第二，學(xué)生可以在他們的教育旅游中品嘗各種食物，這樣教育旅游可以幫助他們了解不同的文化。運用sothat引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。2.【參考范文】Problemsbetweenparentsandchildrenalwaysexist,Herearesomesuggestions.Firstavoidtalkingtoyourparentswhenyouareangry.Besides,tryyourbesttoacceptyourparent.Andalsoimportantly,tellyourparentswhat'sinyourmindandwhatyouvalue.Inthiswayyoucannarrowthegapbetweenyouandyourparentsandbeahappyperson.【解析】這是一篇議論文，文章描述了父母和孩子之間存在的問題，并給出了3點建議。第一步：概括每個段落的大意第一段主要說明了父母和孩子之間的問題在各個年齡都會有，并開始給出幾點關(guān)于代溝溝通的建議。可以用Problemsbetweenparentsandchildrenalwaysexist,Herearesomesuggestions.表示。第二段給出第一個建議，第一句就給出了主旨句子Don’targuewithyourparents.Don’ttalkwithyourparentswhenyouareangry.當你生氣的時候不要和父母爭吵，可以用避免和父母爭吵表達，即avoidtalkingtoyourparentswhenyouareangry。第三段和第四段給出第二個建議：和父母達成妥協(xié)，即tryyourbesttoacceptyourparent.第五段給出第三個建議：告訴父母你的價值觀和心中所想，即tellyourparentswhat'sinyourmindandwhatyouvalue.最后給出總結(jié)：和父母之間友好的關(guān)系才能讓你變得開心，即Inthiswayyoucannarrowthegapbetweenyouandyourparentsandbeahappyperson.第二步：連句成篇(銜接詞)1.表文章結(jié)構(gòu)順序：Firstofall,Firstly/First,Secondly/Second…Andthen,Finally,Intheend,Atlast2.表并列補充關(guān)系：Whatismore,Besides,Moreover,Furthermore,InadditionAswellas,notonly…but(also),including,3.表轉(zhuǎn)折對比關(guān)系：However,Onthecontrary,but,Although+clause(從句),Inspiteof+n/doing,Ontheonehand…,Ontheotherhand…Some…,whileothers…,asfor,so…that…4.表因果關(guān)系：Because,As,So,Thus,Therefore,Asaresult連句成文，注意使用恰當?shù)倪B詞進行句子之間的銜接與過渡，書寫一定要規(guī)范清晰3.【參考范文】Althoughexpertssaymoderntechnologyhasasignificanteffectonclassroomlearning,thewriterholdsadifferentview.Schoolshaveinvestedmuchtoapplycomputersintheirclassroomteaching,butithasn’tchangedtheclassroomteachingbecausewhatteachersteachismoreimportant.Butcomputersmakeitpossibleforthosewithnoaccesstoschooltostudyontheirown.【解析】這是一篇概要寫作。寫作步驟1)細讀原文。首先要仔細閱讀短文，掌握文章主旨。文章說明了盡管專家說現(xiàn)代技術(shù)對課堂學(xué)習(xí)有顯著的影響，作者卻持有不同的觀點。學(xué)校投入了大量資金將計算機應(yīng)用到課堂教學(xué)中，但這并沒有改變課堂教學(xué)，因為老師教什么更重要。但是計算機使那些不能上學(xué)的人能夠自學(xué)。2)弄清結(jié)構(gòu)，歸納段意。概要寫作是寫全文概要，不是寫某一部分的概要，或者就某些問題寫出要點。因此一定要弄清文章結(jié)構(gòu)，歸納文章各段大意。3)列出原文要點。分析原文的內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)，將內(nèi)容分項扼要表述并注意在結(jié)構(gòu)上的順序。在此基礎(chǔ)上選出與文章主題密切相關(guān)的部分。4.【參考范文】Everyhighschoolstudentfeelsfrustratedatschoolsometimesandit’snecessarytolearnhowtohandleit.Optimisticattitudescheeryouupwhenyouarenotdoingwellinstudies.Bebravewhenothersbullyyouduetotheirownlackofconfiden