2022-2023年山東省德州市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總（含答案）

2022-2023年山東省德州市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總（含答案）學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

Daydreamingcanbeagoodwayofrealizingone'screativepotential.

A.YB.NC.NG

2.Whatistheonehugeproblemthatwehaven'treallysolved?

A.Globalwarming.

B.Acidrain.

C.Toxicemission.

D.Environment.

3.Whentalkingaboutrunning,theauthorsuggeststhatpeoplewhohadsomediseases______.

A.giveuprunning

B.runatalowerpace

C.runattheirwill

D.seekmedicaladvice

4.

Drinkplentyoffluidsisparticularlyimportantforelderlypeoplewhohaveafever.

A.YB.NC.NG

5.

TsunamiwarningcentersinJapan,Kamchatka,Alaska,Hawaii,FrenchPolynesia,andChilearesetupinordertoissuewarningsabouttsunamisthat______.

6.

Asaresult,hisdoublelifeminedhisteachingcareer.

A.YB.NC.NG

7.

InApril1995,makesthe______.

8.

______amongthemostdevastatingcausesofpersonalcomputerdestruction.

A.Thunderboltis

B.Housefiresandfloodsare

C.Powersurgesare

D.Kids'rearrangingdatais

9.Toreducethedamageofbooksinaroomwithwindows,youhaveto______.

10.

Conflictisregardedasamarkerof________________bycollectivistswhileacceptedasunavoidablebyindividualists.

11.

Theauthormaintainsasthemarketsdistributeothergoodsthroughouttheeconomyandcostsomethingtheycanbeseenas______.

12.PassageOne

TourismisoneofthelargestindustriesintheUK--worthapproximately＄127.9billion.Itemploysmorethan1.5millionpeople(7percentofallemployment)inhotels,restaurants,pubs,travelagencies,museumsetc.

MasstourisminEnglandbeganinthesecondhalt'ofthenineteenthcentury,duringtheVictorianPeriod.Seasideholidayswereparticularlypopular.

Abouttwenty-fivemillionpeoplenowvisitEnglandeveryyear.Theycomefromallovertheworld.NearlyallofthemstartinLondon,andsomenevergooutofthatgreatcity.

PeoplevisitEnglandformanyreasons.Somereturntodiscovertheirfamilyroots,havingoriginatedfromhere.Otherscometoseethewidevarietyofhistoricalbuildingsortosampletheheritageandtraditionsthatwehavesomuchof.

Englandhasmuchtooffer,wonderfulandverydifferentcountrysidefromregiontoregionandalsoawidevarietyofculture.ItisalsooftenusedasasteppingstonetotherestofEuropeaswearesocloseandtraveliseasy.

TherearethebeautifuluniversitycitiesofOxfordandCambridge,thewonderfulDorsetcoast,andtheLakeDistrict,StonehengeandWindsorCastle.

PassageTwo

LONDONFridayMarch15(ReutersHealth)--Despitethepublicperceptionthatcyberspaceisashallowandsometimeshostileenvironment,loverswhomeetthroughInternetchatroomsmayactuallyendupformingstrongrelationships,aresearcherreportedFridayattheBritishPsychologicalSocietymeetinginBlackpool.

Oncepotentialpartnersmeetface-to-face,therelationshipmaythrivebecausetheyfeeltheyalreadyknoweachotherwellthroughtheironlineencounters,saidDrJeffreyGavin,alecturerinpsychologyattheUniversityofBath.

Contrarytoexpectations,mostchatmomusersdon'ttotallymisleadonlinepartnersabouttheirlooksandshape.Instead,theyjusttellafewwhiteliesabouttheirheight,orthecoloroftheirhair,hesaid.

"Chatroomsdon'tleadtoshallowandimpersonalrelationships,"GavintoldReutersHealth."TheyleadtoreallycloserelationshipsbecausepeopleexpressthemselvesmorefreelyandaremoreopenandhonestontheInternet.

Gavincametothisconclusionaftercarryingoutin-depthinterviewswith42regularchatmomusersranginginagefrom19to26.

"Whattendstohappenisthat,whentheymeet,it'safairlysmoothtransitionfromonlinetooff-linebecausetheyknoweachothersowell,"saidGavin.

Thelateststudysuggestscyberspacemayhavesomeconsiderablebenefitsinhelpingnewrelationshipsform.

Theinterviewsshowedpeopleroutinelyliedaboutthemselvesonline,butinmostcasesrileywereminormisrepresentationsratherthanoutrightfabrication.Interestingly,thislittlebitofdishonestyseemedtoencouragechatroomuserstothenbemoreemotionallyexplicitandintimate.

"Theystillseemtocomplytothesocialnormsaroundthebody,"Gavinexplained."Sotheguystendtomakethemselvessoundblondandblue-eyed,whilethewomenaddabitofblondtotheirhair.It'sme12ofthemtoldoutfightliesbuttherestjustexaggeratedslightly."

Gavinsaidofthe42volunteershestudied,29reportedclosefriendshipsorromanticrelationshipswithpeopletheymetonline,with21progressingtoface-to-facemeetings.

"ThiswasmorethanIexpectedandthesetendedtosettleintoregularrelationships.Onecoupleevenbecameengagedtobemarried,"henoted.

PassageThree

LEGEND:

+DiedinofficexResignedfromPresidency

++Assassinatedinoffice&

A.YB.NC.NG

13.

PeopletellliesuntheInternetbecauseofthefollowingreasonsexceptthat______.

14.

Infact,theprocessofgivingupdrugaddictionforadeterminedpersoniseasierthanwhathethought.

A.YB.NC.NG

15.

ChinesearethemostsuccessfulbusinessgroupinAsia.

A.YB.NC.NG

16.

Whatisnotsaidtobeawayofcleaningupafterourselves?

A.Throwlessaway.

B.Designrecycledproducts.

C.Don'tuseitagain.

D.Lastlonger.

17.

TheMilkyWaybegantoform.about11.billionyearsearlierthanEarth.

A.YB.NC.NG

18.

ManycriminalsinEnglandweresentto______becausetheywerenot"goodcitizens".

19.Beijing2008:TheFirst4GWirelessOlympicGames?

Abouthalfamillionyearsago,PekingmanlivedinZhoukoudian,inthesouthwesternsuburbsofwhatisnowBeijing.IfyouhavebeentoBeijingmorerecently,orareatallfamiliarwithmodernChina,thenyouknowthisancientcityisgoingtohostthemostmodern,high-techOlympicGameseverin2008.Withtechnologyavailabletoday,andavisionforwhatBeijingcouldbein2008,thereisanopportunityforthehoststomakethecity'stelecommunicationsinfrastructure--inthewordsoftheOlympicmotto—"swifter,higher,stronger".ThePathto4G

Beijinghasthegoodfortuneoflookingatpreviousgenerationsofwirelessnetworksandavoidingthesamemistakesasitpreparesfor2008.FirstGeneration(1G)wirelesstelecommunications—thebrick-likeanalogphonesthatarenowcollector'sitems—introducedthecellulararchitecturethatisstillbeingofferedbymostwirelesscompaniestoday.SecondGeneration(2G)wirelesssupportedmoreuserswithinacellbyusingdigitaltechnology,whichallowedmanycallerstousethesamemultiplexedchannel.But2Gwasstillprimarilymeantforvoicecommunications,notdata,exceptsomeverylowdata-ratefeatures,likeShortMessagingService(SMS).So-called2.5GallowedcarrierstoincreasedatarateswithasoftwareupgradeatthebasetransceiversStations(BTS),aslongasconsumerspurchasednewphonestoo.ThirdGeneration(3G)wirelessoffersthepromiseofgreaterbandwidth,basicallybiggerdatapipestousers,whichwillallowthemtosendandreceivemoreinformation.

Allofthesearchitectures,however,arestillcellular.Cellulararchitectureissometimesreferredtoasa"stararchitecture',becauseuserswithinthatcellaccessacommon,centralizedbasestation.Theadvantageisthatgivenenoughtimeandmoney,carrierscanbuildnationwidenetworks,whichmostofthebigcarriershavedone.Someofthedisadvantagesincludeasingularpointoffailure,noleadbalancing,andspectralinefficiencies.Thesinglebiggestdisadvantagetocellularnetworksgoingforwardisthatasdataratesincrease,outputpowerwillhavetoincrease—orthesizeofthecellswinhavetodecrease—tosupportthosehigherdatarates.Sincesignificantincreasesinoutputpowerscarebothconsumersandregulators,itisfarmorelikelythatwewillseesignificantlysmallercells.Thiswillfurtherreducethereturnoninvestmentinalreadyfragile3Gbusinessplans.

FourthGeneration(4G)wirelesswasoriginallyconceivedbytheDefenseAdvancedResearchprojectsAgency(DARPA),thesameorganizationthatdevelopedthewiredInternet.Itisnotsurprising,then,thatDARPAchosethesamedistributedarchitectureforthewirelessInternetthathadprovensosuccessfulinthewiredInternet.Althoughexpertsandpolicymakershaveyettoagreeonalltheaspectsof4Gwireless,twocharacteristicshaveemergedasallbutcertaincomponentsof4G:end-to-endInternetProtocol(IP),andpeer-to-peer(點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn))networking.AnallIPnetworkmakessensebecauseconsumerswillwanttousethesamedataapplicationstheyareusedtoinwirednetworks.Peer-to-peernetworks,whereeverydeviceisbothatransceiver(收發(fā)機(jī))andarouter(路由器)forotherdevicesinthenetwork,eliminatestheweaknessofcellulararchitectures,becausetheeliminationofasinglenodedoesnotdisablethenetwork.Thefinaldefinitionof"4G"willhavetoincludesomethingassimpleasthis:ifaconsumercandoitathomeorintheofficewhilewiredtotheInternet,thatconsumermustbeabletodoitwirelesslyinafullymobileenvironment.

Let'sdefine"4G"as"wirelesscollaboratedpeer-to-peernetworking".4Gtechnologyissignificantbecauseusersjoiningthenetworkaddmobilerouterstothenetworkinfrastructure.Becauseuserscarrymuchofthenetworkwiththem,networkcapacity

20.(9)

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.(34)

A.TheywereimportedfromEuropeancountries.

B.Theymigratedfromdistantcolonies.

C.Theyweredomesticatedfromlocalwildbreeds.

D.Theyweretheresultofacarefulbreedingprogram.

22.(29)

A.Moneyisproofofone'svalue.

B.Moneyisameansinsteadofanend.

C.Makingmoremoneyismeaningless.

D.Moneycangivegreathappiness.

23.聽(tīng)力原文：W:ThereportsaysthatalldepartmentsaremakingprofitexcepttheAsianDepartment.

M:Well,Mr.Smithseemstobethewrongpersontoheadthatdepartment.Onemorewrongstepandhewillberemovedfromthatoffice.

Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?

(17)

A.Mr.Smithwillbereplacedifthemakesanothermistake.

B.Mr.SmithisanadmirablechiefoftheAsianDepartment.

C.Mr.Smith'sdepartmentismoresuccessfulthanalltheothers.

D.Mr.Smithisseldominhisoffice

24.聽(tīng)力原文：Tosucceedinajobinterview,youshoulddemonstratecertainpersonalandprofessionalqualities.Youneedtocreateagoodimageinalimitedtime,usuallyfrom40to70minutes.Youmustleaveapositiveimpressionwhichtheinterviewerwillrememberwhileheinterviewsotherapplicants.

Youshouldespeciallypayattentiontosomequalitiesduringtheinterview.Firstofall,youshouldtakecaretoappearproperlydressed.Therightclotheswornattherighttimecanwintherespectoftheinterviewerandhisconfidenceinyourjudgment.Itmaynotbetruethatclothesmaketheman,butthefirstandlastimpressionofyoursisdeterminedbytheclothesyouwear.Secondly,youshouldreflectconfidencebyspeakinginaclearvoice,loudenoughtobeheardwithoutbeingaggressive.Youshouldbepreparedtotalkknowledgeablyaboutthepositionyou'reapplyingfor.Finally,tobereallyimpressive,youmustconveyasenseofself-confidenceandanenthusiasmforwork.Ifyoudisplaythesecharacteristicswithjustalittleluck,you'llcertainlysucceedinatypicalpersonalinterview.

(33)

A.Lessthan40minutes.

B.From40to70minutes.

C.Atleast40minutes.

D.Morethan70minutes.

25.(22)

A.Acceptthejobofferfromthebookstore.

B.AcceptthejobofferfromIBM.

C.IntheholidayworkinIBMandinthenextschoolyearworkinthebookstore.

D.Giveupbothoffersandfindanotheroneinthenextschoolyear.

26.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

(12)

A.Becauseshefeelsveryhotintheroom.

B.Becauseshewantstoavoidmeetingpeople.

C.Becauseshewantstosmokeacigaretteoutside.

D.Becauseshedoesn'tlikethesmellinside.

27.(18)

A.Shedoesn'tlikestandingsoclose.

B.Shecan'thearclearly.

C.Shecan'twatchtelevisionclearly.

D.Shewashurtbythelight.

28.(21)

A.Shealreadyhasausedcar.

B.Shelovesherdearoldcar.

C.Shedoesn'ttrustused-cardealers.

D.Shethinksusedcarscosttoomuchinmaintenance.

29.【B5】

30.

【B6】

31.

【B2】

32.聽(tīng)力原文：W:Billisapersonwhoisveryshyandquiet.Herarelysaysathing.Ijustcan'tbearwithhimsometimesashespeakstoolittle.

M:Oh,buthisbrotherJerryisjusttheopposite.

Q:WhatdoyouknowfromthisconversationaboutJerry?

(18)

A.Jerryhasanopencharacterandisverytalkative.

B.Jerryisveryshyandquiet.

C.JerryrarelysaysathingabouthisbrotherBill.

D.Jerrynevermeanswhathesays.

33.聽(tīng)力原文：W:Iheardyou'removingtoanewapartmentsoon.

M:Yes,Ihaveto,althoughit'llbemoreexpensive.MypresentroommateplayshistaperecorderallnightlongandIcan'tsleep.

Q:Whydoesthemanwanttochangehislivingplace?

(14)

A.Hisroommate'staysawakeallnight.

B.Hewanttoplayhisrecorderatnight.

C.Thepresentoneistooexpensive.

D.Thepresentoneistooexpensive.

34.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽(tīng)力原文：W:I'msorryyoufailedthephysicscourse,Todd.

M:Let'sfaceit.I'mjustnotcutouttobeascientist.

Q:WhatdowelearnaboutTodd?

(12)

A.He'supsetbecausehehascuthimself.

B.Hecan'tfacethephysicsinstructoranylonger.

C.Hewantsthewomantocutoutsciencecourses.

D.Hedoesn'thavetheabilitytobeascientist.

35.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

聽(tīng)力原文：Rightnow￡4millionhasbeenspenttargetingBritain'spartydrinkers.Ahard-hittingcampaignofadvertswarnsthatexcessivedrinkerscouldriskhorrifyingconsequences,andtherecouldbehealthwarningsonbottlesofwine,orspirits.Thisisthegovernment'sfirstnationalalcoholawarenessmovement.Anactorinareportercostumeprovidesthedrama,theHollywoodentertainermanthendeliverstheshockfactor.Despitetheinevitablethought,thepunchlineissurprisinglypermissive.

"Drink,haveagoodtime!Butknowyourlimits!"Theintendedaudiences,consumersarcinthe18to24agerange.Thisiswhattheyoungpeoplethemselvesaresaying,thisiswhatwouldmakeadifferencetothebehavior.ofpeoplewhenthey'vehadtoomuchtodrink.Don'tthinkyou'reunbeatable,knowyourlimits.Don'tpretendtobebrave.Whataboutthisthen?TheDepartmentofHealthtoldustheyareabout6monthsawayfromputtinghealthwarningsonindividualcansandbottles.Butthedrinksindustrywouldn'taccepthard-hittingmessageslikethis.Wearemorelikelytoseeslogansaskingustobehavesensibly.

Still,majorresearchconductedthissummerproducedahighlyskepticaloverviewofstrategieslikeadvertisingandwarninglabels.Usingworldwidescientificresearch,thereportgivesascoreofZEROwithregardtoeffectiveness.Butitgoesontosaythatthesetechniquesdohaveasurprisingconsequencesincemediaapproachesareimportanttogainpublicsupportforpolicychanges.Sotheresearcherssaytheadsmaynotconvinceustodrinkless,butthereisevidencethattheysoftenitupforfuturegovernmentinitiativeslikestricterdrink-drivinglaws,highertaxesonalcohol,orrestrictionsonthesaleofalcohol.

Rightnow￡4millionhasbeenspenttargetingBritain'spartydrinkers.Ahard-hitting【B1】______ofadvertswarnsthatexcessivedrinkerscouldriskhorrifying【B2】______,andtherecouldbehealthwarningsonbottlesofwine,orspirits.Thisisthegovernment'sfirstnationalalcohol【B3】______movement.Anactorinareporter【B4】______providesthedrama,theHollywoodentertainermanthen【B5】______theshockfactor.Despitetheinevitablethought,thepunchlineissurprisingly【B6】______.

"Drink,haveagoodtime!Butknowyourlimits!"The【B7】______audiences,consumersarcinthe18to24agerange.Thisiswhattheyoungpeoplethemselvesaresaying,thisiswhatwouldmakeadifferencetothebehavior.ofpeoplewhenthey'vehadtoomuchtodrink.Don'tthinkyou're【B8】______,knowyourlimits.Don'tpretendtobebrave.Whataboutthisthen?【B9】______.Butthedrinksindustrywouldn'taccepthard-hittingmessageslikethis.Wearemorelikelytoseeslogansaskingustobehavesensibly.

Still,【B10】______.Usingworldwidescientificresearch,thereportgivesascoreofZEROwithregardtoeffectiveness.Butitgoesontosaythatthesetechniquesdohaveasurprisingconsequencesincemediaapproachesareimportanttogainpublicsupportforpolicychanges.Sotheresearcherssaytheadsmaynotconvinceustodrinkless,【B11】______likestricterdrink-drivinglaws,highertaxesonalcohol,orrestrictionsonthesaleofalcohol.

【B1】

36.(26)

A.ToputthehomeworkonDon'sdesk.

B.ToleavethemasterkeyforDon.

C.TogiveDon'sstudentsthenextassignment.

D.TocallDonattheendoftheafternoon,

37.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽(tīng)力原文：PublictelevisioninAmericagrewoutofthemanylocalstationsthatbroadcasteducationalprogramsinthe1950s.In1967CongresspassedthePublicBroadcastAct.ThegoalofthislawwastoprovideeducationalprogramsforallAmericans.Thereisamajordifferencebetweenpublictelevisionandcommercialtelevision.(26)Commercialtelevisionprogramsarepaidforbycompaniesthatadvertisetheirproductsorservicesduringtheprogram.Publictelevisionprogramsdonothavesuchadvertisingmessages.Anotherdifferenceisthatcommercialtelevisionispressuredbyadvertiserstobroadcastprogramspopularwithhugegroupsofpeople.Theseincludecomediesandgameshows.Publictelevisiondoesnotfacesuchpressures.(27)Itcanbroadcastprogramsofinteresttosmallergroupsofpeople.Theseprogramsareoftenmoreunusual,creativeandexperimentalthanprogramsbroadcastoncommercialtelevision.

PublictelevisioninAmericapresentsmanykindsofprograms.Therearenewsandopinionprograms.Therearefilmsaboutsocialandhistoricalevents.Andthereareshowsaboutscienceandnature.(28)Thereareshowstoteachpeoplehowtocook,growvegetablesorfixahouse.TherearemanydramaprogramsproducedinBritain．Andthereareprogramsthatpresentthemusic,danceandtheaterofAmerica.

SomanylocalAmericanpeopleenjoythepublictelevision,mostofthetime,theyspentthedayortheirleisuretimeonitandalsogottheinformationfromtheprogrammes.

(27)

A.Thegovernment.

B.Companiesthatadvertisetheirproductsorservices.

C.Hugegroupsofaudiences.

D.Asmallergroupofpeople.

38.(27)

A.Hisgeneralhealthwillbenefitgreatly.

B.Hewillbegintobreathemoreregularly.

C.Hewillloseweightreadily.

D.Hisflexibilitywilldecrease.

39.聽(tīng)力原文：M:Isthisthetimetogetthatgreatnewjob?Isthisthetimetosellorbuyanewhome?WellourfinancialcontributorMellodyHobsonhasconsultedalltheexpertsincludingherselfandshe'sgotsomeanswersthismorning,Mellody,Goodmorning.

W:Goodmorning.

M:Allright,houses.Isitthetimetobuyorsellahouse?

W:Well,actually,housinglookslikeit'sgoingtobeabust.Thehousingsalesforthismonthweredown1.7%.That'sthesecondmonthinarow.Andthemarketsheadedforacorrectionoradropinprices.Andit'simportanttoknowthatmortgagerateshavebeenup,sothat'soneofthebigreasonsthatit'sslowingdownbuying.Andontopofthattheotherbigindicatormortgageapplicationsaredown.Actuallylastweekmortgageapplicationshitathree-and-a-half-yearlow.Sowhatdoesallthismean?Ifyouareabuyer,Ithinkyouaregonnafindsomebargainsoutthere.

M:Ok!Itispuzzledtoboththenbythemiddleoftheyearyoureallyfindbargains.Allright,yourjobs,isthisgonnabetheyeartolookforanewjobbecausethey'regonnabeavailableoristhisayearinwhichmorepeopleagainwillgetlaidoff.

W:Thisisgoodnewsonthejobfront,inNovember215,000jobswereadded,that'supfrom44,000inOctober.Decemberlooksgood.Companiesouttheresaythey'replanningtohireinthefirstquarterofthisyearandtherearestilljobsshortagesincertainareaslikefinance,healthcareandconstruction.

M:Greattogetsomeoptimisticnews.Allright,Mellody,thanksagainandhaveagreatweekend.

(23)

A.Therewillbeaboominhousing.

B.Thehousemarketwillsufferdepression.

C.Thebankwillexertpositiveinfluenceonhousing.

D.Itwillhitathree-and-a-half-yearlow.

40.

【B9】

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

Youshouldbereadytoacceptitifyourwesternpartnerasksyouto______.

42.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

It'sabrandnewworld--aworldbuiltaroundbrands.Hard-charging,noise-making,culture-shapingbrandsareeverywhere.They'reonsupermarketshelves,ofcourse,butalsoinbusinessplansfornetworkcompanystartupsandinthenamesofsportscomplexes.Brandsareinfiltrating(滲透)people'severydaylives--bystickingtheirlogosonclothes,inconcertprograms,onsubwaystationwalls,eveninelementaryschoolclassrooms.

WeliveinanageinwhichCBSnewscasterswearNikejacketsontheair,inwhichBurgerKingandMcDonald'sopenkiosks(小亭)inelementaryschoollunchrooms.Butasbrandsreach(andthenoverreach)intoeveryaspectsofourlives,thecompaniesbehindtheminvitemorequestions,deeperscrutiny--andaninevitablebacklashbyconsumers.

"Ourintellectuallivesandourpublicspacesarebeingtakenoverbymarketing--andthathasrealimplicationsforcitizenships"saysauthorandactivistsNaomiKlien."It'simportantforanyhealthyculturetohavepublicspace--aplacewherepeoplearetreatedascitizensinsteadofasconsumers.We'vecompletelylostthatspace."

Sincethemid-1980s,asmoreandmorecompanieshaveshiftedfrombeingaboutproductstobeingaboutideas.Starbucksisn'tsellingcoffee;It'ssellingcommunity!Thosecompanieshavepouredmoreandmoreresourcesintomarketingcampaigns.

Topayforthosecampaigns,thosesamecompaniesfiguredoutwaystocutcostselsewhere,forexample,byusingcontractlaborathomeandlow-wagelaborindevelopingcountries.Contractlaborersarehiredonatemporary,per-assignmentbasis,andemployershavenoobligationtoprovideanybenefits(suchashealthinsurance)orlong-termjobsecurity.Thissavescompaniesmoneybutobviouslyputsworkersinvulnerablesituations.IntheUnitedStates,contractlaborhasgivenrisetoso-calledMcJobs,whichemployersandworkersalikepretendaretemporary--eventhoughthesejobsareusuallyheldbyadultswhoaretryingtosupportfamilies.

Themassiveexpansionofmarketingcampaignsinthe1980scoincidedwiththereductionofgovernmentspendingforschoolsandformuseums.Thismadethoseinstitutionsmuchtoowilling,eveneager,topartnerwithprivatecompanies.Butcompaniestookadvantageoftheneedsofthoseinstitutions,reachingtoofar,andoverwhelmingthecivicspacewiththeirmarketingagendas.

Howcanbrandsinfiltratepeople'sdailylife?

A.Byhavingtheirlogosprintedinpeople'clothes.

B.Byhavingtheirbrandsreachinginprimaryschools.

C.Byfindingmeanstoputtheirproductsonsupermarketshelves.

D.Byputtingrelativeinformationoftheirproductsonpublicplaces.

43.

Aforger'mustsellhisworktopeoplewhodon'thavemuchknowledgeinthefieldinsteadof______.

44.

WhatdidtheauthorlearnfromwhatshesawinAscot?

45.

Theword"project"(Line2,Para.4)refersto______.

A.acomprehensivestudyofjuveniledelinquency

B.afullexplorationofresearchdesigns

C.anextensiveresearchoncrime

D.afurtherinvestigationintonewresearchtechniques

46.NetVizorcancreateacopyofwhattheemployeeisseeingbycatching______.

47.

Thepurposeofthetransgenicengineeringresearchisto______.

A.getpigsoflargersizeinashortertime

B.makesowsproducemoremilk

C.makecowsproducemoremilk

D.makepigsgrowmoreleanmeat

48.

Privatizationandthe"businessmodel"inthispassagemostprobablymean______.

A.potentialmenacetolife

B.newfeaturesofcampuslife

C.newtrendoncampus

D.dependenceonindustryandcharities

49.

InEnglandacandleisusedtobumatauctionsales______.

A.becausetheauctionsalestookplaceatnight

B.asasignalforthecrowdtogather

C.tokeeptheauctionroomwarm

D.tolimitthetimewhenoffersofpricescouldbemade

50.OnDecember21st,justintimefortheseasonalfestivities,theBushadministrationraisedtheterroralertfrom"elevated"to"high".Thisisthefifthtimethatthealerthasbeenraisedto"codeorange"—butitlooksasifitcouldbekeptatthislevelforquitesometime.Officialsseemedtobemorenervousthanusual,sinceunlikepreviousdecisionstoraisethethreatlevel,thisonewasapparentlyunanimousamongofficialsintheUnitedStatesDepartmentofDefense.Askedwhetherthealertwas"trulyserious",DonaldRumsfeld,thedefensesecretary,