2022-2023年湖南省湘潭市大學(xué)英語6級(jí)大學(xué)英語六級(jí)

2022-2023年湖南省湘潭市大學(xué)英語6級(jí)大學(xué)英語六級(jí)學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

Donottrytomakethetaglinetrendy,becausesuchlinedareoften______.

2.

Defendingthemselvesagainstattack,testpreparationcompaniessaytheircoursesarebasedon______.

3.Theauthor'sexperienceinBangkokshowsthat______.

A.therestoftheworldprovestobeextremelyrisky

B.peopleshouldnotbeafraidofvisitingothercountries

C.thelocalsareunawareofthesecretpoliticalprotests

D.thenewshelpspeoplestayawayfromdangerousplaces

4.

Oftenassociatedwithcrudeoil,naturalgasisprincipallymadeupof__________________andotherhydrocarbongases.

5.

Becauseeachclassweteachhasitsown______,CLTwillvaryeachtimeweemployit.

6.InternetUsersTurnAddicts

Ifyou'reanInternetuser,youknowwhoyouare.Theyareamongallofusinsociety,althoughmanymaychoosenottoacknowledgethattheytoo,frequentlyusetheInternet.AsIsithereandlookacrossthestreet,Iseeamaninfrontofhisowncomputer;thescreenglowingagainstthewindowbehindhim.Hedoesnotusehispersonalcomputerforwork,heisafarmer.Hehasbecomewhatisknownasan"InternetJunky".

Theaddictionbeginsinnocently.Atthestart,youarenotevenawareofthepossibilitiesthatmayform.fromyourexcessivecomputeruse.Youbegintotakeanavidinterestine-mailingwithyourfriendsandfamily.Oncethenoveltyofkeepingintouchwithyourcolleagueswearsoff,andresearchingstartstoboreyou,youmaypossiblyexpandyourcomputerusagetochatting.Yes,chatting.Itissomethingthatisbecomingmoreacceptableinourlives,butitisstilllookeddownuponbymanyskeptics.ChattingthroughtheInternetinvolveschoosinganappropriatenicknameforyourself—forexample,Fisherman—andthenfindingaroomwhereyoufeelcompelledtospendtimein.Onceyou'veenteredtheroom,otherfellowchattersmaysay,"Hello...a/s/1(age/sex/location)please."

Andsobeginstheaddiction.Onceyoubecomeinvolvedinmeetingpeopleonline,itisdifficulttobreaksuchahabit.Youmayevenmakeadailyhabitofit.Peoplehavebeenfoundtocarryoutexactlythesamebehavior,notonlyacrossthenation,butacrosstheglobe.Inanyoneroom,youmaycomeacrosspeoplefromfivedifferentcountriesoftheworld.Granted,noteveryonewhostaysonlineforhoursonend,areenvelopedinchatting,butitismoreoftenthannot,thecauseforInternetAddictionDisorder(IAD).

TheprevalenceofInternetAddictionDisorderhasbeenincreasinginnumber,henceasupportgroup,amongmanytheInternetAddictionSupportGroup(IASG)hasbeendeveloped.IAD,a"maladaptive"patternforInternetuse,isleadingtoimpairmentand/ordistresscausedbythree(ormore)ofthefollowing,atanytimeinaperiodofoneyear:

-AneedformarkedlyincreasedmountsoftimeonInternettoachievesatisfaction;

-MarkedlydiminishedeffectwithcontinueduseofthesameamountoftimeonInternet;

-ReductioninInternetusewhichhasbeenprolonged.

SymptomsofInternetAddictionDisorderinclude:

-Psychomotoragitation;

-Anxiety;

-ObsessivethinkingaboutwhatishappeningonInternet;

-FantasiesordreamsaboutInternet;

-Voluntaryorinvoluntarytypingmovementsofthefingers.

Thesesymptomsbegintocauseconflictinsocial,occupational,oranotherimportantareaoffunctioning.Peoplewhobecomeaddicted,usetheInternettorelieveoravoidwithdrawalsymptoms,whicharesimilartothosebroughtonbythehaltofdruguse.Thedisorderisrecognizedbythe"persistentdesire"or"unsuccessfulefforts"tominimizetheInternetuse.

OnJune14,1998,ABCnewsreportedthatan"Internetcrazed"Cincinnatiwomanwasarrestedforneglectingherthreeyoungchildren.Thewomanreportedlyspent12hoursstraightonline,whileherhungrykidswerelockedawayinaroomsoshecouldbeonlinewithoutinterruption.

TheInternetisrapidlybecominganaddictivesourcetoalotofitsusers.UsersoftheInternetinclude:students,housewives,andbusinessprofessionals.Someoftheseusersspendaminimumofthirty-eighthoursperweekonthe"net";hence,losingtouchwithrealityandreekinghavocontheirstudies,familylives,andeventheircareers.Basedonlevelofaddiction,therearethreegroupsofInternetaddicts:

-the"I'm-not-addicted-users";

-the"I-only-use-it-when-I-have-to-users";

&nb

A.YB.NC.NG

7.

ZedaRosenberghasanassumptionthatthelatestmicrobicidesdon'tcausemanysideeffectsbyreasonthatthebodysystem______.

8.

ManycriminalsinEnglandweresentto______becausetheywerenot"goodcitizens".

9.

Childrenshouldlearnmoreresponsibilityfortheirhealththroughclassesin______.

10.

Peopletendtousecaloriewhenreferringtofoodkilocalorie.

A.YB.NC.NG

11.

ManyAmericanorganizationsgobankruptcybecauseofimitatingthecodeofJapanese.

A.YB.NC.NG

12.

Themostprobablecauseofdepressionisthatitisanimbalancein______.

13.

Somebusinessmenhavefoundit______byputtingusersintovideo-game-likevirtualworlds.

14.

It'ssaferforyoutofishoutandholdthecardinhandbefore______.

15.

Recruitersdevote______,sometimesseveraltimesaday,withtheirquarry.

16.

AccordingtoStatisticsCanada,mostCanadianseniorsover65______.

A.movetotheirchildren'splace

B.liveindependentlyuntiltheydie

C.joinmeaningfulprivately-sponsoredactivities

D.becometheresponsibilityofthegovernment

17.

Consumerswouldliketotakeinlesscaloriessofoodmanufacturersoftenprintasmallercalorienumberonafoodpacket.

A.YB.NC.NG

18.

Televisionhas______onpeople'scharacter.

A.apositiveeffect

B.anegativeeffect

C.noeffect

D.sbeneficialeffect

19.

Dr.Schweitzerwasabletosettletheargumentbecausehewasthejudgethere.

A.YB.NC.NG

20.WhichkindofcompaniesdotheKellyServicescontactwith?

A.Bothmulti-nationalandsmalllocalcompanies.

B.Listedcompanies.

C.Smallerlocalcompanies.

D.Internationalenterprise.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Advertisingisacollectivetermforpublicannouncementsdesignedto【B1】______thesaleofspecificcommoditiesorservices.Advertisingisaform.ofmassselling,employedwhentheuseofdirect,person-to-personsellingis【B2】______impossible,orsimplyinefficient.Itistobe【B3】______fromotheractivitiesintendedtopersuadethepublic,suchas【B4】______,publicity,andpublicrelations.Advertisingtechniquesrangein【B5】______fromthepublishingofsimple,【B6】______noticesinpaperstotheconcerteduseofnewspapers,magazines,television,radio,directmail,andothercommunicationsmediainthecourseofasingleadvertisingcampaign.Fromits【B7】______beginningsinancienttimes,advertisinghasbecomeaworldwideindustry.

AdvertisingfallsintotwomainCategories:consumeradvertising,directedtotheultimatepurchaser,andtradeadvertising,inwhichtheappealismadetodealersthroughtrade【B8】______andothermedia.

【B9】______.Arelativelyminor,butimportant,form.ofadvertisingisinstitutionaladvertising,whichisdesignedsolelytobuildprestigeandpublicrespectforparticularbusinessconcerns.【B10】______Nationaladvertisersoccasionallysharethesamespaceinmagazineadvertising.

Advertisingmaybelocal,national,orinternationalinscope.【B11】______:varyingratesaresetalsobynewspapersforamusement,legal,political,financial,religious,andcharitableadvertisements.

【B1】

22.(46)

23.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽力原文：M:Now,whatseemstobethetrouble,Mrs.Stephens?

W:I'vebeenverydizzylately,andlastnightIhadsomechestpain.

Q:What'stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?

(12)

A.Husbandandwife.

B.Doctorandpatient.

C.Teacherandstudent.

D.Doctorandnurse.

24.(31)

A.ItisunfortunatethatsomuchattentionisbeingpaidtoyoungpeopleintheUnitedStates.

B.Olderpeopleshouldtrytounderstandthethoughtsandfeelingsoftheyouth.

C.Manyproblemstodayarecausedbythoseparentswhowouldnotcontroltheirchildren.

D.Theyoungpeopleoftodayaremainlyinterestedinenjoyinglife.

25.(32)

A.Saws,choppers,axes,tongs,hooks.

B.Axes,saws,choppers,tongs,hooks.

C.Choppers,axes,saws,hooks,tongs.

D.Axes,saws,choppers,hooks,tongs~

26.(28)

A.Happy.B.Depressed.C.Angry.D.Cheerful.

27.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

聽力原文：哈德遜河的歷史

TheearlyEuropeansettlementswerealongoneofourwell-knownriverswhich(36)emptiesintotheAtlantictoform.NewYorkbay．TheHudsonriverhasa(37)coupleofinterestingfeaturesthatmadeitveryattractiveforsettlementbytheEuropeans．Thefirstisthattheriver(38)extends.inlandfromtheAtlanticOceanformorethan150mileswithnowaterfallsor(39)rapids.Itssurfaceis(40)virtuallyflatforthatentiredistance,withnoobstacles.Second,thewhole150milestretchisinfluencedbytidesfromtheAtlanticOcean.(41)Roughlyeverysixhours,theriver(42)reversesdirection,flowingnorthwhenthetideis(43)risingandsouthtowardtheoceanwhenthetideisgoingdown.

(44)ObviouslytherewerenoobstacletopreventsettlerfrommovingfurtherupstreamontheHudsonriver.andthisexplainswhytheDutchpenetratedsofarinland.TheywerethefirstEuropeanstosettleintheHudsonvalley.Ofcourse,togoupstream,theDutchsettlersneededthefightkindofboat,andsotonavigatetheriver,theydesignasloopwithonlyonemastbutwithtwosails,oneriggedinfrontofthemastandonebehind.(45)Themastwasverytall,inmanycasesover100feettall,sothatthelargesailscouldcatchwindsblowingabovetheshorelinehills.Hudsonriversloopscarriedpassengersandcargo.Thecargorangedfromcoal,lumberandhaytofruit,vegetablesandlivestock.Travelingonlytenmilesanhourinagoodwind,thesloopwasnottoospeedybymodernstandards,butitwasideallysuitedtotheDutchsettlements,and(46)infactwhenthesteamboateventuallywasintroduced,itcouldn'tkeepupwiththesloop.

TheearlyEuropeansettlementisalongoneofourwell-knownrivers--which【B1】______intotheAtlantictoform.NewYorkbay.TheHudsonriverhasa【B2】______ofinterestingphysicalfeaturesthatmadeitveryattractiveforsettlementbytheEuropeans.Theflintisthattheriver【B3】______inlandfromtheAtlanticOceanformorethan150milewithnowaterfallsor【B4】______.Itssurfaceis【B5】______flatforthatentiredistance,withnotides.Second,thewhole150-milestretchisinfluencedbytidesfromtheAtlanticOcean.【B6】______everysixhours,theriver【B7】direction,flowingnorthwhenthetideis【B8】______andsouthtowardtheoceanwhenthetideisgoingdown.

【B9】______________________________andthisexplainswhytheDutchpenetratedsofarinland.TherewerethefirstEuropeanstosettleintheHudsonvalley.Ofcourse,togoupstream,theDutchsettlersneededtherightkindofboat,andsotonavigatetheriver,theydesignasloopwithonlyonemastbutwithtwosails,oneriggedinfrontofthemastandonebehind.【B10】__________________.Hudsonriversloopscarriedpassengersandcargo.Thecargorangingform.coal,lumberandhaytofruit,vegetablesandlivestock.Travelingonlytenmilesanhourinagoodwind,thesloopwasnottoospeedybymodemstandards,butitwasideallysuitedtotheDutchsettlement,【B11】__________________________.

(37)

28.(14)

A.Anapartmentbuilding.

B.Astadium.

C.Atheater.

D.Arace-track.

29.(25)

A.Aheavysmoker.

B.Alightsmoker.

C.Achain-smoker.

D.Asecond-handsmoker.

30.聽力原文：W:Anyplansforyoursummervacation?

M:Yes.I'mgoingtotravelwithmyfriendsfromHongKong.We'llprobablyleaveinmid-JulyandcomebackatthebeginningofSeptember.

Q:Howlongwillthemantravel?

(13)

A.Onemonth,

B.Onemonthandahalf.

C.Twomonths.

D.Twomonthsandahale

31.(29)

A.Becauseabelltowerwastobebuiltonthesite.

B.Becauseitwasfoundunsafe.

C.Becauseaparkinglotwastobeconstructedthere.

D.Becausenoonewantedtopreserveit.

32.

【B5】

33.聽力原文：W:John,canyouhelpme?Icouldn'tworkoutthismathproblem.

M:I'msorry.Youcanhardlyexpectmetodothat.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(18)

A.Hedoesn'tthinkhe'lldothat.

B.Hefindsitdifficulttodothat.

C.Hehasnotimetodothat.

D.Heknowsnothingaboutmath.

34.(21)

A.Heisstartingthecourselate.

B.Thesubjectisdifficultforhim.

C.Theprofessorisveryreserved.

D.Thebookisdifficulttoread.

35.聽力原文：M:MyparentswanttocometovisitnextweekendbutI'vecheckedeveryhotelintheareaandtheyallseemtobefull.

W:Well,whynotcalltheCliffsideInn?It'snotsonearthecampusbutit'salwaysgotafewvacancies.

Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?

(17)

A.Findahotelnearbyagaininafewdays.

B.Accommodatehisparentsinhisdormitory.

C.Askhisparentsnotcomeuntilhefindsaproperhotel.

D.Phoneahotelfartherfromthecampusforareservation.

36.聽力原文：F:Whatamorning!Mytrainusuallytakes45minutes,buttodayittookmeoveranhourtogettocampus.

M:Isawsignsinthestationthatconstructionwillbegoingonforthenextthreemonths.

Q:Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?

(16)

A.Thesituationoftherailservicewillbethesametomorrow.

B.Thewomanisintimeforherclass.

C.Themandrivestouniversity.

D.Thetrainstationisabouttobeshutdown.

37.

【B8】

38.

【B7】

39.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽力原文：SalesoflaptopcomputerspasseddesktopsintheU.S.forthefirsttimeeverthisfall,accordingtomarket-researchfirmIDC.Butthat'sbadnewsforbacks,necksandshoulders."Theoretically,laptopsarenothealthyforhumanbodiesunlessyou're2feettall,"saysphysicianNormanJ.Marcus,amuscle-painspecialistinNewYorkCity.

(26)Whenyouworkatacomputer,thekeyboardshouldbeatelbowheight,soyourupperandlowerarmsform.anangleof90degreesormoreandyourforearmsaresupportedbyarmrests.Themonitorshouldberoughlyateyelevelsoyoucanleanbackinachairwithbacksupport.Butmostuserssimplysettheirlaptopsonadeskortable.Thekeyboardistoohigh,whichmakesyourarmsreachup,yourshouldershunchandyourwristsbenddown.Themonitoristoolow,whichpullsyourheadandneckforwardanddownandputsastrainonyourback.

That'sOKifyouuseyourlaptopoccasionally,forshortperiods.(27)Butifyouuseoneforhoursatastretch--asdomillionsofcollegestudents,businesstravelers,telecommuters,video-garnersandgrowingnumbersofofficeworkers--you'resettingyourselfupformuscleproblemsthatcanmakeyourentireupperbodyhurt.

Awrongpositioncancausepainandstiffnessintheneck,shoulders,backandarms,aswellasheadaches.(28)Therearesimplewaystomakealaptophealthier.Andthekeyistoseparatethekeyboardandthemonitor,soeachcanbeplacedattheproperheight.

(27)

A.Therapiddevelopmentoflaptops.

B.Thebenefitsofhavingalaptop.

C.Rightpositionbeforealaptop.

D.Howtokeepalaptoprunefficiently.

40.聽力原文：Themodernsailingshipwasdevelopedbyamanwhoneverwenttosea.HewasPrinceHenryofPortugal,theyoungersonofthePortugueseKingandanEnglishprincess.

PrinceHenrylivedinthe15thcentury.Asaboyhebecamedevotedtothesea,andhededicatedhimselftoimprovingthedesignofshipsandthemethodsofsailingthem.In1416,Henryfoundedaschoolformariners,towhichheinvitedeveryonewhocouldhelphim--Jewishastronomers,ItalianandSpanishsailors,andArabmathematiciansandmapmakerswhoknewhowtousethecrudecompassofthedayandimproveit.

Henry'sgoalwastodesignandequipvesselsthatwouldbecapableofmakinglongoceanvoyageswithouthavingtohugtheshore.Thecaravelcarriedmoresailandwaslongerandslimmerthananyshipthenmade,yetwastoughenoughtowithstandgalesatsea.Healsodevelopedthecarrack,whichwasaslowership,butonethatwascapableofcarryingmorecargo.

ToPrinceHenrytheworldowescreditforthedevelopmentofcraftthatmadeoceanicexplorationpossible.Helivesinhistoryas"PrinceHenrytheNavigator".

(30)

A.Tohelpmariners.

B.Toimproveshipdesignandsailingmethods.

C.Tostudyastronomyandmathematics.

D.Toimprovehisownskillasasailor.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

Theword"logged"(Line4,Para.5)mostprobablymeans"______".

A.presetB.enteredC.processedD.simulated

42.

Thecommerce______.

A.wasanimportantelementinbuildingtheRenaissanceculture

B.keptthepeopleincitiesalivewithfoodandclothes

C.broughtabouttheexchangeofideas

D.wasalwaysprosperousbetweencitystates

43.

Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying"therehasbeenaconsiderablechangeofattitudetowardsspeechsnobbery"?

A.PeopleallspeakEnglishlikeBBCannouncers.

B.ThereisagreatchangeofattitudeabouthowEnglishshouldbespoken.

C.Somepeoplestillthinktheirwayofspeakingissuperior.

D.Mostpeopledon'tbelievetheirwayofspeakingissuperior.

44.

Comparedwiththecrow,GenusEumenusseemstodisplaythenumbersense______ratherthanconsciously.

45.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

OnesummermywifeChrisandIwereinvitedbyfriendstorowdowntheColoradoRiverinaboat.Ourexpeditionincludedmanyhighlysuccessfulpeople-thekindwhohavestaffstotakecareoflife'sdailywork.Butinthewilderrapids,allofusnaturallysetasideanypretensesandputoutbacksintoverystroketokeeptheboatfromtumblingover.Ateachnight'sencampment,weallhauledsuppliesandcleaneddishes.Afteronlytwodaysintheriver,peopleaccustomedtobeingspoiledandindulgedhadbecomeateam,workingtogethertocopewiththeunpredictabletwistsandturnsoftheriver.

Ibelievethatinlife-aswellasonboattrips-teamworkwillmakeallourjourneyssuccessfulones.Therhythmsofteamworkhavebeentherhythmsofmylife.Iplayedbasketballalongsidefamousplayers,andtheteamInowcoach,theNewYorkKnicks,hasrecoveredfromyearsofadversitytobecomeamajorcontenderinthe1990s.

I'mpersuadedthatteamworkisthekeytomakingdreamscometrue.Weallplayonanumberofteamsinourlives-aspartofafamily,asacitizen,asamemberofanagreement,writtenorunwritten.Itcontainsthevaluesandgoalsforeveryteammember.

Forexample,inthelate1970saGeneralMotorsplantinFremont,Calif,wasthesceneofconstantwarfarebetweenlaborandmanagement.Distrustransohighthatthelaborcontractwashundredsofpagesoftrickylegalterms.GMspentmillionstryingtokeepthefacilityuptodate,butproductivityandqualitywerecontinuallypoor.Absenteeismwassooutofcontrolthattheproductionlinecouldn'tevenstartuponsomemornings.Finallyintheearly1980s,GMshutdowntheplant.

GMbecameconvincedthatithadtocreatenewproductionsystemsbasedonteamwork.Inthemid-1980sitreopenedtheFremontplantwithToyota,startingfromscratchwithamuchsimplerandshorterlaborcontract.Itpromisedthatexecutivesalarieswouldbereducedandjobsperformedbyoutsidesellerswouldbegiventoemployeesbeforeanylayoffswereconsidered.Overahundredjobclassificationswerecuttojusttwo.Insteadofdoingoneboringjoboverandover,workedagreedtobepartofsmallteams,spendingequaltimeonvarioustasks.

Accordingtotheauthor,thehighlysuccessfulpeopletravellingwithhimwere______.

46.

Accordingtothepassage,manycareerwomenfindthemselvesindifficultsituationsbecause______.

A.thevarietyofprofessionalclothingistoowideforthemtochoose

B.womenaregenerallythoughttobeonlygoodatbeingfashionmodels

C.menaremorefavorablyjudgedformanagerialpositions

D.theyarenotsuretowhatextenttheyshoulddisplaytheirfemininequalitiesthroughclothing

47.

Howshouldbook-sellersdo?

A.Theyshouldbothsufferforalongtimeandsatisfycustomers'wishes.

B.Theyshouldbothendureandindulgeforalongtime.

C.Theyshouldbebothtenderandlenient.

D.Theyshouldbebothpatientandkind.

48.

______isnotmentionedasanimportantfactorwhenanmchooseshismatt.

A.Appearance

B.Liveliness

C.Academicbackground

D.Socialstatus

49.

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthetheoreticalfoundationoficeboxshouldbethat______.

50.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Eachculturehasitsownform.ofacceptablegreetingbehavior,usuallybasedonthelevelofformalityfoundwithinthesociety.Therulesofsocialdistanceetiquette(禮節(jié))varybyculture.Africans,forex-ample,arefarless(47)______intheirgreetingsthanEuropeans.Expectawarmphysicalgreeting,anex-tendedhandshakeorahandontheshoulderinmostAfricancultures.Alsoexpecttobeaskedhowyourtripwasandhowyourfamilyisdoing.Thetraditionoflonggreetingsstems(48)______thetimewhenAfricansoncewalkedmilestovisitneighboringvillagesonsocialcalls.Thearrivalandagushing(說話滔滔不絕的)greetingwasconsideredthe(49)______avillagercoulddoforatraveler.Don'tbeimpatientwithsuchalongdrawn-out(冗長(zhǎng)乏味的)(50)______anddon'tburrythingsalong.Rather,getintothespiritandappreciatethatthepersonyoucametoseeispreparedtotakethetimetosincerely(51)______aboutyourwelfare.

InArgentina,greetingsareusuallyeffusive(過分熱情的)withplentyofhuggingand(52)______,notunliketheFrenchfairelabise(kissonbothcheeks).Thisiseventhecaseinbusinessmeetings,unlesstheyareofahighlyformalnature.InArgentina,menkisswomen,womenkisswomen,(53)______mendonotkissmen.BycontrasttheChinesewayofgreetingshuns(回避)thephysical.Itis(54)______anodoraslightbow.However,whendealingwithindividualsfromcultureswheremoredirectphysicalcontactisthenorm,e.g.,ahandshake,theChinesewill(55)______andshakehands.Don'tinterpretasofthand-shakeorlackofeyecontactasasignofweaknessorlackofaggression.ItsimplymeansthatyourChinesecolleagueis,notoverly(56)______tophysicalcontactwhengreetingastranger.

WordBank:

A.fromI.investigate

B.structuredJ.touching

C.butK.used

D.generallyL.least

E.expeditionM.exchange

F.inquireN.chance

G.adaptO.involved

H.kissing

51.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Ideasabout"spoiling"childrenhavealwaysinvolvedconsiderationofwhataspoiledchildis,howspoilingoccurs,andwhattheconsequencesofspoilingare;theyhavealwaysincludedconceptsofachild'snatureandconceptsoftheidealchildandtheidealadult.

Themanymothersof1820whobelongedtotheearly"maternalassociations"struggledtoupholdtheideasaboutchildraisingthathadbeenprevalentintheeighteenthcentury.Theyhadalwaysbeentoldthatthespoiledchildstoodindangerofhavingtroublelaterinlife(whenexposedtothetemptationsoftheworld)and,moreimportantly,stoodindangerofspiritualruin.

Atfirst,theonlyapproachthesemothersknewwasto"breakthewill"ofthechild.Thisapproach,cominginitiallyfromthetheologyofCalvin,theFrenchProtestantreformer,wasinheritedfromthesternoutlookofthepuritans.Asonemotherwrote,"Nochildhaseverbeenknown,sincetheearliestperiodoftheworld,destituteofanevildisposition—howeversweetitappears."Infantdepravitycouldbecurbedonlybybreakingthewillsothatthechildsubmittedimplicitlytoparentalguidance.

In1834,amotherdescribedthistechnique:uponthefather'sorder,her16-month-olddaughterhadrefusedtosay"DearMama",sothetoddlerwasleftaloneinaroomwhereshescreamedwildlyfortenminutes.Thenthechildwascommandedagain,andagainsherefused,soshewaswhippedandorderedagain.Thiscontinuedforfourhoursuntilthechildfinallyobeyed.Parentscommonlyreportedthatafteronesuchtrialof"will",thechildbecamepermanentlysubmissive.Inpassing,wecannotethatknowledgeaboutachild's"No"periodmighthavemoderatedthediscip