建筑電氣畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯及譯文_第1頁
建筑電氣畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯及譯文_第2頁
建筑電氣畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯及譯文_第3頁
建筑電氣畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯及譯文_第4頁
建筑電氣畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯及譯文_第5頁
已閱讀5頁,還剩20頁未讀, 繼續(xù)免費(fèi)閱讀

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)

文檔簡介

嶄Estima耐tesof均theO計(jì)perati扣onalR犯eliabi彈lityo攪fFire族Prote充ction藏System孫s扶Forth沒epast閣three禁year哀s他,坡theNa添tional萌Insti目tuteo者fStan肥dards價(jià)andTe封chnolo壘gy(NI勻ST)ha話sbeen棕worki裳ngto艇develo禿pane渠wencr訪yption夏stand渾ardto蕉keep濤govern柿menti修nforma遲tions摩ecur蝶e設(shè).普Theor枝ganiza殃tioni炊sint赴hefin晌alsta獎(jiǎng)gesof斤anop耍enpro甚cesso李fsele點(diǎn)cting昂oneor僻more滴algori城thm搭s異,竟ordat容a-scra醬mbling勾formu扁la禍s管,忌forth臺(tái)enew鈴Advanc佳edEnc麥ryptio夾nStan玩dard(暫AES)a液ndpla擴(kuò)nsto貨makea魔decisi堡onby透lates音ummer桂orear甜lyfal純l沒.增Thest哀andard慨issl擊atedt估ogoi糞ntoef眼fectn持extye庫a婆r漏.瞞妥R(shí)ichar數(shù)dW.B煮ukowsk懸i襲,扭P.E.義Senior溝Engin懶eer斃MSTBu扭ilding違andF野ireRe什search置Labor釋atory誰Gaithe慈rsburg靜,虜MD208天99-864傅2USA考Edward切K.Bu活dnick障,扒P.E.能,終and壘壓逮C敵hristo毀pherF準(zhǔn).Sche鎖me1藏ViceP長reside括nt頑吊豈恐棵養(yǎng)Chemic義alEng壩ineer急Hughes灶A(yù)ssoc毀iates世,韻Inc賀玩所肌H慨ughes輔Associ修ates匯,洗Inc.淡Baltim英ore載,儉MD212幅27-165徑2USA立冰朵匠Balti稅more團(tuán),框MD21貓227-16緣52USA允區(qū)護(hù)爹隔諷INTROD來UCTION姿惰Backgr毫ound倍Firep懷rotect掙ionst看rategi饑esare框desig掀nedan較dinst限alled吩toper時(shí)forms足pecifi把cfunc匪tions.衫Fore近xample予,腔afire倦sprin站klers好ystem是isexp豎ected貨tocon之trolo禁rexti阿nguish褲fires倦:配Toac指compli親shthi數(shù)s惡,夜thesy衛(wèi)stems醫(yī)prinkl扇ersmu耽stope棵n紗,啊andth律erequ恩ireda告mount蔬ofwat磨erto礎(chǔ)achiev亡econt嶄rolor茄extin派guishm委entmu隙stbe柔delive己redto努thef掉irelo舌cation球.Af販irede蹦tectio收nsyst裹emis搏intend貸edto導(dǎo)provid觀esuff伍icient細(xì)early贊warni京ngof易afire鞭鑰toper隆mitoc鋼cupant散notif尺icatio兆nand舉escape調(diào),滑fires奧ervice瘋診notifi衛(wèi)cation仙,棍andin娃some某cases拒activa巴tiono歉fothe斯rfire遇prote詠ction鞭featur往es(e.紡g.母,度specia何lexti絮nguish炮ingsy填stems焰,股smoke漆manage事ments捕ystems禍).Bot意hsyst找emact秘ivatio軌n(det確ection綁)and嗽notifi桿cation智(alar奉m)mus您toccu誠rtoa床chieve須early噸warni宇ng.Co往nstruc弦tionc處ompart計(jì)mentat潔ionis醉gener命allyd朱esigne銹dtol健imitt的heext城entof總fire饞spread炕aswe俊llas燕tomai脖ntain做thebu附ildin擴(kuò)g網(wǎng)’投sstru欄ctural兇integ璃ritya身swell儉aste展nabili打tyalo戰(zhàn)ngesc辟apero究utesf固orsom拒espec畫ified謙period恰ofti罵me.In秤order度toac望compli宏shthi山s也,潮theco劃nstruc丙tionf等eature兔smust哈befi婆re泳恰“誘rate礎(chǔ)d替”熊(base轎dons凡tandar耕dtest濾s)and腿thei外ntegri胸tyof變thefe沿atures課maint煌ained.壩Ther廉eliabi茫lityo哄findi芒vidual謝fire展protec淹tions鞠trateg券iessu涼chas需detect痛ion廢,絕automa伙ticsu冊ppress即ion輔,五andco記nstruc怒tionc商ompart驟mentat瞞ionis率impor鳴tanti泡nputt日odeta覆ilede視nginee鉛ringa孔nalyse濾sasso運(yùn)ciated醉with料perfor謙mance唱based還design捆.In輔thec押ontext球ofsa格fetys膝ystems局,何there尿arese厭veral倍elemen等tsof已reliab脖ility喇,孟includ強(qiáng)ingbo外th表滋operat申ional縣and拴陸perfor旦n報(bào)zzs愁ancer芝eliabi燙lity.楚Operat初ional袋reliab尼ility第provid寄esam殿easure糕ofth真eprob丘abilit岔ythat損afir政eprot消ection虹syste評mwill保opera渴teas騾intend支edwhe碎nneed篩ed.P嫩erform給ancer懲eliabi瞎lityi垃same圓asure即ofthe作adequ陪acyof李thef暗eature雪tosu醋ccessf特ullyp蔑erform綱itsi緣ntende談d釋完hnctio悔nunde長rspec遣ificf流ireex貝posure栽condi倉tions.哭The喪former濾isa母measur士eofc暢ompone篩ntor殿system留opera該bility素while肅thel臉atter肚isam來easure樸ofth曲eadeq蒼uacyo貴fthe投system送desig慈n.誕Thesc已opeof許this享study糾wasli嶺mited紡toeva訓(xùn)luatio應(yīng)nofo郵perati爭onalr抹eliabi康lityd煮uepri萌marily塊toth攝eform產(chǎn)ofth饅erepo姜rtedd騎atain銜thel優(yōu)iterat廳ure.I華naddi迅tiont床othis燒disti暢nction善betwe曉enope融ration啊aland謎perfo仰rmance誰relia炕bility互,有thesc罪opefo旗cused矛onunc溝onditi肌onale代stimat混esof仗reliab瑞ility飄andfa邀ilure充estima震tesin蕉terms泥offai昌l-dang蠶erous丸outcom玉es.A框discus數(shù)siono埋fthes陸eterm候sisp賞rovide蘿dlate冒rint鼠hepap壟er.Scope廚Thisp鞭aperp撐rovide撓sare涌viewo脹frepo耐rtedo運(yùn)perati挨onalr附eliabi據(jù)litya肺ndper寄forman喝ceest貍imates件for(濤1)fir爺edete雨ction雞,綱(甜2)aut痕omatic摸suppr贏ession款,淺andto何alim殿itede傳xtent濁(3)co歇nstruc泡tionc抗ompart鷹mentat倉ion.光渡Ingen挪eral毒,們there晨ported蜘estim臣atesf程orfir巷edete釣ction籌arela嗽rgely開forsm穿okede建tectio極dfire傲alarm網(wǎng)system落s;aut氣omatic仗sprin飲klers漢compri腔semos怒toft摔hedat信afor貫automa修ticsu滋ppress母ion掏,除andco妄mpartm諷entati夏oninc換ludes老compar磚tment秒firer裁esista嫩ncean伴dencl輸osure蒼integr答ity.I傍tshou涌ldbe糊noted佳thati里nsome杰cases繡thel鴨iterat攔uredi太dnot毛deline丸atebe找yondt向hegen寶eralc灘ategor寄iesof梨更“奶fired鹿etecti寒o奸n朋”罷or巴怎“棟automa疼ticsu學(xué)ppress際ion劣,滋”堤requi業(yè)ringa模ssumpt松ionsr員egardi既ngthe虜speci喊ficty沃peof豐firep備rotect雕ionsy交stem.士Severa麗lstud蚊iesre務(wù)ported形estim厭ateso抬freli枕abilit擋yfor守bothf袖irede宜tectio忙nand撓automa厘ticsp豎rinkle島rsyst饅emstr設(shè)ategie咱s.How唯ever董,野veryl鄙ittle寸inform跟ation駝wasfo輔undde夸tailin趨greli班abilit朋yesti解mates地forpa壟ssive申firep想rotect床ionst印rategi李essuc援hasc敵ompart斤mentat顆ion.A蝶limit斬edsta說tistic武albas且edana耳lysis功waspe棉r(nóng)forme們dtop宰rovide么gener轉(zhuǎn)alized拔infor砌mation欣onth陸erang圖esof包suche槽stimat骨esand永relat躬edunc款ertain鹿ties.謎Thisl憲atter致effort棗wasl移imited判toev當(dāng)aluati銜onof揚(yáng)report天eddat杯aond命etecti交onand蛙suppr喂ession叼.Insu帳fficie能ntdat億awere燙ident蓄ified主oncom躬partme柏ntatio候nreli剩abilit度ytob榴eincl茄uded.兆Thisp縮apera究ddress獵esele脖ments加ofrel錯(cuò)iabili技tyas拐theyr柿elate包tofir坦esafe鄙tysys甚tems.賽Theli顆teratu嚷resea奴rchth矮atwas己perfo閑rmedf潤orthi六sanal暮ysisi科srevi歪eweda零ndimp肅ortant銹findi窄ngsan旬ddata貪厘summar顧ized.都Theda躺tafou禿ndin往theli牢teratu捷retha牌twere物appli縫cable夠tospr賺inkler回ands拍moke額斤detect皂ionsy辛stems避reliab滾ility征werea鼻nalyze淋d障,誦withd訓(xùn)escrip飛tivee量stimat梳esof蓮theme芬anval池uesan元d95p臨ercent諷confi誠dence擦interv燈alsfo床rthe用operat棵ional變r(jià)eliab運(yùn)ility郊o(jì)fthe靠sein磚situs蚊ystems雖repor宰ted.矛ELEMEN肢TSOF遙RELIAB呼ILITY淚ANALYS膏IS覺There要iscon易sidera接b芹l趁evari貍ation彎inrel澡iabili業(yè)tydat弟aand嚼associ督ateda食na房l睛yses堵肆report勸edin毯theli愛teratu扶re.Ba茄sicall咐y吸,炊reliab此ility爐isan詳estima歐teof洽thepr聚obabil牙ityth胡atas除ystem恭orcom目ponent怎will婆operat筋easd政esigne工dover莫some口timep尋eriod.邀Durin裙gthe避useful補(bǔ)orex橡pected句life倒ofac違ompone甩nt仇,白thist氣imepe型riodi壯s蹄晉“丙rese亮t驕”只each螞timea蹄compo銅nenti缸stest圈edand釋found散tobe臨inwo腸rking福order.諒There改fore供,喊themo垃reoft的ensys得temsa趴ndcom漂ponent辟sare倘tested飾andm大aintai似ned什,快themo粱rerel余iable壩theya兄re.Th奮isfor劇mofr錘eliabi往lityi驟srefe遲rredt孝oasu瞇ncondi搜tional躲.濕Uncond販itiona皂lreli皆abilit母yisa航nesti肢mateo拿fthe諒probab巨ility下thata竿syste譯mwill嗎opera照te蘋門“灌ondem劃and敵.炕”草Acon眾dition艱alrel襪iabili類tyis臥anest膀imate提t(yī)hatt堪woeve混ntsof毛conce剝r(jià)n暖,士i.e.厚,色afire憑ands握uccess障fulop購eratio查nofa翁fire少safety桃syste父moccu華ratt遠(yuǎn)hesam稅etime塑.Reli密abilit皺yesti佩mates和thatd娛onot渡consid闊eraf挎ireev裕entpr騰obabil洪ityar慘eunco史nditio訴nales末timate栗s.泄Twoot次herim葡portan煮tconc驗(yàn)eptsa數(shù)pplied暫toop寺eratio瘦nalre讓liabil獻(xiàn)ityar膏e經(jīng)共fuiled海-safe攻and存熄failed信-dang朋erous.的效whena尤fire婆safety儀syste正mfail攤ssafe截,趕itope峰rates說whenn州ofire允event蔽haso都ccurre桌d.Ac競ommon柜exampl扇eist艘hefal裙seala茶rming結(jié)ofas隊(duì)moked糠etecto闖r.Af芬iresa先fetys或ystem穗fails解danger名ouswh忌enit姜doesn劫otfun辯ction惹during詢afir寫eeven賣t.蓬留Inthi捉sstud適y行,騙the發(fā)容failed冷-dange鐮rouse歡ventd木efines司theO賭perati誓onalp恩robabi倘lityo銷ffail后ure(1收-relia泡bility籠estim竊ate).貞Aspri樂nkler犁system中noto爭perati換ngdur鼓inga配firee屢vento呢rano欺perati趁ngsys謊temth為atdoe莊snot酬contro竹lore舍xtingu座isha雹firea鋸reexa樸mples贏ofthi微stype松offa盛ilure.喘援Theov摟erall板reliab驅(qū)ility懂ofas債ystem江depend輝sont杯h(huán)erel溫iabili墨tyof兩indivi虜dualc趕ompone蕉ntsan細(xì)dthei林rcorr父espond亡ingfa北ilure倘rates窩,刪thein普terdep塊endenc蛙iesof隙thei紗ndivid乳ualco蜘mponen末tstha李tcomp騙oseth慰esyst拐em脅,箭andth扣emain革tenanc弱eand撓testin拉gofc機(jī)ompone螞ntsan揮dsyst慧emson陜ceins戲talled豬tove砍ri@op枯erabil滅ity.A弊llof巨these吳factor白sare價(jià)ofcon詞cerni駕nesti襯mating溝opera愛tionaz矛relia面bility驢.撥Fires職afety公system會(huì)perfo控rmance廟isal返soof卵concer遲nwhen盆deali宮ngwit罷hthe熄overal冊lconc腿eptof渾relia截bility劉.Sys瞧tempe和rforma英nceis臨defin帖edas墳theab晚ility耳ofap鑄articu遇larsy地stemt譯oacco卸mplish趟thet辜askfo沸rwhic撈hitw涌asdes王igned茄a(bǔ)ndin銹stalle音d.Fo泰rexam蝴ple禽,叼thepe兇rforma愛nceof畫afir哀erate領(lǐng)dsepa址ration炸isba些sedon喉thec日onstru坡ction數(shù)compon奮en甘t信’香sabil榨ityto曾remai桿ninta老ctand原provi速defir杠esepa飲ration稱durin值gafi慘re.Th挎edegr剃eeto廈which爐these悅compon敗entsp距revent沉fire壽spread倘acros售sthei愛rinte昆ndedb詳oundar葉iesde測fines凡system控perfo充rmance條.采Perfor斯mance阻reliab刻ility還estima楊tesre錘quire荒datao且nhow趙wells鵲ystems蠟accom耗plish淡their引design蒙task可under燒actual增fire棉events笨orfu掀llsca銜letes膚ts.I僵nforma按tiono描nperf表ormanc權(quán)ereli孕abilit寶ycoul貞dnot娘bedis危cerned惱direc城tlyfr泡omman剃yoft肆hedat嚼asour壁cesre爐viewed壯a(bǔ)spa星rtof削thise塔ffort峽dueto隸thef脆ormof洋thep盡resent途eddat賢a船,就andth嗽erefor址e銀,鮮itis仗notad杠dresse榆dasa攤separ我ateef歌fect.日Theca揚(yáng)useof筒failu轎refor霉anyt學(xué)ypeof窄syste僻mist喂ypical逮lycla容ssifie哄dinto腸sever鑒algen抗eralc百ategor店ies愁:趁insta遣llatio票nerro蛇rs霧,領(lǐng)design撤mista她kes毯,挎manufa尸cturin銅g/equi賀pment垃defect躬s旨,低lacko宿fmain模tenanc巷e灶,急exceed衰ingde田signl裂imits脊,令anden背vironm搭ental環(huán)factor厘s.胳論There銷arese與veral盯approa普chest識(shí)hatca蛾nbeu豬tilize爪dtom辰inimiz魄ethe社probab從ility辱offai備lure.屠蜜Suchm貝ethods關(guān)inclu推de(1)綢desig根nredu勒ndancy裁,幼(迷2)act下ivemo液nitori胡ngfor覆fault掛s竟,章(以3)pro局viding聰thes甲imples統(tǒng)tsyst戒em(i.擠e.奏,驗(yàn)thele水a(chǎn)stnu嘴mbero灶fcomp窯onents缺)toa掌ddress爸theh退azard柿,歡and(4欠)階萌awell香desig密nedin叫specti鑄on午,清testin驢g河,葉andma撫intena壞ncepr月ogram.流廢These廚reliab千ility炕engine求ering紐concep篇tsare滋impor惠tantw昏henev釘aluati題ngrel蹤iabili態(tài)tyest污imates甘repor雁tedin沈thel牙iterat歲ure.D錫ependi箏ngon梳t(yī)heda腳tause跳dina映given許analy答sis委,陽there孫liabil廳ityes茅timate位mayr此elate越toone宵ormo信reof廁theco淚ncepts木prese查nteda全bove.抹Thel出iterat呆urere絞viewc載onduct甚edund也erthe豎scope謀ofth旁iseff顧ortad比dresse恰sthes險(xiǎn)econc冤eptsw塞herea恥ppropr售iate.穗災(zāi)Mosto震fthe晚inform購ation階thatw瘋asobt蔑ained衰fromt另helit兵eratur化eins娛upport渠ofth境ispap尚erwer困erepo享rtedi蔥nterm鳳s截喂ofunc請onditi帆onalo慎perati狗onaZr濁eliabi森lity訂,鬧i.e.深,隱inter膚msof申thepr博obabil刮ityth親ataf泰irepr劍otecti天onstr透ategy咽willn員otfai域Zdang倡erous.浸怠LITERA借TURER伸EVIEW揭喇Alite荷rature原searc銀hwas訂conduc依tedto跪gathe壺rreli腎abilit臭ydata肺ofal刮ltype禾sfor征fires衰afety烤system角s傘releva收ntto抱thepr箭otecti霞o(jì)nstr殃ategie精scons銀idered誰:煤aut編omatic俗suppr椒ession奴,獻(xiàn)automa驚ticde謙tectio罩n磚,哨andco弄mpartm宜entati菌on.交漆Theob叨jectiv何eoft駐helit堤eratur霧esear校chwas零toob潛tains孩ystem-錄specif將icrel湊iabili學(xué)tyest腹imates民fort襯heper璃forman悠ceof眨eacht連ypeof罪fire填safety染syste治masa鋒funct攪ionof所gener忍ic傅occupa常ncyty張pe(e.植g.允,熊reside越ntial言,辯commer升cial群,晶andin持stitut羨ional)區(qū).鏡Source市sofi掌nforma保tioni訂nclude她dnati基onalf叉irein戰(zhàn)cident揭datab納asere流ports激,捎USDep及artmen燭tof動(dòng)Defens勺esafe釣tyrec孕ords雁,怠indust子ryand憤occup錦ancys崇pecifi寨cstud只ies專,攪insura劉ncein噸dustry秋histo搖rical嫂record溜sand奔inspec尖tionr止eports衰docum墊ented減inthe翁open也litera冬ture拒,疊andex攻perime箱ntald左ata勸睬Report崖sone宮xperim錢ental兼worka盈ndfir沉etest窩ingre率sults終wereu攔tilize毫donly惰when趣fired喉etecti馬on稿,悶automa驕ticsu鼠ppress及ion墾,唯orcom絞partme鞏ntatio包nstra集tegies確were康explic牽itlye壓valuat西ed.Te刻stsof月syste東msuse驟dfor磁qualif算icatio再n咸,克approv先al真,奔o(jì)rlis山tingw搬ereal夠sorev灣iewed催forin播format使ionon斬failu他remod嘗es.Pu司blishe撤ddata輔from要theUn灑itedK葛ingdom衛(wèi),瘡Japan攀,抽Austra惹lia直,索andNe班wZeal朝andwe基reinc顏luded.范Gener狼alStu消diesS明everal扣broad竿based泥studi夫eswer浮eiden蛾tified渴that努report夠edrel棕iabili靜tyest砍imates瞧forf秘irede搖tectio球nand簽fires每uppres綿sions奴ystems哥aswe飯llas北constr謊uction匹compa脈rtment賊ation.誰These設(shè)inclu娛ded(1乒)the秀Warrin賀gtonF相ireRe鴿search幅study爬[1996奇]int殖heUni惱tedKi權(quán)ngdom它,鄰(底2)the潔Austr帖alian甩FireE傘nginee挖ringG錘uideli唐nes[F缸ireCo像deRef進(jìn)ormCe答nter粥,診19961裂,知(擋3)ac宜ompila躺tiono治ffire躁stati決stics持forTo蠻kyo申,棉Japan改[Tokyo繞姜FireD深epartm煙ent拖,券19971扛,侄and(4)竊result底sfrom飄astu井dyof膠insit圓uperf展ormanc杰eoff梅irepr爸otecti恒onsys胞temsi汁nJapa演n[Wat雹anabe洽,興19791.巷TheWa盆rringt脅onFir插e(cuò)Rese石archs嬸tudya兇ddress論edthe占relia骨bility縱offi痛resaf桂etysy夏stems虎andth賢einte閘ractio脫noft豆heirc衡ompone罷nts.A怖Delph愿imeth膚odolog櫻ywas狠usedt格odeve亞lopdi贊screte往estim父ateso游fthe捐reliab杠ility截ofdet窯ection哄anda握larms肚ystems逢,貌fires航uppres幣sions美ystems訂,沈automa巡ticsm遵okeco襪ntrol哪system咱s擦,睜andpa禮ssive詢firep詠rotect但ion(e禁.g.竊,碼compar兔tmenta器tion).焦比TheAu念strali啊anFir升eEngi克neerin鵲gGuid扣elines叢were建develo傳pedas反thee述nginee親ringc年odeof從pract鞏icesu休pporti筍ngthe勞new著perfor緩mance-恰based日Buildi費(fèi)ngCod豬eofA馬ustral果ia.F學(xué)ollowi須ngthe斬metho仿dsin棟thisg逼uide岡,創(chuàng)buildi蘭ngfir卸esafe盟typer費(fèi)forman拾ceis注evalua鳥tedfo熄rsmou思lderin彼g跟,浮flamin峰gnon-姻flasho異ver天,粱andfl籮aming祥flasho士verfi歡res.鐘Thepe仔rforma摘nce(i辜e改,潔probab設(shè)ility暢ofdet高ecting弦,走exting名uishin蛋gorc晃ontrol坦linga衣fire亮event)遷offi法resaf魂etysy剪stems音ispre競dicted涼,蜓a(bǔ)ccoun漲tinge撒xplici戚tlyfo懸rthe跑operat錫ional三reliab違ility膜ofthe常parti鋒cular六system扒.Reli眠abilit答yesti橫mates絹froma霸nexpe井rtpan度elrat故herth伯a(chǎn)nfro儉mactu新aldat脫aare盛provid鋤edin課theGu技idelin再efor守thisp濫urpose摩.簽Finall醬y笨,午operat事ional哨reliab買ility碧dataw軌erere林ported鋪intw擁osepa揪rates焦tudies白inJa求pan.O蜓nestu倘dyinv術(shù)olved隊(duì)evalua嚼tiono澇ffire還incid辣entre由ports養(yǎng)fromt致hecit攔yofT封okyod吹uring洽thepe康riodf揮rom19優(yōu)90to涼1997[械Tokyo吧訂FireD城epartm韻ent19唱971.T裙heoth聽erstu賊dyinv轎olved吸review炎o(hù)ffi飯reinc兵ident扇report級(jí)sthro叢ughout擱Japan質(zhì)durin概gane叛a(bǔ)rlier樣time摩period他endin棋gin19便78[Wa摘tanabe慣19791肥.Table賽1prov盲idesa削summa各ryof仔there到liabil濫ityes下timate鏟s謝玻provid獻(xiàn)edin色these猾studie源s.Sig爭nifica妙ntdif儀ferenc勵(lì)esexi宅stin疼thein映dividu厭alrel釀iabili茄tyest麻imates幣depen歲dingo孔nthe網(wǎng)parame商tersu蟲sedto晨devel孟opthe艱seest香imates勢.Depe累nding制onthe竿requi擺redac裙curacy栽inpr福edicti補(bǔ)ngfut陣ureop兵eratio脆nalpe圣rforma則nceof辣fire村protec尺tions胡ystems策,稈depend腿enceo最nthe矮range柳ofest屬imates窯from隙these冷studie梁scoul減dsign心ifican駐tlyal茫terth義eresu坡lts.I否naddi勢tion補(bǔ),旅theun草certai謠ntyas元sociat鏟edwit壩hasi講nglee催stimat譽(yù)eofr障eliabi織lityo咳rthe蛾existe續(xù)nceof藍(lán)poten鍵tially食impor浙tantb撞iases萌inthe雅metho順dsuse良dtod波erive貌these口estima治tesma挪ylimi餅tthei飛rdire心ctuse圖fulnes符sina精ddress走ingei懇thero嗚perati廢onalo挑rperf普ormanc吃ereli漿abilit吩yoff邁irepr菜otecti娘onsys著tems.臨NA=No錘tAddr遵essed粥Table眠1.Pub垂lished賓Estim擊atesf錫orFir捧eProt遮ection花Syste暴msOpe繞ration手alRel疑iabili眼ty哨(衛(wèi)Probab利ility禽ofSuc腔cess(煙YO))剃Review遼ofAv好ailabl疑eReli揚(yáng)abilit周yData腔慚Dueto倍thel帶imited拍appli座cabili禿tyof采there燈liabil泰ityes蔬timate掙spubl踏ished紙inthe宿gener旬a(chǎn)llit模eratur拼e勒,共theli喚teratu肺rerev賀iewwa麥sexte奸ndedi細(xì)nane蜻ffort間to(1)啟devel掉opan戰(zhàn)improv高edund亡erstan聽dingo悅fthe盾elemen泉tsof央eacho積fthe美three司strate獅giesu校nderc剩onside奔ration蛋that滾influe鴿ncere趨liabil造ity忍,噸and(2辣)iden璃tifya列ndeva之luate別quanti扣tative洽data瘦regard件ingin釣dividu痰alsys揪temop側(cè)erabil災(zāi)ityan觀dfail蒜urera中tes.A瘋utomat棵icSup抖pressi萍o(jì)nSys躬tems(貝i.e.粒,閘sprink銳lersy抬stems)痕Table敗2pro電vides燭asumm池aryof荒repor褲tedop膜eratio貢nalre它liabil械ityes開timate灶sfrom妨sever附alstu團(tuán)diest蟲hatev吹aluate霞dactu倚alfir陵einci矩dents近inwhi鋤chaut定omatic踐sprin嬸klers禾werep楚resent地.As助agrou蛇p卵,法these窩studie勵(lì)svary忍signi獄ficant尖lyin逮terms鞭ofthe摩repor菠tingt考imepe窩riods旗,晉thety燃pesof棒occup哪ancies件,繳andth訓(xùn)eleve申lofd康etail損regard哨ingth脅etype件soff苦iresa麥ndthe濕sprin廉klers靜ystem芹design派.The蹤estima感tespr汽esente叼dinT膠able2妨gener杏allyi瓜ndicat戚erela河tively玉high碗operat那ional挽reliab芒ility顏forau顆tomati禍cspri瓦nkler省system呈s.Whi克lesom肚eoft共heref擁erence漂sincl集udefi貨re緞著“供contro屠l贏”中or獨(dú)略“播exting虛uishme否n設(shè)t蕩”非aspa紙rtof下there雪liabil鍛ityas攔sessme膨nt野,訂there帝ported近data讀weren壩otcon捕sisten輕t.The捉refore杏,廚operat零ional侮reliab培ility挺wasas億sumed泳tobe琴limite輩dtos疫prinkl娃erope渣ration王.The擋estim叉atesa副lsoin培dicate稍aran救geof褲values咐,議sugges鏈tingt現(xiàn)hatit予would宋bein票approt植asour瘋cesan蔥dgene姨ralun玉certai覺ntyas潛sociat光edwit每hcomb腹ining成dataf伐romdi千fferen疏tdata孔bases.切Autom臣aticf窮ireex趁tingui壟shing均system今(spri闖nkler攀system老)黎Table奶2summ咳arizes誤some饒studie長sesti我matet茅hatth摸eeval災(zāi)uation冒ofth巧eoper靈ationa樸lreli麗abilit年yofa救utomat貓icspr敵inkler哭syste掩m嫂,談firef馬ightin敏gactu瞇alfir被einci肆dents.丙Asa嗎group疾,亂these棗studie爐srepo互rtver輛ydiff慰erent債in辛timep蓋eriod煩,廈typeo眾fhous哀ingan舒dleve單lofd涌etail昌relate瘋dtot間hetyp傲eoff賴irean住dspri帥nkler芒system蹦desig策n.荒仰Table最2show敬sthe慎spray吉system王opera鵝tional評relia背bility踏estim罰atesa敢regen珍erally貿(mào)relat殊ively歇high域,銳while割somes響tudies是thef罪ailure保ofth指efire密contr農(nóng)olor爺fire挖,晝aspar剩toft咐heass亮essmen柄tofr淺eliabi芝lity暗,積butth擇erepo較rt'sd乞atais魔notc窮onsist辛ent.T竹herefo喘re猶,畏theop霞eratio紛nalre筑liabil像ity骨脈assume鄰that蒜theop快eratio冤nisl狐imited蘇tosp籠raying友.asse鋒ssment哥shoul悼dalso司show汪theva太luera誓nge順,福sugges控tingn撈otto證useth轉(zhuǎn)edevi慘ation擇ofas企prays行ystem游reliab擦ility縫withou如tatte釘ntion達(dá)todat綁aand豎combin帽ingda哪tafro規(guī)mdiff般erent葡databa靈sesun塑certai躲ntyso昌urces.被劫巾族船蒜Table辱2oft寄heori賞ginal蓋budget慕byth服ereli尤abilit目yesti令mates喬range泊from8酬1.13%檔to99.僑5%[Ta貸ylor]皆容thelo躬wvalu征eofm沫Taylo刺r'sst渣udyan墻dsome督kook穿overes嚴(yán)timate籠d(87.朋6%)re獅portt博hatth滔esesi訊gnific煎antde續(xù)viatio殘n塑跨theda愈tause倉dint養(yǎng)heses衣tudies因.Inb奏othst快udies近,獎(jiǎng)thenu綠mbero刊ffire左sisv冒ery刮錘small劫,威andin倚thed訂atabas煩edoes課notd翁isting篇uishb境etween違autom蒼aticf炮ireex擠tingui陵shing所system態(tài)sand封other捕fire-f嫩ightin車gsyst待em.Th唉efina碑l99.5墨%oft躲hemay怠濃beean爺dmarr講y愛桌atrep望orted詞highe態(tài)stimat植esref系lecta它spray福syste面mint牌heins愿pectio孩n芝,從testin討gand擁mainte嫂nance喉ofar接igorou瞞sand蘿welld冤ocumen壞ted.妥Theda撫t(yī)aobt春ained雜fromt夢hespr肆aysys湊tem贊,吩anothe佩rimpo容rtant神limita環(huán)tioni擁sthat拐most培ofthe奏Autom哀aticS在prinkl扒erSys謝temre持cords扔sprink住lerac原cident狐.Int匠heses扛tudies嘉,私veryl綱imited仁accid壇entda撞tawit圾hrefe脖rence硬tothe馳rapid風(fēng)respo衫nseor瓣asui誕table層water隊(duì)jette半chnolo歉gy.As屯sesst金herel手iabili留tyof哀theap借propri話atesp愛rinkle嗓rsyst狗emsho漂uldbe殼parti質(zhì)cularl混yconc含erned脖about享severa屋lfact貫ors堪,罵includ歐ing(1睜)allo典wscov攏erage飄within厭,孩(夢2)low假erwat道ersup與plyca罰pacity慰,頁(炎3)rem隔oteco附ntrol鋤orala漸rmsys鏈temsh菊avegr究eatpo童tentia兄lint漢hefir乒e.Ba問sedon慰this勒,畢there權(quán)areot末herfa逗ctors群relate行dtot棕heset籌echnol漆ogies拆(such呼asmai扭ntenan擔(dān)celev爺el)ca孝ndire開ctlya坡ffect洽theop僚eratio勵(lì)nalre宗liabil染ityof理these儉types腎ofAu膚tomati狠cSpri鉤nkler吳System釘.Ina條dditio適n欺,么youal腿sonee月dtor廳esolve筐these盾probl予ems站,低thesy寒stemd罰ata吳,乓butba占sedon黑later責(zé)obser坡vation典sand線genera娛lhous漸ingis雀gener牙allyl亦essli們kelyt育omain油tainn芹ormal陜,蟲somed聯(lián)esigne銹dtoe恩nsure金there廟sidenc蹄ewhat派spray輪syste掠mreli膝abilit晌ymay懶bered矛uced.素.盤Fired但etecti忍onor爬alarm定system膏s習(xí)Table津3prov偶idesa校nover洋viewo倒fare陡porto柔nthe砌operat稻ional悉reliab丈ility邪forre頓sident攔ialsy澆stems言analys襪isto蘿assess存thea門verage鍬proba撕bility篇and9剃5%con確fidenc崗einte例rvals于arees慘timate即dbase鴉dond鋪atapr茄ovided券byHA伐LL[19素55].T黑hesco刻peof周theav貪erage番reliab觀ility陷estima北tesra卷nging僻from6色8-88%.違Figur謊esare涉consi誓stent創(chuàng)witht藍(lán)hosep痛rovide該dbyt救hesta灶ndards脅with旗巾TobyD旗elphy往.袖皺Instit喘utere沾liabil閃ity.H搜owever洽,弟thege膜neral熱scope禁ofthe覆95%c窗onfide廁ncein站terval呀66-90酸%.銳Table庫3豬:孕Analy鄙sisof色ther鍬eliabi慌lityo謀fsmok濱edete積ctors瞇[HALL方,重1955]狐Thefi濱redis據(jù)trict廁torel去yonv捷arious倚types奉ofeq仁uipmen顯tsuch哲as科:倚doors獄(incl偽uding善fixed速equipm古ent)舊,易wall始,嫌floor扛/ceil麥ingpe協(xié)netrat磚ionho稅les墻,望window馳s什,采fires冒hutter背,維smoke葵materi藝alsan蠻dbuil投dings.菠When眼thefi絨redis傻trict帶iscon籠sidere帝dtob械ethe半focus訊inthe有fire祥plan蘇,頁inthe歐liter禿ature肉,排there鏟islit眾tleda沒tatha偵tthe頂indivi鄙dualc魄ompone鍬ntsof懷theo尸perati縱ngrol秘eint角hefir箭edist告rict.尿Thesi拒nglei匙sment掏ioned引forth喉ebuil需dinga遲ssessm惕entan米doper桿ationa特lreli有abilit艘yWARR屑IGTON卸resear敬chand佩theA文ustral螺ianFi葉reEng疤ineeri殿ngInd油ex.Th縣eseas撒sessme別ntsar漿ebase禽denti括relyo泛nexpe或rtjud淋gment.蛛There那fored鍋oesno灣tprov日idemo首rein-康depth聾analys吩is.廟Automa威ticsp安rinkle宿r(nóng)syst鄙emsan殖alysis余OnTab忌le2阻,黃thesp闊rinkle汽rsyst稱emrel費(fèi)iabili饒tyana飽lysis案isto貨analyz酷eacco器rding慮tothe張type這ofeac義hlive縫.Its妥hould確benot仙edtha慶tonly蝴ones弊o(hù)urce帖MILNE外,舅1959]猜onthe守relia奸bility觀ofpu弓blicb盼uildin訊gsand留resid脖ential警housi煩ngest葛imates泡,萍andth顧eseea屯rlyda旦tado泉notpr誦ovide尺there計(jì)liabil磚ityof港thed私ataof斧moder顧nresi匙dentia佩lspri端nklers車.The堆distri畏bution刊histo開gramo時(shí)fFigu寫re1l弦istst清herel跟iabili牽tyest牙imates海fore替achho遼using腸type.懷Averag想eand怎95%co殘nfiden出ceint繁erval恩limit愉issui份table纏forge薪neral初reside徒ntial慧(inth解estud漫ydoes畢notd燦isting矩uishb寧etween酸comme正rcial肚buildi問ngs孔,劣theca撲tegory匯ofre肢sident拋ialbu艘ilding駐sand芒public錯(cuò)build拌ings)貼andco資mmerci將albui均ldings姿,確andis京appli臣cable究tothe孟build似ing(c匪ommerc智ial燃,肆public嗚build值ings陽,還reside歲ntial)筆relia頃bility再asses激sment.若These勝resul兔tsare杜shown牢inTa婦ble4.漿Figure督1至:群Thea盾utomat攜icspr托inkler惡syste汗mreli稻abilit傘yasse廊ssment旁ofa引variet次yofh恭ousing杠types驕Commer丙cialb挑uildin申gsand碗publi炮cbuil么dings劇,懸reliab失ility驚assess錯(cuò)ment菠,缺theav握erage告ofcon事troli店nothe蛛rresi洞dentia袍ltype妥95%c霸onfide強(qiáng)ncein臘terval吉.Liva缺blean攤dpubl軋icbui繼ldings師ina繭single斬point捧estim辨ate臨,肯aninc酒rease吃ofsom滿eusef架ulthi糊ngsan吼doper唐ationa寨lreli絹abilit西y希,錯(cuò)andal衡soinc尋reased誠thec顯apacit料yoft勺hedat恰abase.宣18es量timate毫dfour之separ妹ateca栽tegori疾es.Ho踩wever夠,黃thepo勇inton猾resid跪ential涂andp桿ublic染buildi筐ngsof角thee亦stimat預(yù)essho鍋uldno舉tbeu離sedal姻oneto夸draw岡anyco承nclusi甜ons.罵There尼liabil她ityof沫comme挖rcial康buildi躺ngs摘,籮reside供ntial起andco塘nstruc冶tioni濾sesti查mated法topro鞭vides瘡omeus除efuli方nforma薄tion.畢Based燒onthe搬analy少sisof吼thes鉆prinkl父ersys拴temca阻nmake詢useo趟fthe漸datai賤sthe餓reliab拖ility裂ofope顏ration飯ises甜timate械datm加oreth隨an88%蓮,衣ifyou修dono竊tcons坑iderc拖ommerc糞ialbu奇ilding字s依,轉(zhuǎn)there搜liabil皮ityof組thes燥prinkl委ersys得temca按nreac浸hmore藝than掉92%.H櫻owever惕,賢theju然dgeth扛ispar葡ticula求rspri杯nkler累system貌with鄭those清mentio釘nedin旦thea謙ssessm爐entsy嘴stems為imilar虛ityis點(diǎn)very螺import季ant.T梳herel句iabili縱tyof密theco外mmerci元albui局ldings戴涼is令inthe搬range久80-98悔%元,濱94-98%哀inth飯egene開ralco譯nstruc蘋tion.仁Fired揪etecti練onsys唉teman弟alysis支Theda正taon康estima罷tesof聚ther宋eliabi慌lityo婦ffire孕detec尾tions騎ystem騎iscom古prehen鉗sive.協(xié)Thisd便atasp找ansa薦decade捷,敗andev云eryye千arthe仁Relia講bility柄Asses蝴sment飾Report屑(refl滑ected鈔inTab獸le3)農(nóng),搖itis窄donef盤orthe憶housi符ngof電avari婆etyof男diffe焦rentu艱ses.W萌heret捐heana擁lysis搜isbas納edon赴theus園eoft飾hehou驟sediv燦idedi閉ntose叉veral橡buildi慚nglev扣el.Af薦terea控chuse寬housi恢ngder浮ivedd胳ataan銷dthen暖calcu由latet灑herel爬iabili公tyof貨eachh微ousing紅estim庸ates.樓Figure乳2sho鏡wsthe隨relia價(jià)bility資estim師ateso借fall裹smoke攔detect砌orson牢allr秘esiden飲tialt肢ypes.

詞Figure蠶2榮:泄Thes掉moked測etecto壓rfor武avari虜etyof勿resid捐ential絨types律ofre冠liabil臂ity

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

評論

0/150

提交評論