人體運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)肌肉動(dòng)力學(xué)分析

人體運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)-功能性活動(dòng)分析

kinesiology

application

in

functional

activities

周

晶南方醫(yī)科大學(xué)康復(fù)醫(yī)學(xué)院現(xiàn)在是1頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三kinesiology現(xiàn)在是2頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三PurposeofstudyingclinicalkinesiologyThepurposeofstudyingclinicalkinesiologyistounderstandtheforcesactingonthehumanbodyandtomanipulatetheseforcesintreatmentproceduressothathumanperformancemaybeimprovedandfurtherinjurymaybeprevented了解動(dòng)作

了解作用在人體的力量?jī)?yōu)化運(yùn)動(dòng)效能避免和預(yù)防運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷現(xiàn)在是3頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三Reference現(xiàn)在是4頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三PlanesofMotionTransversePlane(YZplane)FrontalPlane(XYplane)SagittalPlane(XZplane)Cardinalplanesofmotion現(xiàn)在是5頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三NamingMovementsatJoints現(xiàn)在是6頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三現(xiàn)在是7頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三現(xiàn)在是8頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三現(xiàn)在是9頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三Specialcases

ThumbPronation/supinationHipmed/latrotationwithhipflexion現(xiàn)在是10頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三Kinematicchainkinematicchain：aseriesofconnectedsegmentlinksopenkinematicchainmotion開(kāi)鏈運(yùn)動(dòng)

thejointmotionwiththedistalsegmentmovesfreeinspace,e.g.raisinglowerlegorthrowingaballclosedkinematicchainmotion閉鏈運(yùn)動(dòng)

thejointmotionwiththedistalsegmentisfixed,e.g.standinguporsquattingdown現(xiàn)在是11頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三Whatkindofkinematicchainisperformedaschin-up(引體向上)?one-leggedsquatting?現(xiàn)在是12頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三BasicArthrokinematicJointMotions(1)rollingorrocking,(2)slidingorgliding,(3)spinning現(xiàn)在是13頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三

ApplicationofHumanMotionMeasureandAnalysisSystem現(xiàn)在是14頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三使用人體動(dòng)作量測(cè)分析系統(tǒng)的目的人體動(dòng)作量測(cè)分析系統(tǒng)進(jìn)階人體動(dòng)作分析--人體動(dòng)作分析模擬系統(tǒng)人體動(dòng)作分析系統(tǒng)之應(yīng)用步態(tài)分析(gaitanalysis)平衡訓(xùn)練輔具科技下背痛分析運(yùn)動(dòng)器材體育技術(shù)……現(xiàn)在是15頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三使用動(dòng)作量測(cè)分析系統(tǒng)的目的了解人體動(dòng)作，肢幹間的相關(guān)性運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)，動(dòng)力學(xué)參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)、提升與評(píng)估人體運(yùn)動(dòng)、手工具、運(yùn)動(dòng)器材與醫(yī)療輔具等的功能與成效現(xiàn)在是16頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三動(dòng)作量測(cè)分析系統(tǒng)包含動(dòng)作量測(cè)分析系統(tǒng)電子量角器(electrogoniometer)力量感測(cè)器(Loadcell)動(dòng)作擷取系統(tǒng)(Vicon)測(cè)力板(AMTI)肌電訊號(hào)(EMG)

加速規(guī)(Accelerometer)資料收集盒(Datalogger)現(xiàn)在是17頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三電子量角器(electrogoniometer)現(xiàn)在是18頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三力量感測(cè)器(Loadcell)現(xiàn)在是19頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三力量感測(cè)器(Loadcell)現(xiàn)在是20頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三動(dòng)作分析系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)在是21頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三1.動(dòng)作擷取系統(tǒng)(Vicon)Vicon460Ploygon現(xiàn)在是22頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三LFHDLSHOLUPASTRNCLAVLELBLFRALWRBLASILWRALFINLTHILKNELTIBRFHDLANKLTOELMT5RTOERMT5RANKRTIBRKNERTHIRASIRELBRFRARWRBRWRARSHORBHDLBHDC7RBAKT10LPSIRPSISACRRFINLHEERHEE現(xiàn)在是23頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三2.測(cè)力板(AMTI)forceamplifiertransducerA/DPC現(xiàn)在是24頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三測(cè)力板(CoP)xyF現(xiàn)在是25頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三3.肌電訊號(hào)(EMG)現(xiàn)在是26頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三動(dòng)作量測(cè)分析系統(tǒng)電子量角器(electrogoniometer)力量感測(cè)器(Loadcell)動(dòng)作擷取系統(tǒng)(Vicon)測(cè)力板(AMTI)肌電訊號(hào)(EMG)

加速規(guī)(Accelerometer)資料收集盒(Datalogger)關(guān)節(jié)角度外力肢段空間位置地面反作用力肌電訊號(hào)

加速度資料收集現(xiàn)在是27頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三現(xiàn)在是28頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三人體功效學(xué)之人體模擬系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)在是29頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三現(xiàn)在是30頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三現(xiàn)在是31頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三20cm50.8cm42Kg25Kg現(xiàn)在是32頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三25Kg42Kg10cm39cm現(xiàn)在是33頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三現(xiàn)在是34頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三動(dòng)作分析的應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在是35頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三Gaitanalysis現(xiàn)在是36頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三平衡訓(xùn)練現(xiàn)在是37頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三現(xiàn)在是38頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三h=肩高現(xiàn)在是39頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三BicycleanalysisHipmoment1500N-mmKneemoment2400N-mmQudriceps4500N，Bicepsfemoris1500NGluteus3000NTibialisanterior2800NGastroneminus1600N現(xiàn)在是40頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三moreJoy&Safety現(xiàn)在是41頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三more

Fun&Lark現(xiàn)在是42頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三for

Goodor

Bad現(xiàn)在是43頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三Treadmill現(xiàn)在是44頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三現(xiàn)在是45頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三現(xiàn)在是46頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三高爾夫現(xiàn)在是47頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三現(xiàn)在是48頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三人體功效改善對(duì)策現(xiàn)在是49頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三人因工程改善對(duì)策使用臂力人，配瓶口夾鈎現(xiàn)在是50頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三現(xiàn)在是51頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三現(xiàn)在是52頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三現(xiàn)在是53頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三現(xiàn)在是54頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三現(xiàn)在是55頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三outlinemobilityoccupationalanddailyactivities現(xiàn)在是56頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三Three

elementsthefirst;identifiesthesequenceofactivitiesperformedfromthestarttothecompletionoftheactivitythesecond;presentsadescriptionofthejointmovementsthroughouttheactivitythethird;distinguishesthemusclesandhowtheyfunctiontoproducethejointmovementstosuccessfullyperformtheactivities現(xiàn)在是57頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三Mobility現(xiàn)在是58頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三Floormobility：rollingRollingDevelopmental

direction：

nonsegmental

---segmentalSupine

to

prone

more

individual

variation

more

difficult

than

prone

to

supine現(xiàn)在是59頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三現(xiàn)在是60頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三Supinetoprone(Rolltotheright)1.left

upper

extremity

reaching

to

the

rightShoulder

flexion

anterior

deltoid三角肌前側(cè)+of

pectoralis

major胸大肌Horizontal

adduction水平位的內(nèi)收

posteriordeltoid(eccentriccontraction離心收縮afterpassingthemidline)現(xiàn)在是61頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三Scapulaprotraction肩胛骨前伸Serratus

anterior前鋸肌,

upper

&

lower

trapezius斜方肌Elbow

extension:

Triceps肱三頭肌Forearm

pronation前臂旋前

pronator

quadratus

&

pronator

teres旋前方肌

旋前圓肌Wrist

in

neutral

or

slight

extension腕關(guān)節(jié)中立位

微微伸展Extensors

carpi

radialis

longus

&

brevis（橈側(cè)腕伸肌）+extensor

carpi

ulnaris（尺側(cè)腕伸?。┈F(xiàn)在是62頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三Fingerandthumb

extension

extensordigitorum指伸肌

Abduction:dorsalinterossei背側(cè)骨間肌Rotatorcuff肩袖musclesstabilize

head

of

the

humerus

during

arm

motionRight

U/E

Shoulder

extension肩關(guān)節(jié)伸展+

scapular

retraction肩胛骨后縮+

forearm

in

midposition前臂中立位+wrist

and

finger

extension手腕伸展現(xiàn)在是63頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三headNeck

rotation

&

lateral

flexion

to

the

rightleft

stemocleidomastoid胸鎖乳突肌+right

scalene（斜角肌）Flexion

increased

as

the

movement

proceeds現(xiàn)在是64頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三3.trunk

flexion

and

rotation

to

the

right

Flexion:

rectus

abdominus腹直肌Rotation+

lateral

rotation

right

internal

abdominal

oblique腹內(nèi)斜肌+left

external

abdominal

oblique腹外斜肌4.left

pelvisForward

rotation

+left

hip

flexion&

adduction

+left

knee

flexion(foot

pushing

off

the

floor)現(xiàn)在是65頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三5.rightlowerlimbinextension6.weightbearingonrightsideofthebody7.weightshifttoleftarm(rightarmmovefrombeneaththebody)

rightshoulderflexion+scapularupwardrotation+elbowextension+

forearmpronation+

wristandhandextensiontopushintofloor現(xiàn)在是66頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三Occupationalanddailyactivities現(xiàn)在是67頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三Liftingtasks現(xiàn)在是68頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三Head,

trunk,

pelvis

are

maintained

in

midline

alignment

throughout

the

activityCocontraction

of

anterior

and

posterior

muscles

neck

flexors(SCM,

scalenes斜角肌)

v.s.

extensors

erector

spinae（豎棘?。﹙.s.

abdominal

muscles腹肌

transverse

abdominis

v.s.

multifidus

pelvis

and

lumbar

spine

in

neutral

positionTorso

is

moved

by

hip

instead

of

trunk

motion現(xiàn)在是69頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三Preparation

phase

prior

to

lifting,test

the

object

to

be

lifted

to

get

an

idea

of

its

weight

establish

wide

base

of

support

and

standing

close

to

the

object

hip

abduction:

gluteus

medius

and

minimus（臀中肌、臀小?。?TFL

.sartorius（縫匠?。?/p>

laterally

rotation(45°)：gluteus

maximus(臀大肌),deep

lateral

rotators,sartorius（縫匠?。┈F(xiàn)在是70頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三MoveintoasquatSpinal

position:

erector

spinae

(isometric

contraction)Lumber

stabilization:

abdominalsHip

flexion(90°):throughout

preparation

phase

gluteus

maximus

and

hamstrings(eccentric

contraction)

further

flexes

to

move

torso

over

boxKnee

flexion:

quadriceps

(eccentric

contraction)Ankle

dorsiflexion:

gastrocnemius

–soleus(eccentric

contraction)

control

tibia

moving

forward

over

the

foot

into

dorsiflexion現(xiàn)在是71頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三Reach

and

grasp

the

objectShoulder

flexion:

anterior

deltoid(三角肌前部),

pectoralis

major胸大肌(clavicular

portion鎖骨頭)

midway

between

medial

and

lateral

rotation:

subscapularis,infraspinatus岡下肌,teres

minor,anterior

deltoidElbow

extension:

contraction

of

triceps

and

elbow

flexors(brachialis肱,brachioradialis肱橈,biceps)現(xiàn)在是72頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三Forearm

in

midpositionHand

power

grasp

wrist

extension:functional

position

contraction

between

wrist

extensors

and

finger

flexors

fingers

and

thumb

full

extension

and

abduction---full

flexion

and

adduction(palmar

interossei)

thumb

flexion

and

abduction:flexor

policis

and

pollocis

adductor現(xiàn)在是73頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三Lifting

phaseU/E

set

to

accept

the

weight

isometric

contraction

of

muscles

activates

in

preparation

phaseTrunk

extension

Hip

extension:

concentric

contraction

of

gluteus

maximus

and

hamstrings

abduction

lateral

rotation

Knee

extension

concentric

contraction

of

quadriceps現(xiàn)在是74頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三Householdtasks:vacuuming現(xiàn)在是75頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三A

push-pull

activity

using

U/E

to

serve

as

the

delivery

of

L/E

forces

only

U/E

ipsilateral(身體同側(cè)的)

to

front

leg

is

uesedTandem

stance:

one

leg

ahead

of

the

otherProcedure

weight

transfers

to

front

leg

(knee

flexion)

&

pushing

off

from

back

leg-----shoulder

flexion+elbow

extension

weight

pushed

(knee

extension)

from

front

leg

to

back

leg----shoulder

extension

+elbow

flexion現(xiàn)在是76頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三Head,neck

and

trunk:

neutral

position,

slight

rotation

to

the

right(in

this

illustration)

erector

spinae

and

abdominal

trunk

extension

and

lumbar

stabilization

in

uprightL’t

external

abdominal

obiliques

+R’t

internal

abdominal

obliques現(xiàn)在是77頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三Pelvis:

gluteus

medius(both

legs

)

maintain

a

level

pelvis

and

shift

weight

from

one

leg

to

the

other現(xiàn)在是78頁(yè)\一共有87頁(yè)\編輯于星期三L/E:

both

legs

are

in

abduction

&

lateral

rotation

Front

leg

hip

flexion;knee

flexion,ankle

plantarflexion(踝趾屈)Back

leg

hip

extension;knee

extension;ankle

neutral

to

eversionKnee: