2012年職稱外語考試-綜合A(補(bǔ)全短文)

/第五部分補(bǔ)全短文第一篇、第二篇、第三篇、第四篇、第五篇、第六篇、第七、第八篇、第九篇、Ｉs第十篇、＊第篇、＊第十二篇、+第十三篇、第十四篇、LudwigVanBeetｈoｖen第十五篇、AreＯnlinｅFrｉｅnｄsRｅalFriendsAｓloｎgaswehaveｂｅｅｎonearth,wｅｈaｖeusedｔheseaarｏｕndｕs.Weｔａkefromｔhｅocean,ａnｄｗｅgiveｔｏiｔ．Ｗｅtａｋeｆishｅｓfromtｈeoｃeａn―millionsofｋilogrａmsoffiｓｈ,everｙyｅar，ｔofeeｄmｉｌｌionsofpeopｌｅ。Weeveｎuseｔheｉｒbonesforferｔiliｚer.Weｔakｅｍineraｌsfｒomtｈｅoｃｅan．Onewａytogetsaｌtistopｌaceseawatｅrinaｓhaｌlowbasｉnａnｄｌeaｖeiｔuｎｔilitevaｐoｒates。Alｏngwｉthsaｌt,ｏthermiｎeraｌｓａreleftａfterｅvapoｒatｉｏnMuｃhgｏldanｄsilverdriftｄissolvedinthewatersofthesea,toｏ\Ｂutthesｅａdｏｅsｎotgｉvetｈeｍｕｐｂysimpleevaporatiｏn．Ｏthergifｔｓfroｍthesｅaaｒepｅarｌs，ｓｐongesandseaweed．Pearlsbecomejeｗｅlry．Naturalspongｅsbecomecｌｅaningaidｓ.Seａｗeedbecｏmesfoodofmａnｙkiｎds―evencandy，ａndｉcｅcream―ａｓｗeｌlasmedicine。Ｂeliｅveitｏrnot,freshwatｅrｉｓanｏthergifｔfromthesｅa.Ｗeｃａnnotｄｒiｎｋoceanwater.Someofitscontentｓmａycauｓｅillｎesｓ。Bｕtoｃｅanwａｔerbｅｃoｍesｆrｅsｈｗaterwｈｅntｈesaltｓareremｏved．Ｉntｈefuture，ｗewｉllfｉndourｓelvｅｓdeｐeｎdinｇmoreａndｍｏreonfrｅｓhwaｔeｒfromtheseａ.Ｔｈｅsｅaｇｉveｓｕsfｏｏd，ferｔilizer，ｍｉnｅrals,waｔeｒ，ａｎdoｔhｅｒgifｔs．Wｈatdowegivethesea？Garbａｇe.WｅpｏllutｅtｈeｏceａｎwhenweｕseitasagａrbaｇedumpHuｇeasitis,theoceanｃannｏtholdallthewatｅrｔhaｔwｅpouｒintｏit。Duｍpinｇｇaｒotｈeoceaｎiｓkillingｏffsｅalｉfe^．Yetasthewｏrlｄpoｐulationｇｒoｗｓ，wｅmayneeｄtheｓeａanditsｇiftｓｍoｒethanevｅｒ．Ｗｅarｅfinallyleaｒningthaｔifｗｅdｅｓtrｏyoｕｒsｅas，wemigｈｔalｓｏdestroyourseｌves.Ｈｏｐeｆullｙ，itｉｓnottoolatｅ.第二篇、Growingcｏoperatiｏｎamongbｒaｎchｅsoftｏurismhaspｒoveｄvalｕａｂｌetoallｃｏｎｃerｎed^.Gｏｖｅrnmｅnｔbureaus,ｔradｅａndtrａveｌassｏciatioｎs,carrｉerｓandpropｅrtiｅｓ^areallworkｉngtoｇetherｔｏbringaboutoptimum'ｃｏnditｉoｎｓforｔrａvelers．Ｔraｖelopｅraｔors，specialistsｉnthefieldofpｌanｎinｇ，ｓponsｏrextｅｎsiverｅsearｃhprｏgraｍs．Ｔhｅyｈaveｋnoｗledｇeofallaｒeasandallcarriersｅｒｖices，，anｄtｈeyareｅｘpeｒｔsinorgaｎizｉngdｉfferｅｎttypｅsｏftouｒsａｎdiｎｐreｐａｒinｇeffectivｅadveｒtｉsingｃamｐaｉgns．Tｈｅydｉｓtｒiｂutemaｔｅｒｉａｌｓtoageｎcies，sucｈasjournals,ｂrochures＂ａndadvertｉsingprojeｃｔs。Theyofferfamilｉarｉｚatiｏnaｎdworｋsｈｏptouｒssothatｉnasｈorttｉmｅagentscanobtainfiｒst-hanｄkｎowledgeofthetoｕrs.Tourisｔcoｕnｓeｌorsgｉｖｅvalｕａblｅsemｉnars^toacquａinｔagentswithnｅwpｒoｇrａmｓandteｃhｎiqueｓｉnsｅllｉng。Iｎthiｓｗayagenｔslｅamｔoexplaｉｎｄeｓtiｎatｉonsａndtosugｇeｓtdiffｅrｅntｍodeｓaｎdｃoｍbinatｉoｎsｏfｔrａvｅl—plａnｅs，ships，ｔｒaｉnｓ，motｏrcoacｈes,car－rｅntals,ａｎdevenｃarpuｒchａｓｅs.Ｐｒｏpertiesandagｅnｃiｅsworｋｃloselｙtｏgetｈｅrｔｏmaketheｍoｓtsｕiｔablｅcontracts,consiｄerｉｎg?boｔｈthecomｆortoｆｔheｃｌienｔsandtheirｏwnpｒofitaｂleｆiｎaｎcialaｒrａnｇement.Ａgencｉesｒｅｌyuponthｅgoodservicesofhotelｓ,aｎd，ｃonveｒsely＊，hotｅlsｒeｌyｕpoｎageｎciｅs，ｔofｕlfｉlltheiｒcoｎtｒactsandtｏsｅndtheｍｃliｅnｔs．Thesaｍecｏnfidｅｎceexiｓtsbeｔweenａgｅnciesａndcaｒｒｉeｒs,incluｄiｎgcar—ｒenｔaｌａｎｄhtｓervicessiｇ.Carrｉersarｅdeｐeｎdeｎｔuponagenciｅstosupplpasseｎgers，aｎｄagenciesaredｅpendeｎｔupoｎｃarｒieｒsｔｏpresenttｈｅmｗithｍarｋetａbleｔoｕrs。Aｌlsｅｒvicesmｕsｔｗｏrktogetherfoｒｇreatereffiｃiｅnｃｙ，faｉrpriｃｉngaｎdcｏnｔentｅdcustomers.第三篇、ThemａiｎproｂｌemｉndｉsｃuｓsingAmeｒｉcanpopulａｒｃｕｌｔuｒeisａlsooneofitｓmaincharaｃｔeriｓｔicｓ:iｔｗon’tｓlayAmerｉcaｎ．Nomattｅrｗhatitis，whetheritisfｉlms,ｆｏoｄandｆasｈion,ｍｕsiｃ，caｓｕalspｏrtsｏｒｓｌanｇ,it'ssoｏnatｈｏｍｅelsｅwhｅreintheｗorld^。TheｒｅaｒeseveraｌtｈｅoｒiesｗｈｙAmericanｐｏｐularｃultｕｒｅhashadthisappｅaｌ．Ｏnethｅｏｒyiｓthatiｔhasｂｅen”adｖｅrtisｅｄ”andmarketedｔhroｕghAmericaｎfiｌms，ｐoｐulａrmusｉc，andｍoreｒeceｎtly,ｔelevisｉｏn．ＢｕｔthｉstheoryfailｓtoｅxpｌaiｎwhyAmerｉcanfｉlms，music，aｎdｔelｅvisionprogramsareｓopｏpuｌａrinｔhemselveｓ．?Thｅｙare,ａfｔeｒaｌl，ｉｎcoｍpetitｉonwｉththoｓｅprｏｄuｃｅdｂｙothercountriｅｓ。．Ａnｏthertheｏry，ｐroｂａbｌyamｏrｅｃommonｏｎe,isｔhatＡｍericaｎpoｐularcultｕreｉs

internatiｏnａlｌyａsｓoｃiａｔｅdwｉthsoｍeｔhiｎgcalleｄ”TｈespirｉtoｆAmeｒｉcａ”.Thisspiriｔisvariouslydescrｉｂeｄasbeingyｏungandfree，ｏpｔｉmistiｃandco^ifidenｔ，ｉnformalａnddｉsreｓｐeｃtful．Thefinaltｈeｏrｙislｅsscｏｍplex：Amerｉｃaｎpopuｌaｒcultuｒｅisｐopulaｒｂecausealotｏfpeｏplｅｉnｔｈｅｗoｒlｄliｋeｉt.Regardlｅsｓofwｈyitspreａds^,Ａmerｉcanpoｐuｌａrcuｌtｕreisusuallyquｉteｒapidlyaｄopｔedａndthenａdaｐｔeｄiｎｍａnyothercouｎｔｒies。Ａsａresｕlt,iｔsAｍericaｎｏrｉｇinsaｎdrooｔsarｅofteｎｑuicklyｆorgottｅn”HappyBirtｈｄａytoＹoｕ”,forinstance，ｉssuchａneveｒydaｙsonｇthatiｔssource,itsAmerｉcａncｏpyrigｈt,sｏtoｓpeａｋiｓｎｏtremｅmbereｄ.BlacｋleatherｊａcketsｗoｒｎbｙmanyheｒｏesinAmericanｍｏvieｓcouldbeｆound,ageｎeratｉoｎlａt(yī)er,onａllthosｅyoｕngｍenwhoｗａｎteｄtomakethｉsmanly—loｏktheiｒown．Ｔwoareaｓwheｒｅthisｃｏntiｎuinｇｐｒocｅｓsismosｔcleａｒlyseeｎareclｏthｉnｇａndmusｉc．Ｓome?ｐeoｐｌeｃanｓtｉｌｌremｅmbeｒａt(yī)imewhｅnT—ｓｈiｒts,ｊoggingclothes，tennisｓhoeｓ,denｉmjacｋets,andbｌuejeａnsｗeｒenotcomｍoｎｄailｙweaｒeverywhere．Onlｙtwentyyeaｒsago,itｗaspossiｂleｔｏsｐｏｔanAmeriｃanｉnParisbyhisoｒhｅｒcｌotｈｅｓ.Nｏｌｏngerso:tｈoseｂｒｉghｔcｏｌors，chｅckｅreｄjaｃkｅtsanｄtroｕｓeｒs，hatsandｓockｓwhichwereonceｍadｅfuｎｏfincartｏonｓarebaｃkａgaiｎinPaｒｉsaｓthelatｅstfashion.Amｅrｉｃａninｏrigin,ｉnforｍａlｃｌothｉnghａsbｅcｏｍetｈｅworld＇ｓfirｓttrulyuniveｒsalstyｌｅ．Tｈesitｕａt(yī)ｉonwithＡmericanpｏpuｌarｍｕｓｉciｓｍplexｂecauｓeintｈebｅgiｎninｇ，wｈｅniｔwａssｔilｌclearlｙAmerｉｃan，itwasoｆtｅnstrｏnglyresｉsted．Jazｚwasoｎcethoughttobeaｇreａt(yī)danｇertｏyoｕthandｔheirｍorａlｓ，andwasactuallyｏｕtlaｗedinｓeｖeraｌcounｔｒieｓ。Tｏdaｙ,whiｌｅstｉllshｏｗinｇｉtｓratherＡmericanｒoots,ithａsｂecomeｓoweｌlestaｂlisheｄ。Ｒocｋ’n，ｒｏｌlaｎdallitsvａｒiatｉonｓ,cｏuntry&wｅsternmusｉｃ'^，allhavemorｅoｒlｅsssimｉlａrhisｔories。Theｙｗerefirstresｉｓｔｅd，oｆteｎinAmerｉcaasｗell,aｓbeinｇ＂ｌoｗ—class，”andthenas”ａｄanｇｅrtooｕrnation’ｓyouth”．TｈeBＢC,ｆorexａｍplｅ，ｂannｅｄrocｋaｎdrolluntｉl196２。?Andthｅnthｅｍｕsiｃbｅｃａmeacceptｅdaｎｄwasexteｎdeｄanｄdeveloped，ａndｅｘpoｒteｄbａｃｋｔoｔhｅUS.第四篇、Whｅndｏｐeopleｄｅciｄｅwheｔherornｏttheyｗanttobecomefｒiends？Ｄｕrinｇtheiｒfｉｒstｆourmiｎuteｓtogether，accordingtｏabookbyDrＬｅonardZuｎiｎ．Iｎｈiｓboｏｋ，"Contａcｔ：Theｆirstfｏurｍinutes”heｏffｅrsthiｓaｄvicｅtoanyｏneiｎteｒeｓｔedinstaｒtingnewfrｉendshiｐs；” Evｅrｙtiｍeyoumeetsoｍeｏnｅｉnaｓocialsｉtuation，gｉvehiｍｙourunｄivｉｄeｄａt(yī)ｔenｔiｏnfｏrｆｏuｒｍinutes。Ａｌoｔofpeoｐｌｅ’swhoｌeｌiveｓwoｕldｃhaｎgeｉftheydidjuｓtthａt(yī).＂Yｏumayｈavenｏticedthaｔtheａｖｅrａgepersondoesnｏtｇivehisuｎdiｖiｄｅdａt(yī)tentiontosomeoneheｈａsjustmet．Hｅkeｅpslookｉnｇｏverｔheｏtherperｓｏｎ’sｓhｏuｌdeｒ,asｉｆhopｉnｇtｏfindsomｅonｅｍoreinterestinginanｏthｅrpaｒtoftherooｍ。 Ifａnyonｅhaseveｒdｏｎethiｓｔoyｏu，youｐrobablydidnotlikeveｒymuch.Whｅnweareiｎｔrｏdｕｃedｔｏｎewpeople，ｔｈeaｕｔhorｓugｇestｓ，weｓhoulｄtryｔoaｐpeａrｆrieｎdlyaｎdｓｅｌf—confident．Ingeneｒal,ｈesaｙｓ，”Peoｐlelｉkepｅopｌewhｏｌｉkethｅmselｖｅs’.，'Onｔheotherｈanｄ,weshoulｄnotｍaketheotheｒpeｒsonthinkｗeaｒeｔoｏsuｒeoｆｏurｓｅlveｓ。Itiｓimpｏrtaｎttoappeａeｒestedandsyｍｐaｔhetic’ｒealiｚingtｈattheoｔhｅrｐeraonｈaｓhｉsｏwnnｅｅds,ｆears，aｎdhopes．Hearingsuｃhadｖiｃe,onｅmightsaｙ,"BuｔI＊mnotafrieｎｄｌｙ,seｌf—coｎfidentｐersoｎ.Ｔｈat'ｓnotmynature。Itwouldbｅｄishｏnestｆormeｔｏａcｔtｈａt(yī)ｗａy?！盜ｎｒｅpｌy，Dr。Zｕninwoｕldcｌaｉｍｔhataｌiｔtleｐrａｃticecａnｈelpuｓfeeｌcｏmfｏrtａbleaboutｃhangingｏｕrｓoｃialhabiｔs.Ｗecanｂecameacｃustomedｔｏaｎyｃhaｎgesweｃｈooｓｅtomaｋeiｎｏuｒｐersonａｌity.＂Itiｓlikegｅttingusｅｄｔｏａｎewｃａr。itmaybｅunｆａｍiliaratfirst,butitｇoesmｕchbetterthanthｅoldone，＂Buｔisn’titdishonesttogivetheａppｅaranceoffriendlyｓeｌf—confidencewｈｅｎwｅｄoｎ'tactuaｌlyfeelthatwａy？Ｐerhaps,ｂutacｃordｉngtｏＤr，Ｚunin，＂totalhonｅｓty＂ｉsnoｔａｌwaysｇooｄforsocｉaｌrelａｔｉonｓｈiｐs^,espeｃｉallydｕrinｇｔｈefirｓｔｆewmｉｎuteｓofcontａcｔ。Thereisaｔimeforeveryｔｈiｎg，anｄａceｒtainaｍouｎtofｐlay—acｔｉnｇmaybeｂeｓｔforthefirstfewmｉnutesoｆconｔａｃtwiｔｈastｒanger^,Thatｉｓnotthetimepｌainabｏutonｅ＇shealthoｒtｏmeｎtｉｏnｆaｕｌｔｓoｎefｉndｓｉnoｔｈerpeoｐlｅ。Iｔisnottｈetimetoteｌlｔｈewｈoletｒuthaboｕｔone＇sopinｉonsaｎdimpreｓsions．Ｍucｈoｆwhａt(yī)ｈasbeensaｉdaboutstrangerｓalｓoappｌieｓtｏ*relａt(yī)ionshipｓwithfaｍｉlymembersandfｒiends．Ｆoraｈusbaｎｄaｎdwｉfeｏrａpareｎtandcｈiｌd，proｂlemsｏftenaｒisedurｉngtheirfirstfｏurminutestogetｈeraｆteｒtheyhavebeｅnapaｒｔ.Ｄr。Zunｉｎsuggeststｈatthｅseｆiｒsｔfewmｉnutestoｇetherbetreateｄwｉtｈcare。Iｆthｅreａreunｐｌeａsaｎtmattｅｒsｔobediｓcussed，theyshｏuldbeｄealtｗithlａｔer．Thｅauthorｓａyｓtｈａt(yī)interｐeｒsoｎaｌrelatiｏｎsｓhoｕldｂｅtａｕghtasaｒeｑuiredcoｕrse^ｉnevｅrｙscｈoｏl,alongwithｒｅadiｎg,wrｉtiｎg，andmathemaｔics．Ｉnhisｏpiniｏn，succeｓsｉｎlｉfｅdependsｍainlyonhoｗweｇetａlongwitｈotherpeoｐｌe．Ｔｈatisａt(yī)leａｓtａｓｉmporｔaｎｔａshowmucｈweknow．第五篇、Severaｌtypesoffinancｉalｒisｋareencｏuｎtereｄininternaｔionalmaｒkｅtinｇ；themajorｐroblｅmsinｃｌudecommercial，ｐoｌiticａｌ，aｎdfｏreigneｘchangerisk.Commｅrcｉalｒisksarｅhanｄｌedesｓｅntiallyaｓnｏrmalcｒｅｄiｔriskｓｅnｃouｎｔeｒedｉnｄay—to—ｄaybｕsinessＴheyincluｄesolveｎｃy，ｄefａuｌt，oｒrefusaltoｐａybills．Themajorrisk,howｅver，iscompetiｔionwhｉchcaｎonlyｂｅｄeａltwithｔｈroughconsisｔentlyeffｅctｉvｅmａｎａｇeｍｅnｔaｎｄmarｋetiｎg.Onｅｕniqｕeriskencｏｕnteredbｙtｈeiｎternaｔionａlmarｋｅteｒinｖolveｓfinanｃiａｌaｄjusｔｍents．Suｃhｒｉsｋｉsencounteredｗhenacoｎtroversyaｒisesａbouttｈeｑualiｔyofgoodsdeliｖereｄ，adisputeoveｒｃoｎtraｃtｔｅrms,oranyotherdisagreementoveｒwhichpaymｅntiｓwiｔhheld。Onecｏmpany，fｏrexample，shｉppedｓｅveralｈundrｅdtonｓｏｆdeｈydratｅdpotatoeｓtoadｉstｒibutoｒinGermany.Ｔhｅdiｓｔriｂutoｒteｓｔｅdｔhesｈｉpmentanddｅclareｄｉtｔobｅbeloｗａcceｐtableｔastｅａndteｘturestaｎdards.Thealterｎativeｓｆｏrthｅｅｘportｅrwｅreredｕcｉｎgｔhｅpｒice,reｓelliｎgtｈeｐoｔａt(yī)oｅs，oｒｓhiｐpinｇｔhemhomeａｇａin，eａchinvｏlｖｉｎgconsiderablecost．Ｐoliｔｉcalrｉskrelatｅsｔo^theprｏbleｍsofwaroｒrevｏlｕｔiｏn，cuｒreｎcyinｃoｎvertibilitｙ^,eｘpropriatiｏｎｏreｘpulsｉon，andｒestrictiｏnoｒcanｃellａt(yī)ionofimpoｒtlｉcｅnses.Polｉticalriｓｋisaｎenｖｉronｍentalconｃeｒnforalｌbusiｎｅｓｓeｓ．Mａｎageｍｅntiｎformationsyｓtemsａnｄeｆfｅctiｖｅdeｃision－makiｎgproceｓseｓarethebｅsｔdefeｎsesａｇａｉnstpｏlｉticａlｒｉｓｋ.Asmaｎｙcompanieshavediscoｖerｅd,ｓometimestherｅiｓnｏｗaytoavoidpｏliticalrisk’＊，ｓomaｒkeｔersｍustｂeｐrepaｒedtoａssumetheｍorgiveｕpｄoｉngbusinｅssinaｐartｉcuｌａrmarkｅt。Exchanｇｅ—ratefluｃｔｕａt(yī)iｏnsinevitａbｌycauseｐroblｅms，butfｏｒmanyyeａｒs，mostfiｒmｓｃoulｄｔaｋepｒｏtｅｃtivｅactｉontoｍiｎimｉzｅtｈeiｒunfavoｒａbｌeeffｅctsFloatｉnｇｅｘchangerａt(yī)esofthewoｒld’smajorcｕrreｎｃiｅsｈaｖｅｆorcedalｌmarketerstobeespｅｃiａllyawareofｅxchangｅ—ｒateflucｔuationsａndthenｅeｄtｏcompenｓａt(yī)eforｔhemintheiｒfinaｎｃialpｌanning。．Iｎterｎａt(yī)iｏｎａlＢｕｓinｅssMachiｎeCorpoｒatioｎ，forｅxample,rｅpoｒteｄtｈatｅxｃhaｎｇeloｓｓesresultediｎadramatic2１．6perceｎｔdrｏpinthｅirｅａｒｎingsinthｅｔｈirdquａｒterof1981。Beforeraｔeｓwerｅpｅrmittedtofloat，devａluaｔｉoｎｓｏｆmajorcｕrｒencｉesweｒeｉｎfｒｅqｕenｔanｄｕｓuａllｙｃouldbeａnticipａｔed，buteｘｃhａｎｇｅ-rａt(yī)ｅfluｃtuaｔｉonsinthｅfloatsystｅmａredａilyaffaｉrs。第六篇、Mobilephoneｓｓhouldcaｒｒyalａbelｉfｔheyprovｅd'ｔｏbｅadangeroｕｓｓoｕｒｃeofｒaｄiaｔｉon，aｃｃoｒdiｎgｔoRoberｔBelｌ,ascieｎtｉｓt．Ａｎdnｏmoｒeｍoｂiｌephonｅtransｍittertowersｓhoｕldbebuｉlｔuｎtilthelong—teｒｍheaｌｔheffectｓoｆｔｈｅeｌectｒｏmaｇnｅｔｉcradｉaｔioｎtheyｅmitａrescientifｉcallyevａluatｅd，ｈesａiｄ."Nｏｂｏdy’sgoingtoｄroｐdeadovernｉｇht^ｂutwｅｓhouｌdbeaｓkｉｎgforｍorescientiｆicｉnformａt(yī)iｏn．"RｏｂertBｅllｓaidaｔａｃｏｎferｅnｃeｏnｔｈｅhealtheffｅctsoflｏw—levｅlraｄiation。"Ifmobileｐhoneｓarefoundｔｏｂｅｄａnｇerouｓ，tｈeyshouldcarrｙaｗaｒninglabeｌuntilprｏpｅｒｓhieldscａnbｅdｅvised．＂heｓａiｄ。Areporｔwidｅlｙcircｕlaｔedａmoｎgtｈepubliｃｓａystｈatuｐtoｎｏwsｃienｔistｓｄｏnotreallｙknoｗ

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lｐroblｅms，sucｈａshｅadacheandｖｏmiｔing，ｔhataｒｅlｉnkedｔohｅat。MostｐｅoplesuffeｒonｌymｕscleｐainasaｒesuｌtoｆheatstressＴｈepａiｎisawaｒningtｈattｈebodyisbecｏminｇｔoohot^.Docｔorssａyｔhoｓesuffeｒingｈeadacheormusclepainshｏuｌdstｏpaｌlａcｔivitｙandresｔinａｃoｏlplａｃeanddrinｋcｏｏlliqｕids．Ｄonotｒeｔurntｏphysicａｌａｃtivitｙ^forafewhｏurｓbｅcaｕsｅmorｅｓeriｏuscondｉtiｏｎscouldｄeｖeｌoｐ．Doｃtorssaysｏmepeopｌefａｃｅａninｃreａsｅdｄａngeｒｆｒomheaｔstrｅsｓ.Suｃhperｓonshａveawｅakｏrdamａgedheaｒt，hｉghblooｄpｒessure，orothｅrproblemｓｏftheｂｌoodｓysｔem．Hoｔｗｅａt(yī)hｅralsoｉncｒｅａｓesdaｎgersfoｒｐeopｌewhomusttakeｍedicineforhigｈｂｌoｏdpresｓure*,poorｂｌoodfloｗ，nerｖousneｓｓordeｐreｓｓion.第十篇、Ａtpiｃnics，aｎｔsａreｐeｓts．Bｕtｔhｅyｈaｖetｈeiruses。Iｎｉｎduｓtriessucｈaｓｍinｉnｇ,farminganｄfｏrestry，theycanhelpgaugｅｔｈeｈｅaｌｔhoftheenｖirｏｎmｅｎｔｂyjustcrawｌingarｏｕnｄanｄbｅingantｓｙ.Iｔhasｂeenｒecogniｚedfordecaｄes^thatants―wｈichａreｈｉgｈlyｓensｉtｉｖetｏecological

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ｆｏrinstａｎce,ｗｉlｌｃonｔiｎueｔothｒiｖｅaｔaforestｓiｔetｈatｈaｓｂeenclearｅdoftｒees.Otｈersｗiｌldｉeoutfｏｒｌａckoffｏod.Andsｔillotherｓwｉlｌmoｖｅinandtakeｕpresｉdence。Bｙｌoｏｋingａt(yī)whichspecieｓｐopｕlatｅaｄeforestｅｄaｒｅa,ｓｃienｔiｓtｓcanｄeterminehｏw＂stressed＂thelａnｄｉｓ．Tｈeydotｈisbysｏrtｉnｇtheants，countｉnｇtheirnumｂerｓaｎdcｏmpａringｔｈereｓultswiththoｓｅofearliersurｖeys.Antｓarｅusedsiｍｐlｙbｅcausetｈeyarｅsocｏmmｏnａｎdｃｏmprｉｓesomanysｐeｃｉｅs．Ｗheｒeminｅｓitesareｂeiｎgｒestored，forexaｍｐle，someantspecieｓｗｉｌlｒｅcoｌｏｎｉzethestｒippedlａndmoｒequiｃｋｌytｈanoｔhｅrs。Tｈiｓａｌlｏwedsciｅntｉｓtstｏgａugeｔheｐａceandｐroｇreｓsｏftheeｃolｏｇicalrｅcoｖeｒy.AustraｌiaｎmｉｎingcompaｎｙＣapricornＣoalManagｅｍenｔhaｓｂeenｓｕcｃessｆuｌｌｙusｉnganｔsuｒｖeysforyｅarｓtodetｅrmiｎetheｒatｅofreｃoveryoｆlandtｈatiｔiｓｒeｐlantinｇneaｒitsGｅｒmanCreeｋmｉneｉnＱuｅenslａｎd。Aｎtsurvｅysaｌｓohavebｅenｕｓedｗitｈminｅ—ｓｉtｅrecoｖerｙpｒojectsｉnAｆrｉcaａｎdＢrazil,whｅrｅｗaｒmｃlimaｔｅｓｅncouｒａgｅｄenseanddiveｒseａnｔｐoｐulａt(yī)ionｓ。＂Wｅfoundiｔworkeｄeｘtｒeｍelywｅlｌtｈere.sａysJonaｔhaｎＭajｅｒ,aｐrofessorｏfenｖironmentaｌbiology。Yｅtｔｈesurveｙｓarｅｐｅrfectlyｓｕitｅdｔoclｉmａt(yī)eｓthroughoｕｔAsia,hesays，bｅcauseａｎtsａresocｏｍmonthｒｏughoｕttｈeｒegiｏn．AsＭajerpuｔsit：”Tｈａｔ’ｓthegrｅattｈiｎgａboutanｔｓ^。"Antsurvｅｙsaｒesｏhiｇhｌｙ-regarｄｅdａseｃologｉcalindｉｃatｏrｓｔhａt(yī)goｖernmｅnｔsworldwideacｃept?thｅirrｅsultswｈeｎassessingtheeｎvｉronｍentalimpactｏfmｉningａndtrｅｅhａｒvｅstｉng’＊。Yetinoｔhｅrbusinesses，sｕchasfarmingａndｐrｏpertｙdeｖｅlｏｐmeｎt，ａｎｔsurveysaｒen'ｔuｓedwiｄely。Ｗhyｎot？Ｂｅｃauseｍanycｏmpanieｓcan'ｔaffｏｒdtｈeexpenseｏrthｅlaｂoraｔorｙtipiｅnｅedｅdtosiｆtｒesuｌtｓfｏrａcompｒｅhｅnsｉvesurvｅy。Tｈecostｓteｍs,alsｏ，ｆrｏmtheｓcａrciｔyofaptｓpecialisｔs。Ｅmpｌｏyiｎgthｏｓepeoｐｌeａｒeｅｘpeｎsiｖe第篇、Drｉvinginｖolvessharpeyｅsaｎdkeenears,ａｎalyzinｇwithabrain，anｄcoordｉnaｔｉｏnｂetwｅｅnhａnds，ｆeetandbrain．Amａnhaｓｓｈarpeyesanｄｋｅeｎears,ａｎalyzestｈｒougｈhisｂrain，andmaintainsｃoordinaｔiｏnbeｔwｅenhｉshanｄｓanｄbｒaiｎs．Hecａnconｔrolafast-moｖｉngcaｒwｉtｈdifｆeｒｅｎtpartsofhｉsbｏdy．Buthowdｏeｓanｉｎtelligenｔｃarｃｏntrolitsｅｌｆ??Ａｐpａrentlytheｒeiｓn＇ｔanyoｎeiｎｔｈeｄｒivｅr＇scａb，buｔthereisinfａctａvirｔualdriｖeｒ^.Thisvirtualｄriverhaｓeyes，ｂrａins,hanｄsanｄfeeｔｔoo。Theminicaｍerａｓoneａchｓiｄeofｔhecarareitｓｅyesandａreresponsｉbleforobservingｔherｏaｄｃｏndiｔionsaheadofitaｓwellａsthetraffictoiｔsleftandｒigｈt.Iｆｙｏｕopentheboot，youcanseｅthemosｔimpｏrｔａｎｔpａrtofthｅaｕtoｍaticｄrivingsystem:aｂuiｌｔ－ｉｎcomputer，Tｈiｓisｔｈebraｉｎoｆtｈecａr。Ｔｈeｂrainoｆtheｃarｉsrｅｓpoｎsｉｂlefｏrcalｃuｌａt(yī)ingthesｐeedsｏｂjeｃtsｓｕrｒoundinｇthｅcaraｒemoｖingａt(yī)^ａnａlyｚｉnｇtｈeｉrpoｓｉtｉonontｈeroad,cｈoosiｎｇtheｒｉghtpath,andｇivingｏrdeｒstoｔｈｅwheelandtheｃｏnｔroｌsystem．Incoｍparisonwｉthｔhehumanｂrain,tｈeｖｉｒｔｕaldｒｉveｒ'sbestaｄvantaｇeisthａt(yī)ｉtｒｅactｓqｕｉckｌy，Ｉｔcｏmpleｔesｔhepｒocessiｎｇoftｈeiｍａgｅsseｎｔbythecamｅrａsｗｉｔｈｉn１00ｍiｌlｉsｅconds。Hｏweｖer，iｔｔａkesthewｏrld’sbｅｓtraｃｅｃａrdrivｅrａt(yī)leａｓtｏｎeseｃondｔoreact,ａndthiｓdｏｅsｎ'tincｌｕdｅtｈｅtiｍｅｈenｅedｓtotaｋeaｃtion．Withiｔsｒaｐiｄrｅactiｏnandａcｃuraｔecontroｌ，thevirｔuaｌｄrｉvｅrcａnｒｅduceｔheaccidenｔｒatｅonexpresｓwａysconsideｒａbly。Iｎｔhiｓcaｓe，ｉsitｐｏssibleforｕstolｅｔiｔhａvethewheefａt(yī)ａnytimeａndｉｎanｙplace?Expertssayｔhatｗecannｏtdoｔhatjustｙet.Wｉtｈitslｉmiteｄabiliｔｙtorecognizethiｎgs，thecａrcannｏｗonlｙｔraｖｅｌoｎｅｘpｒessways.Theｉntelligentｃardeteｒｍｉneｓitsdireｃｔｉonbytheclearliｎesthatmaｒktｈelａnescleａrlｙａnｄｒeｃogniｚesveｈicｌesａccoｒdｉｎｇtｏtheｉrreｇularshａpｅｓ.Ｈoｗeｖｅr，itｃaｎnotrecoｇnizemovｉngpeoｐleanｄbicyclｅsonordｉｎaryrｏadsｔhatｈaｖｅｎｏcleaｒｍarkｉｎgsoｎthem.Ｔhisbeingtｈecaｓe＊，ｐｅｏplestillｈavｅｈigｈhｏｐｅsaｂoutdriveｒｌesｓcａｒs，andｔhinkhｉｇhｌｙintｅllｉgｅｎtcａrsａｒｅwｈaｔthecarsｏfｔhefｕturｅshoulｄbelike^.*第十二篇、Ｔhｅlistofillsattributabletoobeｓｉtykｅepｓgｒowinｇ:Lastweek，obesｅpeoplewereaccusedofcauｓiｎgglobalwaｒmｉｎg．ThｉsconｃlｕsioncoｍesｆｒｏmSｈeｌdonＪａcobsonｏftｈｅUniversiｔyofＩllinois，US，aｎdａdoctｏｒａl

ｓｔuｄeｎｔ,LauraMｃLay。Theirｓtｕdycalculａt(yī)ｅsｈoｗmuchexｔragasｏlｉneiｓneeｄedtｏhaulfat?Ameｒｉcaｎsaｒoｕｎd。Ｔhｅaｎswｅr,ｔｈｅysaｙ,isａbｉllｉongallonsoｆgasperyeaｒ。Itmｅansａiieｘtra１１ｍiｌliontoｎｓofcarbonｄioｘideTｈｅrｅhasｂｅｅncallsｆｏrｔａｘeｓｏnjuｎkfｏod^inｒeｃｅntｙｅaｒs.USecoｎomｉstMarｔｉｎSchmｉｄtｓuｇgeｓｔsatａｘoｎfaｓtfoodｄeliveredtｏpeoｐｌe'scars。"Ｗｅtaxcigaｒeｔtespａｒtｌybｅcauseｏfthｅｉｒｈealthcｏst＂，Schmｉｄtsaid.”Ｓｉmilarly，leａｄiｎgalaｚylifeｓtｙlｅwiｌlｅndｕｐcｏstingｔaｘpayerｓmore．”UＳｐoｌitｉcaｌscｉentistEｒicＯliveｒsaidｈiｓfiｒsｔinstincｔwａstolaughａt(yī)theseｇaｓａndfastfｏoｄargｕments.Butｓuｃhｃlaimsaregetｔingatｔention.ＡtｔheUSOｂｅｓitySｏcｉeｔy'ｓａnnｕalｍｅetiｎｇ,onｅpersonｃorrelatedobesityｗitｈcaraccｉdentdｅａt(yī)hs，aｎｄanothｅrcoｒrelaｔedobesitywiｔhsuicｉｄes．Nｏoneaskedwhetheｒtherewasreaｌlyaｃauｓｅ-and—eｆfectrelationship"Ｔheｆunnythｉnｇwasｔhateｖｅrｙonetｏｏkitseｒioｕsｌy。Oliverｓaid.Iｎa196０sstudy,chｉldreｎｗeｒeｓhｏwｎdraｗｉnｇsofcｈilｄrenwithｄisabilitiesandwitｈouttｈem，aｎdａｄrawiｎｇoｆaｎobeｓechiｌｄ．Tｈeywereaskｅdwhｉｃｈｔheywouldwanｔforａfriｅnd?Theoｂesechilｄｗａspickedlaｓt.Thｒeereseaｒｃhersrｅcｅntlyｒeｐeaｔｅｄthestudyusinｇｃollｅgesｔudents。Oｎceagａin，almostnooｎｅ,notｅｖenobesepeｏple,likedtheobｅsepersoｎ．＂Oｂesitｙwａsstiｇmａt(yī)izeｄ。,,tｈerｅsearcherｓsaiｄ．But，reｓeａrcherssay,getｔiｎgthiniｓｎｏｔlikequiｔtingsｍoｋing.Peoｐlｅsｔruggleｔｏstop?ｓmoｋing，and，ｉｎｔｈｅｅnd，ｍaｎysucceｅd.Ｏbｅsiｔyisdｉffeｒent.But，nｏtｂecauseobeseｐeoｐｌe?don'tｃare．Ｓciｅncehasshownthattｈeyhavelｉmｉtedpｅrsonalcontrolovｅrtheirweｉghｔ．，Gｅnesａlsopｌａyaｐart.＋第十三篇、Inｓhoｐpingmaｌlｓ,ｔheassistantｓｔrytoｐusｈyoｕintｏbuyｉｎg”aｇifttothａnkhｅrｆｏrherunｓｅｌfishlove＂。Ｗｈｅnｙouｌogoｎtｏ^aweｂｓite,asmａllpoｐ-ｕp^invｉtesyoutoｂｏｏｋaｂoｕquｅtｆｏrheｒ.ＣommeｒcｉalwarｍthaｎdgratitudearethｅatmosｐheｒebeingspreａｄaｒｏuｎｄｆorthｉｓｓpecialSｕndayinMay。ＴhｅAmeｒｉcanｖeｒsioｎofMother’sDaywasｔhoｕｇhｔupasearlｙas190５，ｂyAｎnａJaｒvis，aｓａwａｙofrｅcognizｉngtherｅaｌvａｌueofmoｔhｅrhｏod．?ＴhepopuｌａrｉｔｙofＭoｔher＇ｓDayarouｎdthewoｒlｄsuggeststhａt(yī)Jarvｉsgotallshewanted．Iｎｆaｃｔ,ｓhｅgotmoｒｅ―enoｕghtomakｅhｅｒhoｒrifｉed．AｃcordingtｏaresｅaｒchbyｔhｅUSｃardcompanyHallmark，９6pｅrcentofAmericａｎcoｎsuｍerscelebrａt(yī)eｔheｈoｌｉday。?Theyｂuy，amｏnｇｏtherthingｓ，132miｌlioncards。Mｏtｈeｒ＇sDaｙisｔheNｏ１ｈolidaｙｆoｒflｏｗerpurchases。Tｈentherｅａreｔｈevaｒｉouｓcommodiｔｉｅs，ranｇinｇfromｊeweｌrｙandｃloｔhestoｃｏｓmeticsａｎｄwashingｐowdeｒ,ｔhattakｅadvanｔageoｆtAepｒomotｉonｏppｏｒtｕnities。Becauｓｅofthis，Ｊａrvisspenｔthｅlaｓｔ40yearsoｆｈｅrlｉfeｔｒyingｔosｔopＭｏｔｈeｒ＇sDay。Oneｐｒotesｔagainｓtthecommercialiｚａt(yī)iｏｎofMoｔhｅr＇sDaｙeｖｅngoｔｈerarrested-fｏrdiｓｔurbingtｈepeace，interestinｇly。Butwhａt(yī)’ｓmore,commｅrcialismｃhangeｓyoungｐｅｏple’satｔitｕdeｔowardsmotｈerhooｄ。AsRalｐhFeｖre，areｐｏrterattｈeＵKneｗｓpapｅrTheGuaｒdian，ｏbseｒｖｅ，ｔradｉtionally”motｈeｒｈoodissomｅtｈｉnｇtｈaｔｗedobｅcauseｗetｈinkit’ｓｒigｈt．＂Butiｎtｈelogｉcｏfcommeｒｃｉaｌiｓm，ｐeｏｐleｎeedｓｏｍｅthinｇinexchａngefｏｒtheｉrtimeandenergy。Acarｅerseｒveｓthisｐurｐoｓｅbetter.Inadditｉon，ｗomeｎaｒeｂeingencｏuragｅdtoｐuｒsuｅanyｃareertheydeｓire. Sotheyｗｏrkhａrdａndｐlａyhａrｄ。Ｂecoｍinｇamother，hｏwｅvｅｒ，inevｉｔａbｌyhaｎdicapｓcareeranticipatiｏn。Asarｅsulｔ，motｈerhooｄhassuffｅｒedahuｇｅdｒｏｐｉｎstatｕssincetｈe１95０ｓ.Ａｃ