進階大學(xué)英語第五單元課后練習(xí)答案

KeytoExercisesOpener1.Thespeakeristalkingabout

thecomingglobalwatercrisis/waterproblem.2.Wateristhekeycomponentinourdailylife,notonlyfor

humanuse,butforenergy,industry,

agriculture,andlivestock.3.Ifyoulookat

theearth,youwillnoticethatover75%ofourblueplanetiswater.Buttheproblemisonly3%ofthatwateris

freshwater.Transcript:Today,accordingtoUNICEF,atleast2.6billionpeoplelackadequatesanitation,while1.1billionpeoplelivewithoutcleandrinkingwaterperiod.Wateristhekeycomponentinallofourdailylivesnomatterwherewelive,notonlyforhumanuse,butforenergy,industry,agriculture,andlivestock.Nowifyoulookattheearth,you’llnoticethatover75%ofourblueplanetiswater.Theproblemisonly3%ofthatwaterisfreshwater.Reading&InteractingI.UnderstandingtheText1.TextOrganization1.1Paras.1-2:Weneedtoconservewateraggressivelysothatscientistscanhavetimetofindsolutions.Paras.3-7:Waterisgoingtobethemostimportantandmostcontentiousresourceofthe21stcentury.Paras.8-9:Therearesolutions,buttheytaketime.Para.10:Aggressiveconservationisneededtobuyustimebeforescientistsfindsolutions.1.21)Waterisonthewaytobecomingthemostimportantresourceofthe21stcentury.Gettingwaterrightisthegreatchallengetheworldisconfrontedwith.Tomeetthechallengeconservationshouldcomefirst;thenfollowitupwithnewsolutions.2)Tointroducethewaterproblem,theauthortellsusaboutwhathappenedonenightwhenheandhisseven-year-olddaughterwerebrushingteethtogether.Insodoingtheauthortriestointroducethereadertoaserioustopicinacasualmanner.Besides,italsoremindsusofthefactthateveryonecanplayarole,eveninourdailylife,insavingwater.3)HecitesthelateNobelLaureateRichardSmalley’slistofhumanity’stop10problemsforthenext50years.4)Hewantstoshowthereaderhowdifficultitisforustofindasolutiontothewaterproblem.5)Herepeatswhathesaysatthebeginningofthearticle:Thewaterproblemcanbesolvedbut“Thescientistsneedtime.”2.ComprehensionCheck2.1FocusingonthemainideasInhis2003speechatRiceUniversity’sEnergy&NanotechnologyConference,thelateNobelLaureateRichardSmalleyhighlightedthe

top

10problemsforthenext50years.Inhislist,

energy

sitsatthetop,andwatercomesnext.Now,withthepriceofsolarpowergoingdown,thedawnofanewenergy

era

isjustaroundthecorner.Asaresult,

water

isgoingtobethegreatestchallengeforhumanity.Butthewaterproblemis

complicated.First,unlikecoalandoil,watercannotbe

replaced.Second,wateris

intertwined

witheveryothersectorofsociety.Third,whilewaterdemandsaregrowing,climatechangeisintensifyingdroughtsandfloodsandwatersuppliesare

fluctuating.Therearesolutions,suchasbuildingwater-transferaqueducts,hydroelectricdams,anddesalinationplants.Buttheymaybeincredibly

expensive.Itwill

taketime

forscientiststofindaffordablesolutionstothewaterproblem.Beforethat,everyoneshoulddohisorherbitto

conserve

water.2.2Diggingintodetail5.Aregionalconferenceon

theconservationof

fisheryresourceswillbeheldinSeoulnextweek.2.ConfusableWords2.11.LaborDayintheUSfallsonthe

first

MondayinSeptember.2.Thespeakerseemedalittlenervous

atfirst,butafterashortwhilebecamerelaxed.3.YouwanttolearnmakingChinesedumplings?

First

ofall,letmeshowyouhowtomakedough.4.Itwassunnybutcoolwhenwestarted.Sothejourneywasquitepleasant

atfirst.Thenallofasuddentherecameathunderstorm.2.21.Canadaisacountryrichinnatural

resources.2.Thetravelerswalkedupstreamuntiltheyreachedthe

source

oftheriver.3.Sofartherehasbeennoresponsefromofficial

sources.4.Withsuchlimited

resources,themanagerhasbeendoingremarkablywelltokeeptheorganizationgoing.3.SentencePatterns3.11.Thefactthathehasfullyrecoveredfromhisbadaccidentshowsthatmedicinecanworkwonders.2.Thereason(that)businessesaremovingtheirplantstodevelopingcountriesisthatlaborcostsintheirhomecountriesaretoohigh.3.Ifwegoonignoringthefactthatourriversarerunningdryorbeingpolluted,theconsequenceswillnotbehardtopredict.4.Thereason(that)foodpricesarerisingisthatlastyear’scropwasn’tgood.3.21.Whetherthechickencamebeforetheegg,ortheeggbeforethechicken,isaquestionofhowlifebeganingeneral.2.Isawheronthepointoftearswhenshegottheresultoftheexam.Idon’tknowwhetherweshouldgotocomfortherorjustleaveheralone.3.It’snotclearwhethershestillwantstogotothelakeorhaschangedhermind.4.Manyyoungmarriedcouplesarewonderingwhethertheyshouldbuyorjustrentanapartment.4.ComprehensivePractice1.A:WhywilloilceasetobetheNo.1problemofourtime?B:Thedawnofanewenergyeraisjust

aroundthecorner.Oilpricesare

goingdown

becausesolarpowerisbecomingcheaper.Besides,improvementsinenergy

efficiency,whilehelpingtocreateaclean

environment,arereducingwasteandthedemandforoil.2.A:Whyisn’titeasytosolvethewaterproblem?B:Becausewaterisfar

morecomplicated

thanenergy.Noother

resourcecanreplace

water,soitisimpossibletofind

analternativeto

it.Besides,waterdemandisrising,butwatersupplyisfluctuatingasaresultofclimatechange.3.A:Whyisitimportantforustoconservewater?

B:Waterisgoingtobethemostcontentious

resource

ofthe21stcentury.Itwilltriggergeopolitical

conflicts.That’swhywater

conservation

isnotonly

intheinterestof

oureconomybutalsoataskof

strategic

importance.Reading&ComprehendingReading11.ComprehensionCheckforReading11)T2)F3)T4)F5)T6)T7)T8)T9)F10)T2.Translation1.地球的水只有不到3%是淡水，并且大部分都被堵在雪地和冰川中，不容易獲取。2.……但不幸的是，許多因素嚴重擾亂了淡水的流動和使用，使地球的許多地區(qū)出現(xiàn)大面積的危機。3.這意味著如果我們在保護水和明智用水方面無所作為，所有地區(qū)遲早都將遭遇水危機及隨之而來的影響。4.絕不要以為你所處的社會先進，不至于會出現(xiàn)缺水問題。Reading2ComprehensionCheckforReading21.Pollutionandscarcity.2.Thesourcesofpollutionincludemanufacturingemissions,poorlytreatedsewage,industrialspillsandagriculturalrunoff.3.Itmeansthatthewaterproblemdidnothappenovernight;insteaditresultedfromourage-oldpracticeofpollutingwaterorwastingwaterinadditiontonaturalcontaminationandnaturaldisasters.4.Asustainable,long-termsolution.IntegratedSkillsPracticingI.Viewing&Listening1)Segment1ConsidertheAralSea,forexample,locatedincentralAsia.ThenameAralSeaisactuallytranslatedinto“SeaofIslands”,referringtoover1,534islandsthatonceexisted.TodaytheAralSeais

down

to10%ofitsoriginal

size.Thesamethingishappeninginotherareasthatwereonceflourishing(but)arenow

turningintodesert.2)Segment2IntheU.S.,theworld’slargestbodyoffreshwater,theOgallalaAquifer,anundergroundlakethatextendsfromtheColoradoRockiestoSouthDakotagoingallthewaydowntotheTexasPanhandlewitharangeof

50to300

feetofdepth.ThiswaterresourceiswhathasmadeAmerica’splainsthe“breadbasket”oftheworld.Unfortunately,likeanoilwell,this

won’tlastforever.TheOgallalausedtohaveanaveragedepthof240feet.Todayitsaveragedepthisjust

80feet.3)Segment3WhatoncewasaboomingtownthatreliedontheOgallalaAquifer,hasnowseenitsdepthsofundergroundwater

fall

between0-50feet.Manywellsare

completelydry

andfarmershavebeenforcedto

handovertheirland

tothegovernment’sConservationReserveProgram(CRP)inexchangeforgrants.4)Segment4ConsidertheColoradoriveraswell,ariverthatusedtorunintothePacific.

Notanymore.BythetimethewaterfillsthepoolsofVegasandirrigatesandprovides

drinkingwater

throughoutthewest,

notadrop

ofwatermakesittothe

ocean.Transcript:Today,accordingtoUNICEF,atleast2.6billionpeoplelackadequatesanitation,while1.1billionpeoplelivewithoutcleandrinkingwaterperiod.Wateristhekeycomponentinallofourdailylivesnomatterwherewelive,notonlyforhumanuse,butforenergy,industry,agriculture,andlivestock.Nowifyoulookattheearth,you’llnoticethatover75%ofourblueplanetiswater.Theproblemisonly3%ofthatwaterisfreshwater.Over260riverbasinsaresharedbytwoormorecountriesandmostoftheseriversarewithoutdefinedlegalorinstitutionalarrangements.ConsidertheAralSea,forexample,locatedincentralAsia.ThenameAralSeaisactuallytranslatedinto“SeaofIslands”,referringtoover1,534islandsthatonceexisted.TodaytheAralSeaisdownto10%ofitsoriginalsize.Thesamethingishappeninginotherareasthatwereonceflourishing(but)arenowturningintodesert.Areporttitled“AvoidingWaterWars:WaterScarcityandCentralAsia’sGrowingImportanceforStabilityinAfghanistanandPakistan”wasrecentlydonebytheSenateForeignRelationsCommittee.Init,itfocusedonrisingwatertensionsthatcoulddestabilizecentralandsouthAsia.Theimplicationsofawatershortagehasalreadycausedaggravateddemandforagricultureandpowergenerationaccordingtothereport.Water,withoutadoubt,isgoingtobeahugeissuealongwithoilthroughoutthiscentury.IntheU.S.,theworld’slargestbodyoffreshwater,theOgallalaAquifer,anundergroundlakethatextendsfromtheColoradoRockiestoSouthDakotagoingallthewaydowntotheTexasPanhandlewitharangeof50to300feetofdepth.ThiswaterresourceiswhathasmadeAmerica’splainsthe“breadbasket”oftheworld.Unfortunately,likeanoilwell,thiswon’tlastforever.TheOgallalausedtohaveanaveragedepthof240feet.Todayitsaveragedepthisjust80feet.RecentlyastorydoneinTexas,aboutatownnamedHappy,whohassimplyrunoutofwaterforitsfarms.WhatoncewasaboomingtownthatreliedontheOgallalaAquifer,hasnowseenitsdepthsofundergroundwaterfallbetween0-50feet.Manywellsarecompletelydryandfarmershavebeenforcedtohandovertheirlandtothegovernment’sConservationReserveProgram(CRP)inexchangeforgrants.TheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculturerecentlystated,“Thesupplyisgoingtorunoutandtheplainswillbecomeuneconomicaltofarm.”60yearsiswhattheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculturegivesit.Thisisascarythoughtwhenyouthinkaboutthewaywehavebuiltcities,towns,andhomesaroundsomethingthatissimplyunsustainable.ConsidertheColoradoriveraswell,ariverthatusedtorunintothePacific.Notanymore.BythetimethewaterfillsthepoolsofVegasandirrigatesandprovidesdrinkingwaterthroughoutthewest,notadropofwatermakesittotheocean.Ofcoursewecan’thelpbutcommentonhowitisthegovernmentwhohascentrallyplannedpeopletoliveinthemiddleofnowhere,toliveindeserts.Ifafreemarketwouldhavereigned,wewouldseeamuchmorepracticallivingconditionwithverylittle“middleofthedesertliving,”notonlyrelyingoncheapoil,buttherelocationofpreciouswater.Whileresearchingthewatercrisis,FutureMoneyTcameacrossstudiesabouthowinsomeplacesinAfricasomuc