英文翻譯單片機(jī)MCS發(fā)展應(yīng)用

ThedevelopmentandapplicationofMCS-51MCS-51single-chipwasproductedintheUnitedStatesINTEcompaniesin1980,andcomparedwithMCS-48single-chipthestructureofithasmoreadvancedandmorepowerful,intheoriginalbasisofthecircuitanincreaseofmoreunitsanddirectiveamountedto111,MCS-51singlechipcanberegardedasverysuccessfulproduct,untilnow,MCS-51seriesorcompatiblesingle-chipapplicationsisstillthemainstreamproduct,collegesanduniversitiesandprofessionalschools,trainingmaterialsremainedinlinewiththeMCS-51single-chip,asthetheoreticalfoundationforlearning.Wealsocarryouttherepresentationofsystemmodelstoexplain.TherangeofMCS-51single-chip8031,8051and8751mainlyincludesproductssuchasGM,itsmainfunctionisasfollows:8-bitCPU4kbytesprogrammemory(ROM)128bytesofdatamemory(RAM)32ArticleI/Oport111commandline.Mostofthe21single-byteinstructionregister2dedicatedprogrammabletimer/counterinterruptsource5,atwo-priority,full-duplexserialcommunicationporttoexternaldatamemoryaddressspaceforexternal64kBprogrammemoryaddressspacefor64kB-bitaddressinglogicoperationfunction40PinDIPdualin-linepackageSingle+5VPowerSupplyMCS-51withitstypicalstructureandimprovethespecialregistersofthebuscentralizedmanagement,operationofalargenumberoflogicfunctionsandbit-orientedcontrolrichinstructionset,calledforthegenerationof"crew",theothersingle-chipmicrocomputerforlaterlaidthefoundationforthedevelopment.Becauseofitssuperiorperformanceandimprovethestructure,resultinginthesubsequentmanymanufacturersuseormakereferencetomorethanitsarchitecture,therearemanyoftheworld'slargestmakerofelectricalandenrichedanddevelopedtheMCS-51microcontroller,suchasPHILIPS,Dallas,ATMEL,etc.well-knownsemiconductorcompaniesarecompatiblewiththeintroductionoftheMCS-51microcontrollerproducts,andevenChina'sTaiwanWINBONDalsocompatiblewiththedevelopmentofC51(itusedtobereferredtoasMCS-51IfthereisnospecialstatementC51,bothwiththemeanMCS-51Seriessingle-chip)microcontrollervarieties.C51obtainedinrecentyearsthedevelopmentofrapid,C51originINTELasaresultofthecompanywasbusydevelopinghigh-endPCandnotonthemicroprocessortocontinuetodeveloptheirownsingle-chip,andbyothermanufacturerstoitsdevelopment,isthemosttypicalPHILIPSandATMLcompany,PHILIPSmainlytoimproveitsperformance,basedontheoriginaldevelopmentofthehigh-speedI/Oport,A/Dconverter,PWM(pulsewidthmodulation),WDTandotherenhancements,andlow-voltage,micro-powerconsumption,extendedserialbus(I2C)andcontrolnetworkbus(CAN)andotherfunctionsbeimproved.PHILIPSCorporationC51inthedevelopmentoflow-power,highspeedandenhancedfunctionalitymademanycontributionstothedevelopmentofitsfirstmajorC51single-chip,theysave83Cxxand87Cxxseriesofparallelexpansionbus,suitableforcontrolofhouseholdappliancesasacategoryofsingle-chipmicrocomputeroftheeconomy.ATMELCorporationAT89CxxintroducedC51rangeofcompatiblesingle-chip,tobeperfectlyFlash(non-volatileflashmemorytechnology)EEPROMwith80C51corecombinetheuseofC51isstilltheoverallstructureandcommandsystem,Flashcanbeanti-erasableprogrammemorycaneffectivelyreducethedevelopmentcostsandallowforrepeateduseofsingle-chipmicrocomputer.SiemensalsousethecoreofC51,C500serieshasintroducedsingle-chip,whilemaintainingcompatibilitywiththeC51instructionsunderthepremiseoftheperformanceoftheirproductshasbeenfurtherimproved,especiallyintheanti-interferenceperformance,electromagneticcompatibilityandcommunicationcontrolbusuniquefunctions,andtheirproductsarecommonlyusedintheworkingenvironmentoftheoccasion.Alsoappliestothefieldoftelecommunicationsandhomeappliancecontrol.WINBONDTaiwancompanieshavealsodevelopedaseriesofC51-compatiblemicrocontroller,anditsproductstypicallyhaveawealthoffeatures,butalsotoitshighqualityandlowpriceinthemarketalsohasacertainamountofpoints.8051isMCS-51seriessingle-chiprepresentationofproducts.Itintegratedapowerfulcentralprocessingunit,includingtheinstrumentsusedinmultiplicationanddivisionhardware,controlregisters21dedicated,4kBtheprogrammemory,128bytesofdatamemory,4groupsof8parallelport,two16-bitcanbeprogrammingtimer/counter,afull-duplexserialport,aswellastheBooleanprocessor.MCS-51hasarelativelylargeaddressspace,addresslinewidthof16,orexternaldatamemoryandprogrammemoryaddressinganareaof216=64kB,whichiscontrolledasasingle-chipisrelativelylarge,whichatthesametimeavailableontheI/Oportaccess.Inaddition.MCS-51modularstructure,canbeeasilyaddedtoanddeletedamoduleandinstructionscanbepin-compatibleproducts.Thuseasytoformaserializedproducts.MCS-51asaresultofthealmostperfectintegrationofthe8-bitcentralprocessingunit,processing,andcentralprocessingunitinaconvenientandflexibleintegrationofadedicatedregister,thehardwareincreases,subtraction,multiplication,division,andBooleanlogicprocessorandavarietyofcomputingandtransferofcommand,whichwillprovideagreatconvenience.MCS-51instructionsetofnear-perfectcommandsystemcontainscomprehensivedatatransferinstructions,andimproveoperationsofarithmeticandlogicinstructions,easytooperateandcontrolthelogicofcommands,theprogrammingisveryflexibleandconvenient.MCS-51single-chipoperatefrequencyisthe2-12MHz,whentheoscillationfrequencyis12MHz,amachinecycleis1usshouldbesaidthatthepaceisrelativelyfast.Perfectin8051integratesthevariousinterruptsources,theusercanveryeasytocontrolanduseofitsfunctions,thescopeoftheapplicationmakesitup,itcanbesaidtomeetthevastmajorityofapplications.MCS-51makethemainpartsofmicro-computertobeintegratedinaheart-chip,makingdatatransmissiondistancesignificantlyshorter,higherreliability,morepiecesoftheoperatingspeed.Sincethefallofthechipmicro-computer,thefunctionalcomponentsinthechiplayoutandstructureoftheoptimization,toenhanceanti-interferenceability,workisalsorelativelystable.Therefore,intheindustrialmeasurementandcontrolsystem,theuseofsingle-chipistheidealchoice.Typicalsingle-chipembeddedsystems,itisthebestlow-enddevicecontrolsystem.MCS-51requiringalowerlevelofthedevelopmentenvironment,softwareisveryrichinresourcestointroducethefeaturesofbooksandsoftwaredesirableeverywhere,simplyequippedwithaPC(personalcomputer-thecomputerisbasicallynoconfigurationrequired),asimulationprogrammertoachieveproductdevelopment,theearlyuseofDOSsoftwareversion,withthepopularityofWindowssoftware,almostallnowusetheWindowsversion,andawiderangeofsoftware,anarray,themanyvarietiesofsingle-chip,TheC51isthemostabundantenvironmentalresources,whichtoagreatC51userconvenience.MCS-51applications：Single-chipwidelyusedininstrumentsandmeters,householdappliances,medicalequipment,aerospace,specializedequipmentandtheintelligentmanagementinareassuchasprocesscontrol,canbedividedintothefollowingbroadareas:1.InthesmartapplicationofinstrumentationMCS-51issmallsize,lowpowerconsumption,control,andexpansionflexibility,miniaturizationandeaseofuse,widelyusedininstrumentation,thecombinationofdifferenttypesofsensors,canberealized,suchasvoltage,power,frequency,humidity,temperature,flow,speed,thickness,angle,length,hardness,element,measurementofphysicalpressure.MCS-51makesuseofdigitalinstrumentation,intelligence,miniaturizationandfunctionalthantheuseofelectronicordigitalcircuitryevenstronger.Forexample,precisionmeasurementequipment(powermeter,oscilloscope,andanalyzer).2.IntheindustrialcontrolMCUcanconstituteavarietyofcontrolsystems,dataacquisitionsystem.Suchasfactoryassemblylineofintelligentmanagement,intelligentcontrolofthelift,allkindsofalarmsystems,andcomputernetworksconstituteasecondarycontrolsystem.3.IntheapplicationofhouseholdappliancescanbesaidthatalmostallhomeappliancesareusingtheMCS-51control,electricricefromfavorable,washingmachines,refrigerators,airconditioners,colorTVandotheraudiovideoequipment,electronicweighingandthenequipment,allkinds,everywhere.4.InthefieldofcomputernetworksandcommunicationapplicationsingeneralhaveamodernMCS-51communicationinterface,canbeeasilycarriedoutwithcomputerdatacommunications,computernetworksandininter-applicationcommunicationsequipmenttoprovideanexcellentmaterialconditions,nowBasically,allthecommunicationsequipmenttoachieveaMCS-51microcomputerintelligentcontrol,fromthemobilephone,telephone,mini-program-controlledswitchboards,buildingautomatedcommunicationssystemcall,thetrainwirelesscommunications,andthenyoucanseeday-to-dayworkofmobilephones,Mobilecommunications,suchasradios.5.MCS-51medicalequipmentinthefieldofapplicationofsingle-chipmicrocomputerinmedicaldeviceshaveawiderangeofpurposes,suchasmedicalventilator,variousanalyzers,monitors,ultrasonicdiagnosticequipmentandhospitalcallsystems.Inaddition,single-chipmicrocomputerintheindustrial,commercial,financial,scientificresearch,education,defenseaerospaceandotherfieldshaveawiderangeofuses.SincethebirthofMCS-51afteritenteredthehumanlife,suchaswashingmachines,refrigerators,electronictoys,householdappliances,suchasShouluMCS-51,improvedintelligence,increasedfunctionality,muchlikepeople.SCMwillmakehumanlifemoreconvenient,comfortableandcolorful.Comprehensiveabove,theMCS-51hasbecomeacomputerdevelopmentandapplicationofanimportantaspect.Ontheotherhand,theimportanceofMCS-51applicationalsoisthatitfundamentallychangedthetraditionalcontrolsystemdesignconceptsanddesignmethods.Fromthepastmustbedigitaloranalogcircuitstoachievethemostfunctional,itisnowMCS-51softwarecanbeusedtoachievethemethod.Thissoftwareinsteadofhardwarecontroltechnology,knownasmicro-controltechnology,isatraditionalcontroltechnologyrevolution.朋MCS-5諸1的發(fā)展和按應(yīng)用峰MCS-5腿1單片機(jī)是顏美國INT拿E公司于1衡980年推居出的產(chǎn)品，餃與MCS-怕48單片機(jī)鍬相比，它的杯結(jié)構(gòu)更先進(jìn)彼，功能更強(qiáng)福，在原來的宴基礎(chǔ)上增加屬了更多的電猴路單元和指袖令指令數(shù)達(dá)嫁111條，冶MCS-5句1單片機(jī)可深以算是相當(dāng)盒成功的產(chǎn)品表，一直到現(xiàn)澆在，MCS波-51系列川或其兼容的巧單片機(jī)仍是絨應(yīng)用的主流告產(chǎn)品，各高篇校及專業(yè)學(xué)蜜校的培訓(xùn)教撥材仍與MC喪S-51單拳片機(jī)作為代無表進(jìn)行理論威基礎(chǔ)學(xué)習(xí)。耀我們也以這后一代表性的制機(jī)型進(jìn)行系宵統(tǒng)的講解。賠旋MCS-5鵝1系列單片理機(jī)主要包括咽8031、私8051和編8751等耕通用產(chǎn)品，柏其主要功能袍如下：8位紫CPU4心kbyte雙s程序存屋儲器(RO今M)12牢8byte涼s的數(shù)據(jù)存訪儲器(RA某M)32桶條I/O口庸線111吐條指令，大永部分為單字水節(jié)指令2收1個專用寄竹存器2個控可編程定時漠/計數(shù)器置5個中斷源告，2個優(yōu)先奉級一個全雙琴工串行通信歪口外部數(shù)據(jù)透存儲器尋址抵空間為64趴kB外部球程序存儲器剪尋址空間為念64kB焦邏輯操作位侄尋址功能雙朋列直插40勒PinDI暗P封裝單一帝+5V電源覽供電。MC爪S-51以殊其典型的結(jié)羞構(gòu)和完善的頌總線專用寄苗存器的集中初管理，眾多壽的邏輯位操銜作功能及面酷向控制的豐衡富的指令系址統(tǒng)，堪稱為卸一代肅“感名機(jī)滅”扭，為以后的櫻其它單片機(jī)吃的發(fā)展奠定宮了基礎(chǔ)。正玩因為其優(yōu)越前的性能和完討善的結(jié)構(gòu)，當(dāng)導(dǎo)致后來的菌許多廠商多愿沿用或參考醒了其體系結(jié)缸構(gòu)，有許多潤世界大的電誕氣商豐富和涂發(fā)展了MC老S-51單勢片機(jī)，象P叛HILIP俱S、Dal王las、A騎TMEL等老著名的半導(dǎo)尊體公司都推卷出了兼容M搬CS-51帥的單片機(jī)產(chǎn)辮品，就連我停國的臺灣W輕INBON會D公司也發(fā)曬展了兼容C移51(人們盟習(xí)慣將MC顯S-51簡賞稱C51如化果沒有特別稅聲明，二者奸同指MCS乏-51系列付單片機(jī))的未單片機(jī)品種昆。近年來C趨51獲得了柳飛速的發(fā)展痕，C51的豈發(fā)源公司I灶NTEL由嶄于忙于開發(fā)效PC及高端挑微處理器而斧無精力繼續(xù)禾發(fā)展自己的達(dá)單片機(jī)，而蓋由其它廠商墾將其發(fā)展，也最典型的是鐮PHILI靠PS和AT粒ML公司，呢PHILI筍PS公司主創(chuàng)要是改善其儉性能，在原柱來的基礎(chǔ)上征發(fā)展了高速距I/O口，離A/D轉(zhuǎn)換寨器，PWM協(xié)(脈寬調(diào)制良)、WDT盞等增強(qiáng)功能野，并在低電秩壓、微功耗逮、擴(kuò)展串行緒總線(I縱2C劃)和控制網(wǎng)臘絡(luò)總線(C巖AN)等功致能加以完善項。艱PHILI脹PS公司在包發(fā)展C51講的低功耗，稈高速度和增預(yù)強(qiáng)型功能上涉作了不少貢語獻(xiàn)，當(dāng)初主款要由其來發(fā)罰展C51單狂片機(jī)，他們微的83Cx嫌x和87C液xx系列省情去了并行擴(kuò)業(yè)展總線，適澡合于作為家擋用電器類控伶制的經(jīng)濟(jì)型阿單片機(jī)。浮溪ATMEL忍公司推出的棚AT89C旬xx系列兼競?cè)軨51的尿單片機(jī)，完竊美地將Fl耕ash(非壞易失閃存技上術(shù))EEP幫ROM與細(xì)80C看51內(nèi)核結(jié)侍合起來，仍芽采用C51度的總體結(jié)構(gòu)陷和指令系統(tǒng)參，F(xiàn)las氏h的可反擦現(xiàn)寫程序存儲喇器能有效地益降低開發(fā)費(fèi)薪用，并能使?fàn)t單片機(jī)作多院次重復(fù)使用擱。洋Sieme磨ns公司也幟沿用C51堅的內(nèi)核，相墳繼推出了C斗500系列飼單片機(jī)，在體保持了與C密51指令兼抄容的前提下貴，其產(chǎn)品的桶性能得到了終進(jìn)一步的提序升，特別是林在抗干擾性削能，電磁兼搞容和通信控懼制總線功能鑼上獨(dú)樹一幟雞，其產(chǎn)品常屆用于工作環(huán)蓮境惡劣的場憂合。亦適用催于通信和家旨用電器控制嘉領(lǐng)域。摘帽還有臺灣的漫WINBO貪ND公司亦憲開發(fā)了一系跨列兼容C5爐1的單片機(jī)鋸，其產(chǎn)品通淘常具備豐富諸的功能特性俱，而且與其所質(zhì)優(yōu)價廉在臣市場也占有過一定的分額裙。殼8051是意MCS-5石1系列單片刃機(jī)中的代表翠產(chǎn)品，它內(nèi)甜部集成了功扎能強(qiáng)大的中否央處理器，筍包含了硬件速乘除法器、居21個專用艘控制寄存器迷、4kB的減程序存儲器財、128字立節(jié)的數(shù)據(jù)存童儲器、4組宵8位的并行恰口、兩個1掙6位的可編取程定時/計標(biāo)數(shù)器、一個筋全雙工的串尊行口以及布端爾處理器。艇MCS-5區(qū)1具有比較郊大的尋址空栗間，地址線鎖寬達(dá)16條醫(yī)，即外部數(shù)和據(jù)存儲器和慘程序存儲器亦的尋址范圍莫達(dá)216=僅64kB，紛這作為單片差機(jī)控制來說膏已是比較大蘿的，這同時藍(lán)具備對I盆/O口的訪倉問能力。此牙外，MCS蹤-51采用向模塊化結(jié)構(gòu)哭，可方便地尼增刪一個模閑塊就可引腳路和指令兼容洽的新產(chǎn)品。蓮從而容易使域產(chǎn)品形成系鈴列化。示裂由于MCS遠(yuǎn)-51集成檢了幾乎完善免的8位中央則處理單元，治處理功能強(qiáng)慶，中央處理套單元中集成壩了方便靈活共的專用寄存克器，硬件的棒加、減、乘田、除法器和籌布爾處理機(jī)沒及各種邏輯夠運(yùn)算和轉(zhuǎn)移雨指令，這給紙應(yīng)用提供了攤極大的便利簽。允MCS-5專1的指令系例統(tǒng)近乎完善社，指令系統(tǒng)廊中包含了全漁面的數(shù)據(jù)傳煙送指令、完牧善的算術(shù)和策邏輯運(yùn)算指鳥令、方便的揀邏輯操作和芹控制指令、逗對于編程來拴說，是相當(dāng)村靈活和方便愿的。MC隨S-51單榴片機(jī)的工作蛾頻率為2-武12MHz例，當(dāng)振蕩頻叔率為12M字Hz時，一煩個機(jī)器周期撐為1us這惑個速度應(yīng)該浙說是比較快絮的。狠8051中漂集成了完善恰的各種中斷營源，用戶可敗十分方便地本控制和使用求其功能，使僑得它的應(yīng)用穴范圍加大，概可以說它可拆以滿足絕大展部分的應(yīng)用絡(luò)場合。秤腦MCS-5玉1把微型計現(xiàn)算機(jī)的主要素部件都集成瘋在一塊心片貝上，使得數(shù)擇據(jù)傳送距離予大大縮短，妖可靠性更高養(yǎng)，運(yùn)行速度侵更塊。由于咽屬于芯片化昨的微型計算偶機(jī)，各功能檢部件在芯片尸中的布局和慘結(jié)構(gòu)達(dá)最優(yōu)烘化，抗干擾例能力加強(qiáng)，襯工作亦相對甜穩(wěn)定。因此刃，在工業(yè)測抬控系統(tǒng)中，莊使用單片機(jī)推是最理想的點選擇。單片領(lǐng)機(jī)屬于典型袋的嵌入式系癥統(tǒng)，所以它硬是低端控制坡系統(tǒng)最佳器請件。MCS業(yè)-51的開管發(fā)環(huán)境要求詳較低，軟件裕資源十分豐錘富，介紹其搬功能特性書跨籍和開發(fā)軟驕件隨處可取艦，只需配備想一臺PC（度個人電腦違——蒜對電腦的配筒置基本上無醬要求），一顧臺仿真編程弄器即可實現(xiàn)寄產(chǎn)品開發(fā)，緒早期的開發(fā)懷軟件多使用后DOS版