初中主謂一致 講解+練習(xí)

------------------------------------------------------------------------初中主謂一致講解+練習(xí)主謂一致的用法及專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題一、主謂一致三原則

主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，主謂一致必須遵循三原則：語(yǔ)法一致原則，意義一致原則，就近一致原則。

1.語(yǔ)法一致原則：指主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

Tomisagoodstudent.湯姆是個(gè)好學(xué)生。

Theyoftenplayfootballontheplayground.他們經(jīng)常在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。

2.意義一致：指主語(yǔ)形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；或主語(yǔ)形式上為復(fù)數(shù),但表示單數(shù)意義，這是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

Myfamilyarehavinglunchnow.

我們一家人現(xiàn)在正吃午飯。

Twentydollarsistooexpensiveforthebook.

這本書20美元太貴了。

3.就近一致：指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式還是用復(fù)數(shù)形式，取決于最靠近他的主語(yǔ)。例如：

Notonlytheteacherbutalsohisstudentslikeplayingfootball.

不僅老師喜歡踢足球，而且他的學(xué)生也喜歡踢足球。

Thereisapenandsomebooksonthedesk.

課桌上有一支鋼筆和一些書。

二、主謂一致?？碱}型

1.單數(shù)名詞(代詞)，不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式，復(fù)數(shù)名詞(代詞)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

ThedeskisTom’s.這張桌子是湯姆的。

Somewaterisinthebottle.一些水在瓶子里。

Thestudentsareplayingfootballontheplayground.這些學(xué)生正在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。

2.manya+單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，意義雖為“許多”，但謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)形式。

ManyastudenthasbeentoShanghai.許多學(xué)生到過上海。

3.morethanone+單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

MorethanonestudenthaseverbeentoBeijing.不止一個(gè)學(xué)生曾經(jīng)去過北京。

4.表示時(shí)間，價(jià)格，重量，數(shù)目，長(zhǎng)度，數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，這些通常作一個(gè)整體概念，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。例如：

Twomonthsisalongholiday.兩個(gè)月是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)假。

Twentypoundsisn’tsoheavy.20英鎊并不太重。

Tenmilesisn’talongdistance.10英里并不是一段很長(zhǎng)的距離。

Fiveminusfourisone.5減4等于1。5.主語(yǔ)是each/every+單數(shù)名詞+and(each/every)+單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

Eachboyandeachgirlhasgotaseat.每個(gè)男孩和女孩都有一個(gè)座位。

Everymanandeverywomanisatwork.每個(gè)男人和女人都在工作。

6.oneandahalf+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

Oneandahalfhoursisenough.一個(gè)半小時(shí)足夠了。7.動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

Toseeistobelieve眼見為實(shí)。

Doingeyeexercisesisgoodforyoureyes.做眼睛保健操對(duì)你的眼睛十分有益。

8.a/an+單數(shù)名詞+ortwo作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Astudentortwohasfailedtheexam.一兩個(gè)學(xué)生考試不及格。

9.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分含有with，togetherwith，alongwith，aswellas，besides，except，but，like等介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；但“名詞+aswellas+名詞”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般應(yīng)與第一個(gè)名詞一致。MikewithhisfatherhasbeentoEngland.邁克同他的父親去過英格蘭。

Mike,likehisbrother,enjoysplayingfootball邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。

Thestudentsaswellastheteacherwerepresentatthemeeting.10.由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但and所連接的并列主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人，事物，或概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。這兩種情況區(qū)分如下：a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞，指的是同一個(gè)人或物；a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+a/the+單數(shù)名詞，指兩個(gè)人或物。Thewriterandteacheriscoming.那位作家兼教師來了。(作家和教師指同一個(gè)人)

Thewriterandtheteacherarecoming.作家和老師來了。(作家和老師是兩個(gè)人)

11.people,police等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，family,class,group,team等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)，若指一個(gè)整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，若指一個(gè)具體成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。

Peoplehereareveryfriendly.這兒的人很友好。

Hisfamilyisn’tlarge.他家的人不多。

MyfamilyalllikewatchingTV.我們一家人都喜歡看電視。

12.不定代詞somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，

Iseveryoneheretoday.今天大家到齊了嗎？

Somethingiswrongwithhim.他有毛病。

Nobodywasin.沒有人在家。13.each,either,neither,another,theother作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

EachofthemhasanEnglishdictionary.他們每人都有一本英語(yǔ)詞典。

Neitheransweriscorrect.兩個(gè)答案都不正確。14.以—s結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)形式，如news,maths,physics等，Nonewsisgoodnews.沒有消息就是好消息。Mathsisverypopularinourclass在我們班數(shù)學(xué)很受歡迎。15.由both…and…連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；由or,either…or…，neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…,not…but…,連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，根據(jù)就近原則決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。EithermywifeorIamgoing.Neitheryou,norI,noranyoneelseknowstheanswer.Notonlyyoubutalsoheisreadytoleave.如果either,each,neither作主語(yǔ)，則動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)形式。Eachofushashislikesanddislikes.Neitherofthebooksisveryinteresting.16.如果主語(yǔ)是由“aseriesof,akindof,aportionof+等+名詞”構(gòu)成時(shí)，動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。Aseriesofpre-recordedtapshasbeenpreparedforlanguagelaboratoryuse.但avarietyof,anumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式;.而thenumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Onexhibitionthereareagreatvarietyofconsumergoods.Thenumberofthestudentsisovereighthoundred17．以here，there開關(guān)的句子，若主語(yǔ)在兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常與臨近的主語(yǔ)一致Thereisabookandthreepensonthedesk.

Herearesomebooksandpaperforyou.18.the+形容詞表示一類人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示抽象概念時(shí)，用單數(shù)形式.Thepoorareveryhappy,butthericharesad.

Thebeautifullivesforever.美是永存的。

三．肯定與否定一致下列形容詞、副詞、代詞從肯定句變成否定句時(shí)須作相應(yīng)的變化。We'vehadsome(money).→Wehaven'thadany(money).Iwastalkingtosomeone.→Iwasn'ttalkingtoanyone.Theysometimesvisitus.→Theyrarely(never,seldom)visitus.Hehasarrivedalready.→Hehasn'tarrivedyet.Liiscomingtoo.→Liisn'tcomingeither.Bothofusaregoing.→Neitherofusaregoing.Helikesbothofthem.→Hedoesn'tlikeeitherofthem.注意：so/neither+助動(dòng)詞+名詞/代詞結(jié)構(gòu)中須用倒裝語(yǔ)序。MywifelikeclassicmusicverymuchandsodoI.Shedoesn'tlikejazzandneitherdoI.主謂一致專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題

1.EitherJaneorSteven_____watchingTVnow.

A.wereB.isC.wasD.are2.Twodays_______enoughformetofinishthework,Ineedathirdday.A.isn’tB.isC.are’t

D.are3.—Howmanylessonsdoyouusuallyhaveraday?

—Sixlessonsaday.Andeachofthen_____45minutes.

A.lastB.lastsC.haveD.are4.NeitherLipingnorI_______abasketballplayer.

A.amB.isC.beD.are5.There______manynewwordsinlessonone,Itisveryeasy.

A.isB.aren’tC.isn’tD.are6.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschool____1200.

A.isB.areC.hasD.have7.Maths_______myfavouritesubject.

A.beB.isC.amD.are8.Theboywiththetwodogs_____whentheearthquakerockedthecity.

A.weresleepingB.issleeping

C.wassleepingD.areasle9.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn_____therewhenthemeetingbegan.

A.areB.isC.wereD.was10.Thatplaceisnotinterestingatall,____ofuswantstogothere.

A.NeitherB.BothC.AllD.Some11.NobodybutJane_____thesecret.

A.knowB.knowsC.haveknowD.is12.—What’sontheplate?someeggsandcakesonit?

—There_____someeggsandcakesonit.

A.isB.areC.wasD.were13.Thispairofglasses______mine.

A.areB.beC.isD.willbe14.BothLilyandLucy______tothepartyyesterday.

A.invitedB.wasinvited

C.hadinvitedD.wereinvirted15.—Twomonths______quitealongtime.

—Yes,I’mafraidthathewillmisslotsofhislessons.

A.isB.areC.wasD.were16.Inthecitytheold_______.

A.takegoodcareofB.aretakengoodcareof

C.istakengoodcareofD.arebeentakengoodcareof17.Hisfamily_____allverykindandfriendly,Hisfamily______ahappyone.

A.are,isB.is,isC.are,areD.is,are18.Thesingerandthedancer_____cometoBeijing.

A.has

B.haveC.areD.is19.Thechildreninthisclasseach_____newschoolbag.

A.haveB.hasC.hasgotD.arehaving20.Allbutone_____herejustnow.

A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were

21.IfBob'swifewon'tagreetogoonholidayinwinter,.A.neitherhewillB.neitherwon'theC.neitherwillheD.hewon'tneither22.Ihaven'tfinishedmyhomeworkedyet.A.sohasheB.NeitherhehasC.HehastooD.Hehasn'teither23.“I'mgoingtovisittheLuGouBridgetomorrow.”“.”A.IamsoB.SoamIC.SogoID.SoIgo24.Youaswellashetoblame(責(zé)備)fortheaccident（交通事故）.A.areB.isC.haveD.has25.NeithermywifenorImyselfabletoteachmydaughtertosingEnglishsongs.A.hasbeenB.isC.areD.am

主謂一致練習(xí)題參考答案(1).B(2).A(3).B(4).A

(5).B

(6).A

(7).B(8).C(9).D(10).A

(11).B

(12).B

(13).C(14).D

(15).A

(16).B

(17).A

(18).B

(19).A

(20)D(21).C(22).D(23).B(24).A

(25).D主謂一致練習(xí)題

1.Theold____welllookedafterbythegovernmentinChina.

A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.was

2.Thesecretaryandmanager____verybusynow.

A.isB.areC.wasD.were

3.Boththesecretaryandthemanager_____agreedtoattendthemeeting.

A.hasB.haveC.areD.was

4.Tomaswellastwoofhisclassmates_____invitedtotheparty.

A.wasB.wereC.havebeenD.hadbeen

5.EitheryouorI_____goingtotheteachers‘officeafterclass.

A.amB.isC.areD.will

6.Mostofhissparetime____spentinreading.

A.areB.wereC.wasD.havebeen

7.Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthat____appearedthisyear.

A.havebeenB.hasC.hadbeenD.have

8.Tenthousanddollars_____quitealargesum.

A.areB.isC.wereD.have

9.About20percentofthework____doneyesterday.

A.areB.isC.wereD.was

10.MrSmith，togetherwithhischildren，____arrived.

A.areB.hasC.isD.have

11.It____Iwho_____leavingforLondon.

A.is…isB.am…isC.is…amD.am…am

12.NotonlyTombutalsohiswife____fondofwatchingtelevision.

A.areB.wereC.beD.is

13.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory____yet.

A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecided

C.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided

14.Althoughthefirstpartofthebookiseasy，therest______.

A.aredifficult

B.hasproveddifficult

C.issupposeddifficult

D.havebeenfounddifficult

15.Thattheywerewronginthesematters_____nowcleartousall.

A.isB.wasC.areD.were

16.Halfofhisgoods____stolentheotherday.

A.areB.wereC.isD.was

17.Mathematics____thelanguageofscience.

A.areB.aregoingtobeC.isD.istobe

18.Eachofthestudents_____aChinese-Englishdictionary.

A.haveB.hasC.thereisD.thereare

19.Theyeach____abeautifulhandkerchief.

A.haveB.hasC.thereisD.thereare

20.Betweenthetworowsoftrees_____theteachingbuilding.

A.standB.standsC.standingD.are

21.Thispairofshoes____madeinNanjing.

A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hadbeen

22.Nooneexceptmyparents_____anythingaboutit.

A.knowB.knowsC.isknowingD.haveknown

23.Anumberofstudents_____fromthesouth.

A.areB.isC.haveD.has

24.Thenumberofstudentsfromthenorth____small.

A.areB.isC.haveD.has

25.Writingstoriesandarticles_____whatIenjoymost，

A.isB.areC.wasD.were

26.His“SelectedPoems”_____firstpublishedin1965.

A.wereB.wasC.hasbeenD.are

27.MissSmithisafriendof______.

A.Mary‘smother’sB.Mary‘smotherC.Mother’sofMaryD.Marymother‘s

28.Agooddealofmoney____spentonbooks.

A.haveB.has

C.havebeenD.hasbeen

29.Onthewall_____twolargeportraits.

A.hangsB.hangC.hangedD.hanging

30._____turngreeninspring.

A.LeafB.LeafsC.LeaveD.Leaves

31.Fatherwenttohisdoctorfor____abouthishearttrouble.

A.anadviceB.adviceC.advicesD.theadvices

32.Allbutone____herejustnow.

A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were

33.Thenumberofpeopleinvited_____fifty，butanumberofthem_____absentfordifferentreasons.

A.were；wasB.was；was

C.was；wereD.were；were

34.Theairinbigcities_____verydirtybyfactories.

A.areoftenmadeB.isoftenmade

C.haveoftenmadeD.hasoftenmade

35.Nobody____tosmokeinthecinema.

A.allowsB.allowC.isallowedD.areallowed

36.TheChinesepeople_____hard-workingandbrave.

A.areB.isC.hasbeenD.arebeing

37.____canbedone_____beendone.

A.All；haveB.Allthat；haveC.All；hasD.Allthat；has

38.Johnhastwobrothers，buteither____outofworknow.

A.areB.isC.hasD.have

39.Thepolice____themurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.

A.issearchingforB.weresearchingfor

C.aresearchingforD.weresearching

40.Applesofthiskind____.

A.tastesgoodB.tasteswell

C.tastegoodD.tastewell

41.Yourtrousers____dirty，youmusthave_____washed.

A.is；itB.are；itC.are；themD.is；them

42.Where____rubbish，thereareflies.

A.thereareB.thereisC.isD.therehas

43.TheOlympicGames____heldevery____years.

A.is；fourB.are；fourC.is；fiveD.are；five

44.Manyaman_____cometohelpus.

A.haveB.hasC.isD.are

45.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_____elected.

A.areB.haveC.hasD.is

46.Three-fourthsofthehomework_____today.

A.hasfinishedB.hasbeenfinished

C.havefinishedD.havebeenfinished

47.Thosewho____in____compositions，pleasehandtheminthisafternoon.

A.hasn‘thanded；hisB.haven’thanded；their

C.hashanded；theirD.havehanded；his

48.Janeisoneofthebeststudentsinherclasswho_____bytheirteacher.

A.arepraisedB.ispraisedC.praisedD.praising

49.Thewholeclass_____theteacherattentively.

A.arelisteningtoB.islisteningto

C.arelisteningD.islistening

50.TheUnitedStatesofAmerica_____oneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.

A.isB.areC.wasD.were

KEY：

1-5BABAA6-10CDBDB11-15CDABA

16-20BCBAB21-25ABABA26-30BADBD

31-35BDCBC36-40ADBBC41-45CBBBD

46-50BBAAA主謂一致專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一單項(xiàng)選擇：1.Eatingvegetables______goodforourhealth.A.isB.areC.wereD.was2.Morethanoneperson_______madethesuggestion.A.wasB.hasC.wereD.have3.Ithink______ofthematerialsIlistenedtoatthebeginningoftheexam______easy.A.twothirds;isB.secondthree;areC.twothirds;areD.twothird;are4.NeitheryounorLinHua_______totheGreatWallbefore.A.hadbeenB.hasgoneC.hasbeenD.havebeen5.Thewriterandteacher______comingnow.A.isB.areC.hasD.have6.Something_____gonewrongwithmyTVset.A.hasB.haveC.isD.are7.Nothingbutgrassandtrees_______thehill.A.coversB.coverC.coveringD.arecovering8.Physics______moreinterestingthanMaths,Ithink.A.areB.isC.wasD.were9.Eachstudentandeachteacher______toseethefilm.A.goB.wishC.areD.wants10.EitherTomorI______toblame.A.tobeB.amC.areD.is11.There______adesk,twobedsandfourchairsintheroom.A.isB.areC.hasD.have12.Lucy,togetherwithhertwobrothers,often_______totheparkonSundays.A.goB.goesC.aregoingD.isgoing13.There______apairofshoesonthefloor.Theshoes______mine.A.are;isB.is;isC.is;areD.are;are14.Noneofthatmoneyonthetable______mine.A.isB.areC.beenD.have15.—Couldyougetmeapiano,Mum?—There______enoughroomforoneinourhome.A.isB.areC.isn’tD.aren’t16.ThefamilyIamstayingwith_______veryfriendly.A.isB.are C.wasD.were17.Ourteam______theWorldCup!A.haswonB.havewonC.arewonD.iswon18.Ourcountry_______greatchangesinthelast30years.A.experienceB.experiencesC.hasexperiencedD.experiencing19.Thepolice_______havingameetingintheirofficeattenyesterday.A.isB.areC.wasD.were20.Thenumberofpeopleinvited_____50,butanumberofthem_____absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were21.Alibrarywith5000books_____tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered22.ItoldhimwhatIwassurprised______hisattitudetowardshisstudy.A.isB.wasC.atisD.atwas23.Onthewall______twolargeportraits(肖像).A.hangsB.hangC.hangedD.arehung24.Allthatcanbedone________.A.hasbeendoneB.hasdoneC.havedoneD.weredone25.Thesingerandthedancer______cometothemeeting.A.hasB.haveC.areD.is26.Ihavefinishedalargepartofthebook;therest______moredifficult.A.isB.areC.wasD.were27.Thewounded(傷員)_______bythehospital.A.hastakeninB.hasbeentakeninC.havetakeninD.havebeentakenin28.Thefollowing_______someotherexamples.A.areB.isC.wasD.were29.Thewholeclass_______theteacherattentively(認(rèn)真地).A.arelisteningB.islisteningtoC.arelisteningtoD.islistening30.“All_______presentandall_______goingonwell,”ourmanagersaid.A.is;isB.are;ar