一年級英語-UPGrammar 市賽獲獎

ReviseNounClausesUnit1GrammarObjectiveTorevisethenounclausesandusethemproperly.NowIknowthattheproperwayisalwaysherway.(必修1)2.That’swhythey’recalledtheWinterOlympics.(必修2)3.Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.(必修3)4.Thethoughtthattheycouldcrossthewholecontinentwasexciting.(必修3)Lookatthefollowingsentences.5.MayIaskwhatyouweredoinginmyrestauranttheotherday?(必修3)6.Ididn’tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.(必修3)7.Forexample,oneimportantthingshediscoveredwasthatchimpshuntandeatmeat.(必修4)8.Itisapitythattheindustrialcitiesbuiltinthenineteenthcenturydonotattractvisitors.(必修5)ExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia,noonereallyknows.2.However,itislikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.3.ScientistsbelievethatthesesettlerscrossedtheBeringStrait…times.Sentencesfromthisunit:4.…,theSpanishhadsettledinmostpartsofSouthAmericaandalongthenorthwestcoastofwhatwenowcalltheUnitedStates.5.Thatiswhytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.6.Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreat…manyracesandcultures.1.Itnowappears______theyareinneedofhelp.

A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how2.Itisgoodnews______theywillarriveinafewdays.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.how3.Thisis______shewasborn.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.what4.Theproblemis______wecan’tgotheretoday.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when5.Thequestionis______itisworthdoing.A.ifB.whetherC.whichD.what6.Idon’tknow______hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when7.Weallknowthetruth_____theearthgoesroundthesun.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whether8.Weheardthenews______theirteamhadwon.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.where

Whatthedriveroftheyellowcardidmademeextremelyangry.

Whyshedidthisisstillunknown.SubjectClausesObjectClausesIt’shardtoforgetwhatwehavelearned

inhisclasses.Pleasedon’ttellmymotherwhenI’ll

givehermygift.Whattypesofnounclausesarethey?Thefactthathetellsliesallthetime

makesussurprised.Iheardthenews

thatourteamhadwon.That’swhyIcan’tfollowyou.Theproblemisthatit’sveryhardtocatchyourwords.PredictiveClausesAppositiveClauses從句的語用功能

英語復合句一般有三大類：名詞性(主語、賓語、表語和同位語)從句；形容詞性(定語)從句；副詞性(狀語)從句。在復合句中起名詞作用的從句叫名詞性從句。正確、快速理解英語的復雜句子是提高英語閱讀和寫作能力的一個重要方面。學會正確把握句子結(jié)構(gòu)、熟練使用主從復合句：能更準確的理解句子所傳遞的信息，提高閱讀理解能力；能寫出更簡明、流暢的文段，更貼切、優(yōu)美的語句，提高寫作水平。FunctionasaNOUNinasentence.Question:Whatisthefunctionofanouninasentence?名詞在句中可以充當什么成分?NounClauses

主語從句SubjectClause

名詞性從句

NounClause

賓語從句ObjectClause

表語從句PredicativeClause

同位語從句AppositiveClause引導名詞性從句的連接詞

可分為三類：1.連詞：that,whether,if不充當從句的任何成分。2.連接代詞：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which不僅起到連接一個句子的作用，同時也是從句的一個組成部分。3.連接副詞：when,where,how,why

在一個句子中由一個句子充當?shù)闹髡Z，這個句子叫做主語從句。Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.Thatheisthebeststudentintheclassisobvious.

主語從句SubjectClausewhether與if均為“是否”下列情況下只用whether：1.引導主語從句并在句首

Whetherhewillcomeisnotclear.2.引導表語從句

Thequestioniswhetherhe’llcome.

3.從句作介詞賓語

I’mnotsureaboutwhetherwe’llwin.4.從句后有"ornot"

Whetheryoulikeitornot,

you’llhavetodoit.主謂一致問題主語是名詞性從句,動詞通常用單數(shù)。WhatIammostinterestedinisAmericanmovies.我最感興趣的是美國電影。Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.你昨天說的是對的。用it作形式主語，that引導的從句是句子的真正主語。有以下四種不同的結(jié)構(gòu)：It+be+形容詞+that-從句

Itisnecessarythat…有必要……

Itisimportantthat…重要的是……

Itisobviousthat…很明顯……主語從句常用it作形式主語放句首b.It+be+-ed分詞+that-從句

Itisbelievedthat…人們相信……

Itisknowntoallthat…

眾所周知……

Ithasbeendecidedthat…已決定……c.It+be+名詞+that-從句

Itiscommonknowledgethat…

……是常識

Itisasurprisethat…

令人驚奇的是……

Itisafactthat…

事實是……d.It+不及物動詞+that-分句

Itappearsthat…

似乎……

Ithappensthat…

碰巧……

Itoccurredtomethat…

我突然想起……在一個句子中由一個句子充當?shù)谋碚Z，這個句子叫做表語從句。Thefactisthathehasnotbeenseenrecently.

Mysuggestionisthatweshouldturnthelandintoricefields.

表語從句PredicativeClause2.在that引導的表語從句中，that不能用which來替換。1.表語從句可以用that,why,where,when,how,whether,what,who,which等詞引導。表語從句需要注意的問題3.如果引出表語從句的名詞是一些表示“建議”或者是“命令”之類的詞如advice,suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea等,那么從句中的動詞通常用(should)+動詞原形。1)Mysuggestionisthatweall___________(take)anactivepartinthecomingsportsmeet.2)Hisproposalwasthatthework_________________(finish)infivehours.(should)befinished(should)take在一個句子中由一個句子充當?shù)馁e語，這個句子叫做賓語從句。Iworryaboutwhetherhecangetovertheillness.JohnsaidthathewasleavingforLondononWednesday.

賓語從句ObjectClause賓語從句就是在復合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞（及物動詞）或介詞之后。1.作動詞的賓語

Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.

動詞+間接賓語+賓語從句

Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.2.作介詞的賓語that引導的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語：anxious,certain,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,satisfied,content等。3.作形容詞的賓語Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.it不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為

形式賓語，而真正的賓語則放在句尾，特別是在帶復合賓語的句子中。4.it可以作為形式賓語下列動詞后常引導賓語從句make,think,consider,feel,find等。Shehasmadeitclearthatshewillgetmarriednextmonth.這類動詞有allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動名詞作賓語，但不可以用that引導的賓語從句。

Iadmiretheirwinningthematch.

Iadmirethattheywonthematch.

5.后邊不能直接跟that從句的動詞(right)

(wrong)常見的有envy,order,accuse,refuse,impress,forgive,blame,advise等。

Heimpressedthemanagerasanhonestman.

Heimpressedthemanagerthathewasanhonestman.(right)

(wrong)6.有些動詞不可用于“動詞+間接賓語+that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中。通常來說明前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容,這樣的句子叫做同位語從句。同位語從句一般在下列詞的后面:

fact,news,idea,hope,wish,promise,truth,reason,suggestion,thought,question,doubt,conclusion,belief,order,words,possibility等。

同位語從句AppositiveClause1.同位語從句與前面的名詞是同位關(guān)系，即說明它前面名詞的內(nèi)容；而定語從句與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾關(guān)系，即限定它前面的名詞范圍，或補充一些情況。The

news

that

I

have

passed

the

exam

is

true.The

news

that

he

told

me

just

now

is

true.

（同位語從句，即從句所表達的意思就是前面名詞的內(nèi)容。）

（定語從句，從句對前面名詞起修飾限制作用，即“他剛告訴我的”那個消息，而不是別的消息。）2.引導同位語從句的that是連詞，在從句中不充當任何成份，而引導定語從句的that是關(guān)系代詞，除起連接作用外，還在從句中充當主語、賓語或表語等。

The

idea

that

computers

can

recognize

human

voices

surprises

many

people.The

idea

that

he

gave

surprises

many

people.（that在從句中不充當任何成份。）（that在從句中作gave的賓語。）“that”引導

同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別引導從句that從句中的作用可否省略同位語從句連接詞不擔任成分不省略定語從句關(guān)系代詞主、賓、表作賓、表時可省略Review在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句。名詞性從句的功能相當于名詞詞組,它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。1.Whynottryyourluckdowntown,Bob?That’s______thebestjobsare.(2007浙江)A.whereB.whatC.whenD.whyI.Choosethebestanswer.2.ManyyoungpeopleintheWestareexpectedtoleave______couldbelife’smostimportantdecision—marriage—almostentirelyuptoluck.(2009江蘇)A.asB.thatC.whichD.what3.There

is

clear

evidence

_____

the

mostdifficult

feeling

of

all

to

interpret

isbodily

pain.(2011上海)A.

whatB.

ifC.

howD.

that4.I’m

afraid

he’s

more

of

a

talkerthan

adoer,

which

is______

he

never

finishesanything.(2011山東)

A.

that

B.

when

C.

where

D.

why5.His

writing

is

so

confusing

thatit’sdifficult

to

make

out

_____it

is

he

is

trying

to

express.

(2011安徽)

A.

that

B.

how

C.

who

D.

what6.Jerrydidnotregretgivingthecommentbutfelt______hecouldhaveexpresseditdifferently.(2012北京)A.why B.how C.that D.whether

7.Thelimitsofaperson’sintelligence,generallyspeaking,arefixedatbirth,but

______hereachestheselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.(2012安徽)A.where B.whether C.that D.why8.Thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoon______themeetingwouldbepostponed.(2012江蘇)A.when B.that C.whether D.how9.Itsuddenlyoccurredtohim______hehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.(2012江西)A.whether B.where C.which D.that10.Asmanyasfivecoursesareprovided,andyouarefreetochoose______suitsyoubest.(2012陜西)Awhatever B.whicheverC.whenever D.whereverII.Tellthefunctionofthefollowingsentences.

a.subject主語b.object賓語c.predicative表語d.appositive同位語1.