高考英語(yǔ)專題之動(dòng)名詞

動(dòng)名詞語(yǔ)法圖解探究發(fā)覺①Playingwithfireisdangerous.②Itisnogoodlearningatheorywithoutpractice.③Otherstrytocreateadvertisementsthatpeoplesimplyenjoylookingat.④Theclassicadvertisementisonethatgivesinformationaboutfindingcertainproducts.⑤...alotofmoneyisspendingonapplyingmoderntechniquesofdesigntomaketheseadvertisementsasvisuallyattractiveaspossible.⑥Hishobbyiswatchingfootballgames.⑦Forexample,itcouldbe“ShanghaiSewingMachine”...[我的發(fā)覺](1)句①和句②均為動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，只不過(guò)句②先用it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)后置。(2)句③、句④和句⑤均是動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，句③中動(dòng)名詞作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)，句④和句⑤中動(dòng)名詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)。(3)句⑥中動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)；句⑦中動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明被修飾名詞的用途。一、動(dòng)名詞的定義動(dòng)名詞是動(dòng)詞的另一種非謂語(yǔ)形式。動(dòng)名詞具出名詞和動(dòng)詞的特征。二、動(dòng)名詞的基本形式動(dòng)名詞由動(dòng)詞原形加詞尾-ing構(gòu)成，與現(xiàn)在分詞形式相同。動(dòng)名詞具有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變更，現(xiàn)以learn為例列表如下：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式learningbeinglearned完成式havinglearnedhavingbeenlearned1.動(dòng)名詞的一般式。結(jié)構(gòu)：主動(dòng)用doing；被動(dòng)用beingdone動(dòng)名詞的一般式可以表示沒有時(shí)間先后的動(dòng)作，即沒有明確過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的動(dòng)作；也可以表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前的動(dòng)作；有時(shí)還可指發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后的動(dòng)作。Goingtobedearlyandrisingearlyisagoodhabit.早睡早起是個(gè)好習(xí)慣。(沒有明確的時(shí)間)Idon’trememberevermeetingyousomewhere.我不記得原來(lái)在什么地方見過(guò)你。(發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前)Doctorsadvisegivingupsmoking.醫(yī)生建議戒煙。(發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后)2．動(dòng)名詞的完成式：表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。結(jié)構(gòu)：主動(dòng)用havingdone；被動(dòng)用havingbeendoneTheoldmanthankedmeforhavinghelpedhimfindhisrelative’shouse.那位老人感謝我?guī)退业接H戚的家。Idon’trememberhavingeverbeengivenachancetodoit.我不記得曾被賜予做這件事的機(jī)會(huì)。3．動(dòng)名詞的否定式：由“not＋動(dòng)名詞”構(gòu)成。Sheregrettednotlisteningtoyou,whichcausedthismistake.她懊悔沒有聽你的話，導(dǎo)致了這一錯(cuò)誤。Hisnothavingdonehishomeworkmadehisteacherveryangry.他沒有完成作業(yè)使老師很生氣。[即時(shí)演練1]完成句子①____________________________________canhelpyouimproveyourlearningeffectively.養(yǎng)成良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣能幫助你有效地改進(jìn)你的學(xué)習(xí)。②____________________________________whentheyheardthefunnystory.聽到這個(gè)滑稽的故事，孩子們?nèi)滩蛔⌒α?。③Thankyoufor______________________________________.感謝你給了我這么多的幫助。④Sheregretted____________________________________.她懊悔沒看那個(gè)電影。⑤Noone________________________________inpublic.沒有人喜愛當(dāng)眾被訕笑。三、動(dòng)名詞的句法功能動(dòng)名詞具出名詞的性質(zhì)，因此在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。1．作主語(yǔ)Readingaloudisagoodwayinlearningalanguage.大聲朗讀是學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的一個(gè)好方法。Workingintheseconditionsisnotapleasurebutasuffer.在這種條件下工作不是開心而是苦痛。[課堂點(diǎn)津](1)在Itisnouse/nogood/useless/worthwhile/awasteoftime/fundoingsth.句型中，用it作形式主語(yǔ)，后面的動(dòng)名詞作真正的主語(yǔ)。It’snousecomplainingwithouttakinganyaction.不實(shí)行行動(dòng)而只是埋怨是沒有用的。Itisawasteoftimetalkingaboutsuchuselessthings.談?wù)撨@些沒用的事情是在奢侈時(shí)間。(2)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)泛指常常性的動(dòng)作，而不定式多表示特指的、一次性的、詳細(xì)的動(dòng)作。Beinginvitedtothepalaceballmadeherexcited.被邀請(qǐng)參與宮廷舞會(huì)使得她特別興奮。Tobeinvitedtothepalaceballwouldbeexciting.受邀參與這次宮廷舞會(huì)將是令人興奮的事。(3)單個(gè)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。Plantingmanytreesisverygoodforourenvironment.植樹對(duì)我們的環(huán)境特別有好處。[即時(shí)演練2]單句語(yǔ)法填空①(安徽高考改編)________________(Ignore)thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.②(湖南高考改編)_________________(understand)yourownneedsandstylesofcommunicationisasimportantaslearningtoconveyyouraffectionandemotions.③(福建高考改編)_____________(know)basicfirst-aidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.④AsfarasI’mconcerned,it’snogood______________(argue)withhim.⑤Makingfriends___________(play)animportantpartinourlife.2．作賓語(yǔ)(1)作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)Theyadvisesolvingtheprobleminthisway.他們建議用這種方法解決這個(gè)問題。Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?打開窗子你介意嗎？(2)有些動(dòng)詞或詞組后跟動(dòng)名詞或不定式都可以，但意思不同。常見的有：meaneq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.準(zhǔn)備做某事,doingsth.意味著做某事))forgeteq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.遺忘去做某事未做,doingsth.遺忘做過(guò)某事已做))regreteq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.對(duì)即將做的事表示缺憾未做,doingsth.對(duì)做過(guò)的事表示懊悔已做))tryeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.盡力去做某事,doingsth.試著做某事))gooneq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.接著做另一件事,doingsth.接著做原來(lái)做的事))remembereq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.記著去做某事未做,doingsth.記得做了某事已做))IrememberbeingtakentotheSummerPalacetoday.今日我還記得被帶去頤和園的情景。(已去過(guò))Pleaseremembertocomeandplaywithmeagainsomeday.請(qǐng)記住以后有時(shí)間再來(lái)玩。(還沒來(lái))HowIregretnotacceptinghissuggestions.我多么懊悔沒有接受他的建議呀。Iregrettotellyouthatyoufailed.很缺憾告知你，你失敗了。(3)下列動(dòng)詞可接動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，相當(dāng)于不定式的被動(dòng)形式。need/want/require/deservedoing＝need/want/require/deservetobedoneThebikeneedsrepairing.＝Thebikeneedstoberepaired.這輛自行車須要修一下。[即時(shí)演練3]單句語(yǔ)法填空①(江西高考改編)Whenitcomesto___________(speak)inpublic,noonecanmatchhim.②(陜西高考改編)It’squitehottoday.Doyoufeellike___________(go)foraswim?③(浙江高考改編)______________(hear)howothersreacttothebookyouhavejustreadcreatesanaddedpleasure.④—Thatwouldmean_____________(waste)alotoflabour.—Really?Idon’tmean_____________(waste)anylabour.⑤Theyoungtreesweplantedlastweekrequire____________(look)afterwithgreatcare.⑥Idon’tmind___________(travel)bybus,butIhate___________(stand)inqueues.⑦Wecan’timagineher____________(succeed)intheentranceexamination,forshehasneverbeentoschool.⑧Heislookingforwardto___________(spend)hisholidayinBritain.3．作表語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)通常是對(duì)主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行說(shuō)明、說(shuō)明。這時(shí)主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)位置可以互換。Myjobislookingafterthechildren.＝Lookingafterthechildrenismyjob.我的工作是看這些孩子。[課堂點(diǎn)津]現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于形容詞的功能，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征，主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)的位置不行互換。[即時(shí)演練4]完成句子①WhatIhatemostis_____________________.我最恨的就是被別人訕笑。②Yourtaskis______________________.你的任務(wù)就是擦窗戶。③Ourgoalis________________________inthenearfuture.我們的目標(biāo)是在不久的將來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)四個(gè)現(xiàn)代化(modernization)4．作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)一般表示所修飾名詞的用途或性能。Thereisalargeswimmingpoolinthegarden.(thepoolforswimming)花園里邊有一個(gè)大的游泳池。Thewritingtableismadeofexpensivewood.(Thetableforwriting)這張寫字臺(tái)是珍貴木材做的。[課堂點(diǎn)津]動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)通常表示它所修飾的名詞的用途或性能，與所修飾的名詞之間不存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系；現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)與所修飾的名詞之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。Chinaisadevelopingcountry.(相當(dāng)于acountrywhichisdeveloping)中國(guó)是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家。[即時(shí)演練5]單句語(yǔ)法填空①(全國(guó)大綱卷改編)Todaytherearemoreairplanes_____________(carry)morepeoplethaneverbeforeintheskies.②(山東高考改編)There’sanotepinnedtothedoor_________(say)whentheshopwillopenagain.③(山東高考改編)Theroomisemptyexceptforabook-shelf__________(stand)inonecorner.四、動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)假如動(dòng)名詞有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，這便構(gòu)成了動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。其邏輯主語(yǔ)一般由物主代詞、名詞全部格、人稱代詞的賓格或名詞的通格來(lái)充當(dāng)。在口語(yǔ)中，物主代詞和名詞全部格可分別由人稱代詞的賓格和名詞的通格代替。Doyoumindmy/meopeningthedoor?我打開門你介意嗎？Ican’timagineMary’s/Marymarryingsuchaman.我無(wú)法想象瑪麗竟然嫁給了這么一個(gè)人。[課堂點(diǎn)津]當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)只用全部格或物主代詞表示。Thestudents’knowingEnglishwellwillhelpthemtolearnFrench.學(xué)生學(xué)好英語(yǔ)對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)法語(yǔ)有幫助。[即時(shí)演練6]完成句子①________________madetheteacherangry.瑪麗的遲到使老師很生氣。②Myworryis___________________.我擔(dān)憂的是你變更辦法。③Wouldyoumind__________________?我在此吸煙你介意嗎？④Doyouhearthesoundof__________________?你聽見開門聲了嗎？Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Themanagermeant______________(tell)theworkersthatbeing5minuteslatemeant____________(leave)thecompany.2．ChinarecentlytighteneditswaterscontrolsneartheHuangyanIslandtopreventChinesefishingboatsfrom_________________(attack)intheSouthChinaSea.3．Canyouimagineyourself____________(stay)inalonelyisland?4．Itisnogood_________(try)toremembergrammaticalrules.Youneedtopractisewhatyouhavelearned.5．Wesuggested_________(sleep)inhotelsbutthechildrenwereanxious_________(camp)out.6．Doyoufeellike___________(go)outorwouldyouratherhavedinnerathome?7．Whilethismatteriswellworth__________,_itdoesn’tneed___________.(do)8．Therobbertriedeverymeans,butcouldn’tescape______________(catch)bythepolicemenfinally.9．Theladyinsistedthattheyoungman___________(steal)herwalletandinsistedon____________(send)himtothepolicestationatonce.10．Moreandmoreoldpeoplegototheuniversitiesfortheagedinordertoavoid______________(cut)offfromtheoutsideworld.11．Themandenied__________________(steal)anythinginthesupermarketwhenhewasquestionedbythepolice.12．Itwas_____________(play)gamesthatcosttheboyalotoftimethatshouldhavebeenspentonstudy.Ⅱ.單句寫作1．(北京高考寫作一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范文)Hopeto____________________________(在訓(xùn)練營(yíng)遇到你)thissummer.2．(陜西高考標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范文)Successfully，Ihave________________________(向她伸出了救濟(jì)之手)inseveralEnglishactivitiesofmyclass,whichhavebeenappreciatedbybothteachersandmyclassmates.3．(浙江高考滿分作文)Forexample,oncemostofmyclassmatesmadeasuggestionthatwegooutingattheweekend，butIthought_________________________(幫助養(yǎng)老院里的老人)wouldbemoremeaningful.4．(浙江高考滿分作文)Sometimes__________________(放棄)alittlecan____________________(意味著得到更多)．5．(陜西高考滿分作文)Asanoutgoingstudent,________________________(我很擅長(zhǎng)與別人溝通),whichmakesmefeelconfidentaboutthisposition.6．(四川高考滿分作文)_____________________(聽和說(shuō))iswheremyweaknesslieswhenitcomestoEnglish.7．(四川高考標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范文)Andyoualsoshouldkeepitinmindthat__________________________________(常常和同學(xué)們交換筆記)isagoodwaytoimproveyourstudy.8．(全國(guó)卷Ⅰ滿分作文)Ihopeyouenjoy________________________________(為我們報(bào)紙寫文章)．跟動(dòng)名詞和不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)法圖解探究發(fā)覺①Irefusetoletyoupayforanythingwhileyou’rehere.②Shewantedtogohomeearlierthatday.③Isuggestleaving10%ofthebillforthewaiterorwaitress.④IthinkweshouldconsiderstayingintheEnglishcountrysideforafewnightsasyouenjoyhiking.⑤Doyouliketoplay/playingchess?⑥I’llremembertopostyourletter.⑦Idon’tremembersayingthattohimbefore.[我的發(fā)覺](1)句①句②中refuse和want要跟__________作賓語(yǔ)。(2)句③句④中suggest，consider和enjoy要跟__________作賓語(yǔ)。(3)句⑤中l(wèi)ike后既可跟________也可跟_________作賓語(yǔ)，意義區(qū)分不大。(4)句⑥句⑦中remember既可跟__________也可跟________作賓語(yǔ)，但含義不同。一、只接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)1．這類詞語(yǔ)可借助以下口訣來(lái)記憶：避開錯(cuò)過(guò)少延期(avoid,miss,postpone)建議完成多練習(xí)(advise/suggest,finish,practise)喜愛想象與考慮(enjoy/appreciate,imagine，consider)承認(rèn)否定與嫉妒(admit,deny,envy)躲避冒險(xiǎn)莫寬恕(escape,risk,excuse)忍受保持不介意(stand,keep,mind)BillsuggestedholdingameetingonwhattodofortheShanghaiExpoduringthevacation.比爾建議開一個(gè)關(guān)于假期期間為上海世博會(huì)做些什么的會(huì)議。WouldyoumindgivingusatalktodayaboutDNA?能不能請(qǐng)你今日作一個(gè)關(guān)于DNA的報(bào)告？Whenhefinishedlisteningtothenews,heturnedofftheradio.當(dāng)他聽完新聞，他就關(guān)掉了收音機(jī)。2．英語(yǔ)中有一些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)也常跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。常見的跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有insiston(堅(jiān)持),objectto(反對(duì)),begoodat(擅長(zhǎng)),leadto(導(dǎo)致),putoff(推遲),giveup(放棄),lookforwardto(期盼),feellike(想要),devoteto(獻(xiàn)身于),getused/accustomedto(習(xí)慣于),payattentionto(留意),beworth(值得)，can’thelp(禁不住)等。Idon’tthinkweshouldputoffhavingthemeeting.我認(rèn)為我們不應(yīng)當(dāng)推遲開那個(gè)會(huì)議。Wewereused/accustomedtogettingupearlyinthemorning.我們以前習(xí)慣早起。ProfessorWangdevoteshislifetoprotectinganimals.王教授為愛護(hù)動(dòng)物奉獻(xiàn)一生。[即時(shí)演練1]用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Iwouldn’tconsider__________(make)thesechanges.②(2019·江西高考改編)Whenitcomesto____________(speak)inpublic,noonecanmatchhim.③(2019·陜西高考改編)It’squitehottoday.Doyoufeellike___________(go)foraswim?④Idon’tmind___________(travel)bybus,butIhate__________(stand)inqueues.⑤Wecan’timagineher______________(succeed)intheentranceexamination,forshehasneverbeentoschool.⑥Heislookingforwardto___________(spend)hisholidayinBritain.⑦M(jìn)enfinditeasiertogiveup_____________(smoke)thanwomen.二、只接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞這類詞語(yǔ)可借助以下口訣來(lái)記憶：同意提出做安排(agree,offer,intend/plan/attempt)要求答應(yīng)來(lái)幫忙(demand/ask,promise,help)準(zhǔn)備確定遭拒絕(prepare,decide,refuse)敢于選擇有希望(dare,choose,wish/hope/want/expect)設(shè)法負(fù)擔(dān)決心堅(jiān)(manage,afford,determine)不能做到莫假裝(fail,pretend)Tompretendednottohaveheardaboutit,butinfact,heknewitverywell.湯姆假裝沒有聽說(shuō)過(guò)，但是事實(shí)上他很了解這件事。Freddidn’thaveanymoney,sohedecidedtolookforajob.弗雷德沒有錢了，因此他確定找份工作。HeofferedtohelpmewithmyEnglish.他主動(dòng)提出幫我學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。Theymanagedtofinishtheworkontime.他們?cè)O(shè)法按時(shí)完成了工作。[即時(shí)演練2]用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Don’tforget_____________(apologize)toyourbrotherforlosingyourtemperwhenyouseehim.②Whenonelosesconfidence,hecanneverexpect__________(do)hisworkwell.③Ifinallymanaged___________(find)thebookIwaslookingfor.④Manypeoplewouldlike____________(take)holidaysabroad.⑤Ican’tafford____________(waste)moneyoncheapsouvenirs.⑥IreallydislikemyjobbutIhavetopretend______________(enjoy)it.⑦Ratherthanrideonacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers______________abicycle.(ride)三、既可以接動(dòng)名詞又可以接不定式但意義差別比較大的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))doingtodoforget遺忘已經(jīng)做過(guò)某事遺忘去做某事remember記得曾經(jīng)做過(guò)某事記住去做某事regret懊悔做過(guò)某事懊悔/缺憾去做某事stop停止做一件事停下來(lái)接著做另一件事try嘗試著做某事努力/試圖做某事mean意味著做某事意欲/想/企圖做某事can’thelp不由自主地做某事不能幫助做某事goon接著做(同一件事)接著做(另一件事)Shedidn’trememberlockingthedooraftersupper.她不記得晚飯后鎖過(guò)門了。Remembertoturnoffallthelightswhenyouleavetheclassroom.你離開教室時(shí)，別遺忘把全部的燈關(guān)掉。Youmusttrytodoitagain.你必需想方設(shè)法再做一次。Let’strydoingtheworkinsomeotherway.咱們用另一種方法試試做這項(xiàng)工作。[即時(shí)演練3](1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①(陜西高考改編)AfterreceivingtheOscarforBestSupportingActress，AnneBenedictwenton_____________(thank)allthepeoplewhohadhelpedinhercareer.②—Thatwouldmean___________(waste)alotoflabour.—Really?Idon’tmean___________(waste)anylabour.③Theenginejustwon’tstart.Somethingseems__________(go)wrongwithit.④EveryhalfanhourMrSmithwouldstop__________(have)asmoke.⑤AssoonasPetersawme,hestopped__________(talk)tohisfriendsandcameover.⑥I’msorryIcan’thelp___________(clean)theroom.(2)單句改錯(cuò)①Ifhetakesonthiswork,hewillhavenochoicebutmeetanevengreaterchallenge.________________②HehasbeenlookingforwardtogotoEnglandforalongtime._______________Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Iremembered____________(lock)thedoorbeforeIlefttheoffi