英語畢業(yè)論文A-Boy-in-Search-of-the-Meanings-of-Life-Holden-Caulfield-in-The-Catcher-in-the-Rye

PAGE2共2頁第2頁一個尋找人生意義的男孩——《麥田守望者》中的霍爾頓ABoyinSearchoftheMeaningofLife——HoldenCaulfieldinTheCatcherintheRyeContentsAbstract….…..…………….1Keywords…………..……….…..…………...1I.Introduction………………...……...…..….2II.TheSynopsisofTheCatcherintheRye……...……..……………….….2III.TheBackgroundsofTheCatcherintheRye…………..IV.TheThematicAnalysis………….…………………..…..41Enjoyingandadoringabundantgoods…………..…42Returningtonatureanddefendingthechildren'spurespiritualworld….…53Holden'spsychologicaljourney:escape,struggle,fantasyandcompromise….64Generationgapbetweenchildrenandadults……...……...7V.ThemesofTheCatcherintheRye……….……………..81Innocence……..………82Death………..………….83Loneliness……….………………..……84Alienation………………..…………….95Sexualconfusion……...…..………………9VI.MyViewsonHoldenCaulfield………….……………...………………9References……….………...10ABoyinSearchoftheMeaningsofLife——HoldenCaulfieldintheCatcherintheRye第13頁共11頁ABoyinSearchoftheMeaningsofLife——HoldenCaulfieldinTheCatcherintheRyeAbstract：Ascounterculturalrevoltbegantogrowduringthe1950sand1960s,TheCatcherintheRyewasfrequentlyreadasataleofanindividual'salienationwithinaheartlessworld.Holdenseemedtostandforyoungpeopleeverywhere,whofeltthemselvesbesetonallsidesbypressuretogrowupandlivetheirlivesaccordingtotherules,todisengagefrommeaningfulhumanconnection,andtorestricttheirownpersonalitiesandconformtoablandculturalnorm.ManyreaderssawHoldenCaufieldasasymbolofpure,unfetteredindividualityinthefaceofculturaloppression.BecauseSalingerusedslangandprofanityinhistextandbecausehediscussedadolescentsexualityinacomplexandopenway,manyreaderswereoffended,andTheCatcherintheRyeprovokedgreatcontroversyuponitsrelease.Thoughcontroversial,thenovelimmediatelyappealedtoagreatnumberofpeople.Itwasahugelypopularbest-sellerandgeneralcriticalsuccess.Salinger'swritingseemedtotapintotheemotionsofreadersinacompletelyunprecedentedway.Keywords：alienation;loneliness;hypocrisy;innocence;growth摘要:隨著20世紀(jì)五六十年代反社會運(yùn)動的高漲，《麥田守望者》不斷作為冷酷世界中孤立的人的故事被品讀?；魻栴D似乎代表了所有的年輕人，他們覺得自己被來自四面八方的各種壓力所包圍，他們要成長，并要按照準(zhǔn)則去生活，要斷絕有意義的人際接觸，要抑制自己的個性，并順應(yīng)一格索然無味的文化標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。很多讀者把霍爾頓作為一個象征，他是一個純真的面對文化壓迫而不受羈絆的人物。由于塞林格在書中使用了俚語和褻瀆的言辭，又由于他以一種復(fù)雜而坦誠的方式探討了青少年的性問題，觸怒了許多讀者，使得《麥田守望者》一經(jīng)問世即引發(fā)了強(qiáng)烈的爭議。該小說雖具爭議性，但仍然受到大批讀者的喜愛，它是極為受歡迎的暢銷書，在評論界亦是個成功，塞林格的作品似乎以一種前所未有的形式觸動了讀者的情感。關(guān)鍵詞：疏遠(yuǎn)；孤獨(dú)；虛偽；純真；成長I.IntroductionJeromeDavidSalinger(1916-)wasborninNewYorkCity,onJanuary1,1916.HegrewupinNewHampshireandlaterattendedthreecolleges,butgotnodegree.Asearlyastheageoffifteenhebeganwriting,andpublishinghisfirstshortstorywhenhewastwenty-one.AfterserviceasaninfantrysergeantinEuropeduringWorldWarⅡhewrotemorestories,mostofwhichwerepublishedinCollier's,SaturdayEveningPost,Storyandotherjournals.Slinger'sfirstmajorwork,TheCatcherintheRye(1951),provesawholegenerationinsearchofnewvalues.Itsadolescenthero,HoldenCaulfield,isaliterarydescendantofHuckHinn:moreeducatedandsophisticated,thesonofaffluentNewYorkers,butlikeHuckayouthfulrunawayfromaworldofadultwhichhypocrisy,greedandphoniness.Thenovelalsocreatesapleasantlyexcitinganduniquelanguageofstammeringyouth.InNineStories(1953),Salingerrevealedthathewasamasteroftheshortstoryform.Heintroduceditinhischronicleofaneccentric,warm-heartedfamilynamedGlass,continuedinhisnextbookofstories.Salingerwasoneofthemostcontroversialauthorsofthepost-warera,andhewascertainlyoneofthemostinfluentialpeopleamongcollegeyouthfromthemid-1950'stothemid-1960s.Ironically,hisownpersonalimplication,hisinsistenceonprivacyinanageofexposure,continuedtotheworshipthatgrewaroundhiswork.Thecultpraisesthevirtuesofchildlikeinnocenceandspiritualloveattheexpenseofthemorevigorousdemandsoflife.II.TheSynopsisofTheCatcherintheRyeThenoveltellsa16-year-oldmiddleschoolboy——HoldenCaufield'slivingstyleinNewYorkCity.BecauseHoldenisverypooratstudy,heisexpelledfromschool.Inordernottogohomeearlierthanhisparentsgetnoticefromschool,heletshimselfroaminNewYork,hegoestoahotelcrawlingwithprostitutesand''queers''.Verysoon,herealizesafactthattheworldofadultsisphony,andthatheissurroundedbyall''jerks''ofallkinds.HisfirstnightinNewYorkendsinabitterquarrelwithapimpwhocheatshimoutofhispocketandbeatshimup.Thenextmorningprovesdullandspiritless.Thedaymovesonslowly,sadandweary.Ameetingwithafriendendswithanotherquarrel;drinkingwithanoldacquaintancedoeslittletoimprovehismood.Hegetsdrunkandfeelsdepressedandlonesome.Nightfalls.HoldensneaksbackhometoseehiskidsisterPhoebe.Sheisalivelygirl,butherwordsabouttheirfather''killing''himsickensHolden,thenhethinksofanex-classmateandhejumpedoutofthewindowandlaydeadonthestonesteps.Aftercreepingoutofhome,Holdengoestohisformerteacher,Mr.Antolini,onlyfindsthatthemanisahomosexual.Holden'ssecondnightinNewYorkthusendswithahastyescapeformMr.Antolini'shouse.Christmasiscoming,butHoldenfeelshimselfsinking.Nowheisthinkingofgoingtothewestandspendingtherestofhislifethere.Hegoestosaygood-byetoPhoebe,tohisdismay,Phoebeinsistsongoingwithhim.Thisunexpectedactoflovejostleshimoutofhisdreamandhisnightmarishthree-dayadventureinNewYork.Hegoeshome,fallsill,andrecoversinapsychiatricwardinCalifornia.Itistherethatherecountshissadstoryofgrowingup.ThenovelmainlydepictsHolden'sthree-dayadventurelifeandhispsychologicalfeelings.Holdenwastiedofmoderncivilization'shypocrisyandcorruption,buthecouldn'tfindlife'smeanings.Hethusbecameanxious,crazyanddespairing.Althoughhetriedtoreturntonature,atlasthehadtostayintherealsociety,learnedtoadjusthimandadaptedthesocietygradually.Asanearly-maturingyoungster,Holdenwasbitterlyawarethatmodernsocietyprovidedapoorevenbarrensoilfortheyouth.Itmadethe''edger'',whowasgrowinguplikehim,stoppedtostepintothefuturebecauseoffear.Intheworldmadeof''childrenangels''and''adultsevils'',tobe''acatcherintherye''washisuniquemeaningfuljobandhisonlymoralchoice.Parentsandcriticscommentonthisnovelfromdifferentviews.Somepeopleextolledthisbookwhileotherpeoplecriticizeditseverely.Howeverwithtimegoingby,itsplaceintheAmericanliteraturewasgraduallystableanditwaspaidmoreattentionbythecriticcircle.III.TheBackgroundsofTheCatcherintheRyeTheatomicexplosionoverHiroshimaandNagasakiclaimedthevictoryoftheUnitedStatedoverJapanandtheendoftheSecondWorldWaraswell.NeverhadanewhistoricalerasoabruptlybefallenAmericanasthecataclysmofatomicbombsonJapanese.TheAtomicAgehasunmistakablyasserteditselfandAmericansweresuddenlybroughttofaceacompletelynewworldinwhicholdrulesandguidelinesturnedouttobehelpless.Afterthewar,theUnitedStatesgotevenmoreinvolvedintheinternationalaffairs.America'srivalwiththeSovietUnionresultedintheinitialoftheColdWar.ItsmarkwastheimplementoftheTrumanDoctrinein1947,theprincipleofridiculouslysupportinganti-CommunistregimeswithmassiveaidandtheMarshallPlan,theinvestmentofvastsumsofmoneybytheUnitedStatestohelpreconstructionofEurope.By1949,thefurtherhostilityandtensionprocuredtwomilitaryopposinggroups:NATO,theNorthAtlanticTreatyOrganizationandWarsawPact,anallianceofthenationsofEasternEurope.In1950,McCarthy,anotorioussenator,suggestedinvestigatingso-calledun-Americanactivitiesingovernmentalestablishments.Underthepretenceoftheseinvestigations,thereactionaryforcesintheU.S.intensifiedtheirpersecutionofcommunistsandprogressives.AsTruman'scontainmenttoEastAsiafaltered,KoreanWarbrokeout.Inthe1950s,the''Beat''writers,inexpressionofdissatisfactionwith''official''Americanlife,werebrutallyanddirectlydominant.Theso-called''BeatGeneration'',thoughnotexpatriateliketheLostGeneration,werealienatedfeelingliketheforeignersintheirowncountry.TheSecondWorldWarbroughttheUnitedStatesoutfromtheGreatDepression.Businessespeciallyinthecorporateworldseemedtoofferthegoodlife(usuallyinthesuburbs)withitsrealandsymbolicmarksofsuccesses,horses,cars,televisionsandhomeappliances.AftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,U.S.imperialismutilizeditsdominantindustrialandeconomicexpansionabroad.JeromeDavidSalingerwasborninNewYorkCity,onJanuary1,1916.HegrewupinNewHampshireandlaterattendedthreecolleges,butgotnodegree.Asearlyastheageoffifteenhebeganwriting,andpublishedhisfirstshortstorywhenhewastwenty-one.AfterserviceasaninfantrysergeantinEuropeduringWorldWarⅡhewrotemorestories,mostofwhichwerepublishedinCollier's,SaturdayEveningPost,StoryandotherJournals.In1951,Salingerpublishedhisonlyfull-lengthnovel,TheCatcherintheRye,whichpropelledhimontothenationalstage.ThisbookwaspublishedatatimewhentheburgeoningAmericanindustrialeconomymadethenationprosperousandentrenchedsocialrulesservedasacodeofconformityfortheyoungergeneration.ManyeventsfromSalinger'searlylifeappearinTheCatcherintheRye.Forinstance,HoldenCaufieldmovesfromprepschooltoprepschool,isthreatenedwithmilitaryschool,andknowsanoldColombiastudent.Inthenovelsuchautobiographicaldetailsaretransplantedintoapost-WorldWarIIsetting.IV.TheThematicAnalysis1.EnjoyingandadoringabundantgoodsTheSecondWorldWarbroughttheU.S.AoutoftheDepressionandthe1950sprovidedmostAmericanswiththetimetoenjoylong,awaitedmaterialprosperity.Yetlonelinessatthetopoccupiedadominanttheme.DuetotheTrumanDoctrineandtheColdWarandMcCarthyism,manyinnocentpersonswerechargedwith''disloyalty''andwerepersecutedathome.People'smindswereconfused.Holdenwasfedupwiththeeducationalsystem,becausetheschooltaughthimtoreadandstudyinordertoafford''agoddamnCadillacsomeday''atlast.People'scordialfeelingswerereplacedbygoodsandmoneyandbecamegoods'slave.Holdenwantedtodiemanytimesalthoughheadmittedhewasatimidboy.HisgiftedwriterbrotherD.B.tryingtoearnmoneysoldhiswritingabilitytocatertoHollywood'svulgarinterest.MoneyandstatuswerePeople'ssolechase.Holdencouldn'tfindanyjoyandhappinessfromthesocietyandtheadultworld.Hefeltdepressedandlonesomeandfailedtofindhispathtohisideallifeafterhisthreedays'loiter.Holden'sfamilywasveryrichandhestudiedinahighfeeprimarilyuniversity,sohisfutureshouldbepromising,buthewasnothappy,becausehedidn'tgetthingshewantedmost,thatwasthevaluewhichheemphasizedandtreasuredsuchashonesty,sympathy,kindnessandtheloveforpeople,totallyapersonwasregardedasa''spiritualanimal''.Unfortunately,whenhebegantoentertheadultworld,heastonishinglyfoundhisidealwasonlyabeautifulsoapbubble.Hesawthroughfalsedisplayofaffectionoftheheadmasterclearly,meanwhilehesufferedfromthesuicideofhisuniquedecentclassmate.Theonlypitifulloveinthisworldispouredintothingsnot''man''.Peopletreatcarsastheirtreasures.Iftherewereanydamagesonthecar,theywillbemisery.CarbecamethecoreoflifeforthemevenstudywasalsotogetaCadillac.Holdenhadadeep-seatedhatredforthisnakedmaterialism,becauseitdepressedpeople'smotivationandmadepeoplebecomethegoods'appendage.Peoplewerelackinginwarmthinthemoderncitywhichwasfullofexhaustedemotion,ruinedmoralsandmoneyworship.2.Returningtonatureanddefendingchildren'spurespiritualworldHoldenwasfullofstronghatredforthesocialenvironment,sohewaseagertoreturntonature.Thedirtyadultworldwasextravagant,phony,selfish,corrupted,greedyandunequal,soreturningtonaturewastoseekforbeautyofnature,escapefromtheuglysocialworld.Holdenevenwantedtobeadeafanddumbandlivesomewherewithabrookincabin,butmoderncivilizationhasalreadycoveredthemostsecludedplace.Asaresult,unlikeHuckFinnwhofledtothesimpleandromanticcountry,Holdenatwentycenturytramp,hadtostayinamentalhospitalinCaliforniatoendhisroam.WilliamWordsworthoncesaid''Thechildisfatheroftheman''inhispoem''MyheartLeapsup''.Adult'sspiritualworldwassocorruptthatonlymoneyandstatuscouldmaintaintheirrelationship.Holdensawlotsofphoniesaroundhimandchaosinthesociety,sohewishedtobea''catcherintherye''.TheexperienceofhisstayinNewYorkmadehimbecomethepervasivegloomy,andthisrelatemostlytochildrenandthethoughtofinnocence.ItwasreallytheinnocenceofchildrenandreminiscencesofchildhoodexperiencesthathadultimatelysavedHoldenfromdespairanddoom.Allkidslikehimwereindangeroflosingtheirinnocence,sohewouldstandontheedgeofthecliffandsavethenaivechildrenfromlosingtheirchildhoodintegrityandgoodness.Asheknewthatitwasimpossibletodo,hecalledhimselfcrazy.ThematterHoldenconcernedwasthathowpeopletreatedtheirfellowcountrymenandthepossibilitiesofcomprehensionandcareamongpeople.Asaresult,hejustfoundthepurerelationshipamongchildren,selflesslove,sincerehappinessandfrankdialogue.Asanearly-maturingyoungster,Holdenwasbitterlyawarethatmodernsocietyprovidedapoorevenbarrensoilfortheyouth.Itmadethe''edger'',whowasgrowinguplikehim,stoptostepintothefuturebecauseoffear.Intheworldmadeof''childrenangels''and''adultsevils'',tobe''acatcherintherye''washisuniquemeaningfuljobandhisonlymoralchoice.3.Holden'spsychologicaljourney:escape,struggle,fantasy,andcompromiseYoungHoldenCaulfieldwasexpelledfromschoolbecauseofacademicrecords.Afraidtomeethisparentsearlierthantheyshouldexpecthim,heroamedtostayinNewYorkafewdays,sohebecameslowlyawareofthefactthatadult'sworldisaphonyone.Hecalledthegirlinahotel,gotdrunkandfeltwearyandlonesome.Christmaswascoming,butHoldenfelthimselfsinking.Hewasthinkingofgoingwestandspendingtherestofhislifethere.AftermeetinghisformerteacherMr.Antolini,Holdenfoundtohissurprisehisteacherwasahomosexual.Heafterwardswenttosaygood-byetohiskidsisterPhoebe,whotohisdismay,insistedongoingwithhim.Thisunexpectedactoflovejostledhimoutofhisdreamandhisnightmarishthree-dayadventureinNewYork.Hedetestedschool'sexistingeducationalsystemandhisclassmates'socalledidealsbecauseofitsobjectiveandstudents'presentsituationof''talkingaboutgirlsandliquorandsexallday''.Hecouldn'tcommunicatewellwithhisparents,theschoolmastersandteachers.Hisfatherjustlethimentersomegoodschoolsandwouldkillhislifeifhedidn'ttryhisbesttostudyaccordingtotheschool'srequirements.Holden'swords,behaviorsandpsychologiesshowedhisescapeandstrugglewiththepeopleandsociety.Butasonememberofthesociety,althoughhehatedphonymost,healsodiditpurposelyoraccidentally.Thatcausedwhyhewantedtogowestandliveincabin.Hiscowardlycharacterandthesocialenvironmentfinallyforcedhimtoabandonfantasy.Ifhedidn'tdothat,hewouldbeimprisonedinamentalhospitalandbedeprivedoflivinginnormallife.Inthatcrazytime,itwasironicalthatnormalpeopleweremad.Simplyforthesakeoflife,thisyoungidealistwoulddriftwiththetideandhadnochoicebutendurethephonylifeorevenbecameaphonyperson.AsarepresentativeoftheauthorHolden'sexperiencesandideasreflectedSalinger'sseriousthoughtsofhumanandtheirlifeconditions.Thisyoungerideal'sdisillusion,perplex,hispain,andevenhisfinalcompromiseweretheportrayaloftheauthor'sownspiritualworldtoagreatextent.

4.GenerationgapbetweenchildrenandadultsHoldenwasabsentfromschoolafraidofbeingscolded.Hisfatherwasgoingtokillhimonceheknewhisson'sdismissalandhecaredlittleabouthisson'spsychologicalreasonsofhatingschoolandstudy.Hishistoryteacher,Mr.SpencertaughthimlikehisheadmasteratPencyschooltoplaythegamesaccordingtotherules.Meanwhile,helaterwantedtoseekconsolationfromMr.Antolini,buthewasahomosexualgivingnoconcretehelp.Havingconversationwithtwopureandunsophisticatednunshavingnoprejudiceinthestreetgavehissoulextremecomfort.InHolden'seyes,thechildrenworldwasatransparentpassionateandtheuniqueuncontaminatedlandinmodernfoullife,soonlychildrencouldunderstandandcommunicatewellwithHolden.Histen-year-old,naiveandintelligentlittlesisterPhoebelikedtohearwhatHoldensaidandshewashismosttrustedperson.TheAmericanschoolwasanimportantinstitutionwhosefunctionwastoleadtheyouthtoenterintosocietyconsciously,butHoldenstillheldahostileemotiontowardit.Hedidn'tbelievetheteachers'wordsasifhehadstudiedintheformerschools.HefeltembarrassedbythephoniesinPencyschool,sohecomplained''itwasreallyaterribleschool,nomatterhowyoulookedatit''.Hetotallycouldn'tfittheenvironmentsoherefusedtoacceptallthenormsandregulationsthattheschoolarrangedforhim.Hishistoryteacherandschoolmasterwerethetypicalrepresentativesinadultworld,Holdenwasveryangryabouttheirinstructionsof''lifeisagame'',becauseinHolden'smind,thepraiseforsuccessandthehumiliationaboutfailuresolelydependedonpeople'spropertyandstatus.Forthemattersofson'smanydismissalsfromschools,hisfatherdidn'tattempttounderstandHoldenandfindthereasonsofhisson'shatredofstudyandhelphissontosolveproblems.Contrarily,hisattitudetowardhissonwasveryrude.Holden'smotherwasalsoanemotionalandeasilyexcitedperson,soshecouldn'tprovideanytenderfeelingtohisson.TherudenessofparentspreventedHoldenfromgoingbackhomeanddaringtosayhisproblems,ofcoursehehasnocouragetogetanyhelpandsupportfromhisparents.Holdenwaseagertogetcareandhelpfromhisparents,butinthenovel,hisfatherdidn'tappear;theonlyappearanceofhismotherwashersoundfromadarkroom.Thissymbolizedthathisparentscouldn'tgivehimthelifeguideandhelpinhisspiritualworldintheprocessofHolden'sgrowth.Holden'sfatherisarichlawyer,sohetookitforgrantedthatjustsendingHoldentogetgoodeducationinordertolethimfindagoodjobaftergraduation,butthisfathercouldn'tgivehissonanycareandcherishspirit.Evenathome—theeasiestcommunicativeplace,comprehensionisaproblem.Hisparentsliveintheirowncircle,theydidn'treallyknowHolden'sbewildermentandupset.V.ThemesofTheCatcherintheRye1.InnocenceAsitstitleindicates,thedominatingthemeofTheCatcherintheRyeistheprotectionofinnocence,especiallyofchildren.Formostofthebook,Holdenseesthisasaprimaryvirtue.Itisverycloselyrelatedtohisstruggleagainstgrowingup.Holden'senemyistheadultworldandthecrueltyandartificialitythatitentails.2.DeathDeathisanotherconsistentthemeinthenovel.ItiscontinuallyimpliedbythepresenceofHolden'syoungerbrother'sspirit,eventhoughAlliehasbeendeadforaboutthreeyears.WhenHoldenfearsforhisownexistence,suchaswhenhefeelsthathemightdisappear,hespeakstoAllie.HeishauntedbythethoughtofAllieintherainycemeterysurroundedbytombstonesanddeadpeople.Holdenassociatesdeathwiththemutabilityoftime.Hewishesthateverythingcouldjuststaythewayitis,thattimecouldstandstill,especiallywhensomethingbeautifulhappens.Whenhecomparesthistothedisplaysunderglassatthemuseum,Holdenseemstoberejectinglifeitself,andlifeischange,agingandmutabilityareinevitable.Itisn'tjustthatsocietywantsHoldentogrowup;hisownbiologicalconditioninsiststhathebecomeanadult.Whenheresistschange,Holdenisfightingthebiologicalclockthateventuallywillresultinoldageanddeath.Healsoresistssimplygrowingup.Althoughwemayadmirehiscandorandevensometimesidentifywithhisadolescentwish,wearelefttoconcludethatHolden'swayleadstoconsiderablefrustrationand,eventually,madness.3.Loneliness Holdenishypersensitivetoanythingtawdry,andweseethatheisrepelledbythecontrastingshapesthattawdrinesscantakeinthepersonsofAckleyandStradlater.Yet,inspiteofthisbeingcriticalofpeople,hislonelinessdrawshimtothem,andhereallyseekscompanionshipwithbothboys.Unfortunatelyhowever,hecanfindnocommongroundonwhichtomeeteitherboy.4.AlienationHolden'sdeparturefromPenceyPrepisarecapitulationofascenethathehasplayedmanytimesbefore,whenhewasforcedtoleavehistemporaryandshiftinghome,school.StilldepressedaboutJane'sputativefateatthehandsofStradlater,heisrebuffedinhisattempttoseeksolaceinconversationwithAckley.Salingerusesthisinabilitytorelatetoafellowstudent,avocationorprepschooltoexemplifyHolden'sdeepalienationfromsociety.Hecan'tevengohometohisfamilyatleast,notyet;heputitoffaslongashecanbecausetheywillnotunderstandhimemotionally.Holdenisthusdrivenmoreandmoreintohimself,cutofffromthesocialworld;hereactsbyputtingonhischildishsymbolofescapeandpassivity,theredhuntingcap.5.Sexualconfusion SexualconfusionisanotheroftheconsistentthemesinTheCatcherintheRye.Itisnotunusualforanyofustobeconcernedaboutsexasadolescents,butHoldenisespeciallyso.Hehastheusualbiologicalyearningsbuthasmixedfeelingsabouthowheshouldrespondtothem.Althoughheisaromantic,hestilladmitsthatheissexuallydriven.ItistoHolden'screditthatherespectswhatgirlssaywhentheyaskhimtostopmakingadvances,eventhoughhehasheardtheusualrumorsthattheydon'talwaysmeanit.Whenagirlsaysshewantstostop,Holdenstops.''No''means''No''forHoldenCaulfield.Unfortunately,Holdenseemstothinkthisisoneofhisweaknesses.DuringtheencounterwithSunny,theprostitute,Holdendecidesthathesimplydoesnotwanttogothroughwiththeactofsex.WhiletalkinglaterwithCarlLuceattheWickerBar,Holdenwondersifheneedspsychoanalysisbecausehehasdifficultybeingintimatewithagirlunlesshereallycaresabouther.Luce,wholikestoposeasasophisticate,lacksthematurityorgoodsensetotellHoldenthatthesefeelingsareadmirable.VI.MyViewsonHoldenCaufieldHoldenisasixteen-year-oldjuniorwhohasjustbeenexpelledforacademicfailurefromaschoolcalledPencyPrep.Inmymind,althoughHoldenisintelligentandsensitive,henarratesinacynicalandjadedvoice.Hefindsthehypocrisyanduglinessoftheworldaroundhimalmostunbearable,andthroughhiscynicismhetriestoprotecthimselffromthepainanddisappointmentoftheadultworld.However,thecriticismthatHoldenaimsatpeoplearoundhimarealsoaimedathimself.Heisuncomfortablewithhisownweakness,andattimesdisplaysasmuchphoniness,meanness,andsuperficialityasanyoneelseinthebook.Asthenovelopens,Holdenstandspoisedonthecliffseparatingchildhoodfromadulthood.Hisinabilitytosuccessfullynegotiatethechasmleaveshimonthevergeofemotionalcollapse.Holdencomplainsaboutclassmatesandteachers.Henamesallthephonieshemeetsinsociety-churchleaders,lawyers,teachers,actors.HetalksabouttheCatholicnunhemetoverthebreakfast,howtheyweresonice-andnotphony.ThemostnoticeableofHolden's''peculiarities'',ishowextremelyjudgmentaboutalmosteverythingandeverybody.Hecriticizesandphilosophizesaboutpeoplewhoareboring,peoplewhoareinsecure,and,aboveall,peoplewhoare''phony''.Holdencarriesthispenchantforpassingjudgmenttosuchanextremethatitoftenbecomesextremelyfunny,suchaswhenhespeculatethatpeoplearesocrassthatsomeonewillprobablywrite''fuckyou''onhistombstone.Holdenappliestheterm''phony''nottopeoplewhoareinsincerebuttothosewhoaretooconventionalortootypical-forinstance,teacherswho''actlike''teachersbutassumingadifferentdemeaninclassthantheysoinconversationorpeoplewhodressandactliketheothermembersoftheirsocialclass.WhileHoldenusesthelabel''phony''implythatsuchpeoplearesuperficial,hisuseofthetermactuallyindicatesthathisownperceptionofotherpeoplearesuperficial.Inalmosteverycase,herejectsmorecomplexjudgmentsinfavorofsimplecategoricalones.MyfavoriteparagraphwhichHoldenhadbeensaidis:Ikeeppicturingalltheselittlekidsplayingsomegamesinthisbigfieldofrye.Thousandsoflittlekids,andnobody'saround-nobodybig,Imean,exceptme.AndIamstandingontheedgeofsomecrazycliff.WhatIhavetodo,Ihavetocatcheverybodyiftheystarttogooverthecliff…That'sallI'ddoallday.I'djustbethecatcherintheryeandall.Iknowit'scrazy,butthattheonlythingI'dliketobe.ThiscanshowthatHoldenwantstobeaprotector,toprotecttheinnocenceofchildren;maybeitisoneofthemeaningsofhislife.Holdensymbolizesagenerationyouthwhoareconfusedabouttheirlives,andtheycan'tfindaims,too.Holdenisalsoayoungmanwhoisafraidtogrowupandfacethetruth,hewantstokeeptheinnocence,buthecan'trefusetogrowup.References:1.CharlieShifflett.Aclassicaboutboyinsearchofmeaninginlife.[J].北京：北京朝陽區(qū)惠新東街15號《二十一世紀(jì)英文報》，2006年10月4日第674期2.JonNatchez＆BrianPhilips.Today’sMostPopularStudyGuidesTheCatcherintheRye.[M].天津：天津科技翻譯出版公司，20033.J.D.塞林格/原著施