【移動(dòng)應(yīng)用開(kāi)發(fā)技術(shù)】Android中怎么實(shí)現(xiàn)藍(lán)牙通信

【移動(dòng)應(yīng)用開(kāi)發(fā)技術(shù)】Android中怎么實(shí)現(xiàn)藍(lán)牙通信

這期內(nèi)容當(dāng)中在下將會(huì)給大家?guī)?lái)有關(guān)Android中怎么實(shí)現(xiàn)藍(lán)牙通信，文章內(nèi)容豐富且以專(zhuān)業(yè)的角度為大家分析和敘述，閱讀完這篇文章希望大家可以有所收獲。一：注意事項(xiàng)

1：android6.0使用藍(lán)牙時(shí)，需要開(kāi)啟gps定位權(quán)限，不然無(wú)法搜索其它藍(lán)牙設(shè)備。二：權(quán)限

1：權(quán)限配置<!--允許程序連接到已配對(duì)的藍(lán)牙設(shè)備-->

<uses-permission

android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"

/>

<!--

允許程序發(fā)現(xiàn)和配對(duì)藍(lán)牙設(shè)備

-->

<uses-permission

android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"

/>

<!--android

6.0

涉及到的權(quán)限-->

<uses-permission

android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"

/>

<uses-permission

android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"

/>

<!--

在SDCard中創(chuàng)建與刪除文件的權(quán)限

-->

<uses-permission

android:name="android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS"/>

<!--

往SDCard寫(xiě)入數(shù)據(jù)的權(quán)限

-->

<uses-permission

android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

2：動(dòng)態(tài)權(quán)限代碼

由于需要用到存儲(chǔ)卡，定位等，android6.0以上需要代碼動(dòng)態(tài)設(shè)置。

a)獲取定位設(shè)置if

(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT

>=

23)

{

boolean

isLocat

=

isLocationOpen(getApplicationContext());

Toast.makeText(mContext,

"isLo:"

+

isLocat,

Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

//開(kāi)啟位置服務(wù)，支持獲取ble藍(lán)牙掃描結(jié)果

if

(!isLocat)

{

Intent

enableLocate

=

new

Intent(Settings.ACTION_LOCATION_SOURCE_SETTINGS);

startActivityForResult(enableLocate,

1);

}

}

/**

*

判斷位置信息是否開(kāi)啟

*

*

@param

context

*

@return

*/

private

static

boolean

isLocationOpen(final

Context

context)

{

LocationManager

manager

=

(LocationManager)

context.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);

//gps定位

boolean

isGpsProvider

=

manager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER);

//網(wǎng)絡(luò)定位

boolean

isNetWorkProvider

=

manager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER);

return

isGpsProvider

||

isNetWorkProvider;

}b)存儲(chǔ)卡權(quán)限設(shè)置if

(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT

>=

23)

{

int

write

=

checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);

int

read

=

checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);

//動(dòng)態(tài)請(qǐng)求讀寫(xiě)sd卡權(quán)限

if

(write

!=

PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED

||

read

!=

PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)

{

requestPermissions(new

String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,

Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},

SD_CARD);

}

}然后通過(guò)onRequestPermissionsResult（）方法獲取動(dòng)態(tài)權(quán)限的結(jié)果：@Override

public

void

onRequestPermissionsResult(int

requestCode,

String[]

permissions,

int[]

grantResults)

{

switch

(requestCode){

case

SD_CARD:

if(grantResults.length>0&&grantResults[0]

==

PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){

//允許訪問(wèn)

}else{

Toast.makeText(mContext,"您拒絕了程序訪問(wèn)存儲(chǔ)卡",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

}

break;

case

COARES_LOCATION:

break;

}

}

三：藍(lán)牙搜索android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter是藍(lán)牙開(kāi)發(fā)用得比較多，并且比較重要的一個(gè)類(lèi)，可以設(shè)備藍(lán)牙名稱(chēng)，打開(kāi)，關(guān)閉，搜索等常規(guī)操作。

1藍(lán)牙打開(kāi)，以及搜索

藍(lán)牙打開(kāi)和關(guān)閉信息使用BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED去接收廣播BluetoothAdapter

mBluetoothAdapter

=

BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();

mBluetoothAdapter.setName("blueTestPhone");

//判斷藍(lán)牙是否打開(kāi)

boolean

originalBluetooth

=

(mBluetoothAdapter

!=

null

&&

mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled());

if

(originalBluetooth)

{

mBluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();

}

else

if

(originalBluetooth

==

false)

{

mBluetoothAdapter.enable();

}藍(lán)牙打開(kāi)后，我們可以獲取設(shè)備的藍(lán)牙信息StringBuilder

sb

=

new

StringBuilder();

//獲取本機(jī)藍(lán)牙名稱(chēng)

String

name

=

mBluetoothAdapter.getName();

//獲取本機(jī)藍(lán)牙地址

String

address

=

mBluetoothAdapter.getAddress();搜索完成后，通過(guò)BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND廣播去接收結(jié)果，廣播代碼如下(注意：可能出現(xiàn)設(shè)備搜索不到的情況，設(shè)備需要開(kāi)啟允許周?chē)O(shè)備搜索，或者通過(guò)程序來(lái)控制允許搜索的時(shí)間范圍)

/*確保藍(lán)牙被發(fā)現(xiàn)，在榮耀8手機(jī)上，設(shè)置了還是默認(rèn)的2分鐘，所以以下幾句代碼程序中沒(méi)有，*/

Intent

discoverableIntent

=

new

Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);

//設(shè)置可見(jiàn)狀態(tài)的持續(xù)時(shí)間為300秒，但是最多是300秒

discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION,

300);

startActivityForResult(discoverableIntent,

REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE_BLUETOOTH);

private

void

initSearchBroadcast()

{

IntentFilter

intentFilter

=

new

IntentFilter();

//發(fā)現(xiàn)設(shè)備

intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);

//設(shè)備配對(duì)狀態(tài)改變

intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED);

//藍(lán)牙設(shè)備狀態(tài)改變

intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED);

//開(kāi)始掃描

intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED);

//結(jié)束掃描

intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED);

//其它設(shè)備請(qǐng)求配對(duì)

intentFilter.addAction(ACTION_PAIRING_REQUEST);

//intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.CONNECTION_STATE_CHANGED);

registerReceiver(bluetoothReceiver,

intentFilter);

}

private

BroadcastReceiver

bluetoothReceiver

=

new

BroadcastReceiver()

{

@Override

public

void

onReceive(Context

context,

Intent

intent)

{

String

action

=

intent.getAction();

Logger.e(TAG

+

"mBluetoothReceiver

action

="

+

action);

try

{

if

(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED.equals(action))

{//開(kāi)始掃描

setProgressBarIndeterminateVisibility(true);

log1.setText("正在掃描設(shè)備，請(qǐng)稍候...");

}

else

if

(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED.equals(action))

{//結(jié)束掃描

Logger.e(TAG

+

"設(shè)備搜索完畢");

setProgressBarIndeterminateVisibility(false);

log1.setText("掃描完成");

bondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();

unbondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();

scanStatus

=

false;

}

else

if

(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action))

{//發(fā)現(xiàn)設(shè)備

findDevice(intent);

}

else

if

(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED.equals(action))

{//藍(lán)牙配對(duì)狀態(tài)的廣播

BluetoothDevice

device

=

intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);

Logger.e(TAG

+

device.getName()

+

"藍(lán)牙配對(duì)廣播:"

+

device.getBondState());

switch

(device.getBondState())

{

case

BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDING:

Logger.e(TAG

+

device.getName()

+

"藍(lán)牙配對(duì)廣播

正在配對(duì)");

break;

case

BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED:

Logger.e(TAG

+

device.getName()

+

"藍(lán)牙配對(duì)廣播

完成配對(duì),本機(jī)自動(dòng)配對(duì)");

bondDevices.add(device);

unbondDevices.remove(device);

bondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();

unbondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();

break;

case

BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE:

Logger.e(TAG

+

device.getName()

+

"藍(lán)牙配對(duì)廣播

取消配對(duì)");

unbondDevices.add(device);

bondDevices.remove(device);

unbondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();

bondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();

default:

break;

}

}

else

if

(action.equals(ACTION_PAIRING_REQUEST))

{//其它設(shè)備藍(lán)牙配對(duì)請(qǐng)求

BluetoothDevice

btDevice

=

intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);

int

state

=

intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_BOND_STATE,

BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE);

//當(dāng)前的配對(duì)的狀態(tài)

try

{

String

path

=

Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()

+

"/blueTest/";

String

deviceName

=

btDevice.getName();

Logger.e(TAG

+

"藍(lán)牙

匹配信息："

+

deviceName

+

","

+

btDevice.getAddress()

+

",state:"

+

state);

//1.確認(rèn)配對(duì)，高版本無(wú)效,藍(lán)牙配對(duì)不是zuk的問(wèn)題，而是安卓6.0的bug，凡是遇到藍(lán)牙適配問(wèn)題的，請(qǐng)同時(shí)打開(kāi)藍(lán)牙和定位，再去配對(duì)，基本90%都沒(méi)有問(wèn)題了。

Object

object

=

ClsUtils.setPairingConfirmation(btDevice.getClass(),

btDevice,

true);

//2.終止有序廣播,如果沒(méi)有將廣播終止，則會(huì)出現(xiàn)一個(gè)一閃而過(guò)的配對(duì)框。

abortBroadcast();

//3.調(diào)用setPin方法進(jìn)行配對(duì)...

boolean

ret

=

ClsUtils.setPin(btDevice.getClass(),

btDevice,

PWD);

}

catch

(Exception

e)

{

//

TODO

Auto-generated

catch

block

e.printStackTrace();

Toast.makeText(mContenxt,

"error:"

+

btDevice

+

","

+

state,

Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

}

}

else

if

(action.equals(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED))

{//藍(lán)牙開(kāi)關(guān)狀態(tài)

//

BluetoothDevice

device

=

intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);

int

statue

=

mBluetoothAdapter.getState();

switch

(statue)

{

case

BluetoothAdapter.STATE_OFF:

Logger.e("藍(lán)牙狀態(tài)：,藍(lán)牙關(guān)閉");

ClsUtils.closeDiscoverableTimeout(mBluetoothAdapter);

break;

case

BluetoothAdapter.STATE_ON:

Logger.e("藍(lán)牙狀態(tài)：,藍(lán)牙打開(kāi)");

ClsUtils.setDiscoverableTimeout(1000

*

60,

mBluetoothAdapter);

scanBluetooth();

break;

case

BluetoothAdapter.STATE_TURNING_OFF:

Logger.e("藍(lán)牙狀態(tài)：,藍(lán)牙正在關(guān)閉");

mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();

break;

case

BluetoothAdapter.STATE_TURNING_ON:

Logger.e("藍(lán)牙狀態(tài)：,藍(lán)牙正在打開(kāi)");

break;

}

}

}

catch

(Exception

e)

{

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

};

//發(fā)現(xiàn)設(shè)備的代碼如下

private

void

findDevice(Intent

intent)

throws

Exception{

//獲取到設(shè)備對(duì)象

BluetoothDevice

device

=

intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);

String

str

=

device.getName()

+

"|"

+

device.getAddress();

Logger.e("掃描到設(shè)備："

+

str);

if

(device.getBondState()

==

BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED)

{//判斷當(dāng)前設(shè)備地址下的device是否已經(jīng)配對(duì)

if

(!bondDevices.contains(device))

{

bondDevices.add(device);

}

}

else

{

if

(!unbondDevices.contains(device))

{

unbondDevices.add(device);

}

if

(device.getName().equals(TEST_DEVICE_NAME))

{

boolean

bondStatus

=

ClsUtils.createBond(device.getClass(),

device);

Logger.i(TAG

+

"

bondStatus:"

+

bondStatus);

}

}

Log.e("error",

"搜索完畢，準(zhǔn)備刷新!");

bondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();

unbondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();

}四：藍(lán)牙配對(duì)

正常情況下，藍(lán)牙匹配需要彈出一個(gè)匹配確認(rèn)框，如下圖,但我想實(shí)現(xiàn)的是，匹配其中一方，不能手動(dòng)點(diǎn)擊配對(duì)，因?yàn)榘l(fā)起藍(lán)牙連接的設(shè)備是android設(shè)備，是不能觸摸的，所以就要通過(guò)程序來(lái)解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，特別聲明：（測(cè)試的android設(shè)備，版本為5.x，并且已經(jīng)root,沒(méi)有root的設(shè)備，或者不是android5.x不清楚能否實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)匹配，因?yàn)槲抑挥羞@個(gè)測(cè)試設(shè)備）。1當(dāng)我們搜索到目標(biāo)手機(jī)的藍(lán)牙后，android設(shè)備主動(dòng)發(fā)起連接請(qǐng)求，代碼如下

if

(device.getName().equals(TEST_DEVICE_NAME))

{

boolean

bondStatus

=

ClsUtils.createBond(device.getClass(),

device);

Logger.i(TAG

+

"

bondStatus:"

+

bondStatus);

}

//發(fā)起藍(lán)牙匹配請(qǐng)求

public

boolean

createBond(Class

btClass,

BluetoothDevice

btDevice)

throws

Exception

{

Method

createBondMethod

=

btClass.getMethod("createBond");

Boolean

returnValue

=

(Boolean)

createBondMethod.invoke(btDevice);

return

returnValue.booleanValue();

}2當(dāng)被匹配方點(diǎn)擊配對(duì)后，系統(tǒng)會(huì)通過(guò)BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED廣播告訴android設(shè)備，此時(shí)android設(shè)備就可以自動(dòng)確認(rèn)，通過(guò)這個(gè)流程來(lái)完成整個(gè)藍(lán)牙的配對(duì),具體代碼如下

BluetoothDevice

btDevice

=

intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);

int

state

=

intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_BOND_STATE,

BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE);

//當(dāng)前的配對(duì)的狀態(tài)

try

{

String

path

=

Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()

+

"/blueTest/";

String

deviceName

=

btDevice.getName();

Logger.e(TAG

+

"藍(lán)牙

匹配信息："

+

deviceName

+

","

+

btDevice.getAddress()

+

",state:"

+

state);

if(deviceName.equals(TEST_DEVICE_NAME)){//TEST_DEVICE_NAME

為被匹配藍(lán)牙設(shè)備的名稱(chēng)，自己手動(dòng)定義

Object

object

=

ClsUtils.setPairingConfirmation(btDevice.getClass(),

btDevice,

true);

abortBroadcast();

boolean

ret

=

ClsUtils.setPin(btDevice.getClass(),

btDevice,

PWD);

}

}

catch

(Exception

e)

{

//

TODO

Auto-generated

catch

block

e.printStackTrace();

Toast.ma