名詞(可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞)

專題一名詞主要考查三個(gè)方面：1、聯(lián)系上下文，考查同義詞、近義詞辨析；2、可數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)、不可數(shù)名詞、抽象名詞、名詞詞組的意義和用法；3、名詞的固定搭配和習(xí)慣用語?！裘~的數(shù)規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式規(guī)則讀音例子1一般情況在詞尾加s在清輔音后讀/s/在元音及濁輔音后讀/z/map—_____sea—______girl—______day—_____apple—_______規(guī)則讀音例子2以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加eses一般讀作/iz/class—________box-_______watch—________brush(刷子)-_______3以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變f和fe為v再加esves一般讀作/vz/leaf—（葉子）_______thief(小偷)—_______knife—_______wife（妻子）—_______規(guī)則讀音例子4以y結(jié)尾的名詞以輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i，再加es(e)s一般讀作/iz/family—_______party—_______story—_______city—________以元音字母＋y結(jié)尾的名詞+ss一般讀作/z/toy—______boy—______day—______5.以o結(jié)尾的名詞有生命的一般加-eshero—_______potato—_______tomato—_______無生命的一般加-spiano—_______radio—_______zoo—_______photo—_______可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的不規(guī)則變化規(guī)則例詞1改變名詞中的元音字母或其他變化形式man—_______woman—_______foot—_______tooth—_______goose—_______特殊：child—_______mouse—_______2單復(fù)數(shù)同形sheep—_______deer—_______3只有復(fù)數(shù)形式trousersclotheschopsticksglasses（眼鏡）goods(商品)4一些集體名詞用作復(fù)數(shù)peoplepolicecattle(牛)staff（全體職員）規(guī)則例詞5表示“某國人”變復(fù)數(shù)加-sAmerican—_______German—_______European—_______單復(fù)數(shù)同形Chinese—_______Japanese—_______以-man或-woman結(jié)尾的改為-men或-womenEnglishman—_______Frenchwoman—_______記憶口訣：中日不變英法變，其余s加后面1.Helpyourselftosome_______.Therearelotsofvitaminsinthem.A.tomato B.tomatoes C.tomatos D.potatos2.ifyoutakeaplane,youcannottake______ontotheplanewithyou.A.knife B.knifes C.knives D.aknives3.The_______havecaughtthetwo_______already.A.policeman;thief B.policemen;thiefs C.policemen;thieves D.policeman;thieves【2016重慶】It’ssportstime.MoststudentsinClass1areplayingfootballontheplayground.A.boy B.boys C.boy’s D.boys’【2015攀枝花】Allthearefrom．A.mendoctors;GermanyB.mendoctors;GermanC.mandoctors;GermanyD.mandoctor;German【2015廣安】—Howmanycanyouseeinthepicture?—Two．A.dogB.childC.sheepsD.sheep【2015天河】—Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?—,please.A.Twobottleoforange B.TwobottleoforangesC.TwobottlesoforangeD.Twobottlesoforanges◆名詞所有格◆’s所有格使用場合與構(gòu)成方法例子1單數(shù)名詞在末尾加’stheboy’sfather2復(fù)數(shù)名詞一般在末尾加’theteachers’room不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加’sChildren’sDay3表示各有關(guān)系時(shí),各名詞末尾均須加’sJane’sandMary’sbikes（兩人各有）表示共有關(guān)系時(shí)，在最后一詞末加’sJaneandMary’sbike（兩人共有）◆of所有格“名詞+of+名詞”表示物體所屬關(guān)系。使用場合與構(gòu)成方法例子多用在無生命事物名詞前amapofChinathelegsofthechair也可用于表示人和其他有生命的名詞，一般用在名詞定語較長的時(shí)候Doyouknowthenameoftheboysittinginbed?注意thestoryofSunYang＝SunYang’sstory孫楊的故事◆雙重所有格①of+名詞所有格Lucyisafriendofmysister’s.露西是我妹妹的一個(gè)朋友。②of+名詞性物主代詞apictureofherson’s她兒子的一張照片(屬于兒子所有，但照片中的人不一定就她兒子)③由“數(shù)詞+名詞”構(gòu)成的合成名詞作定語時(shí)，其所有格一般用名詞的單數(shù)形式，注意中間有連字符“-”。atwo-dayholiday兩天的假期a200-metre-wideriver一條200米寬的河④少數(shù)名詞使用的固定搭配（to所有格）thewaytothebankthekeytothedoortheanswertothequestion【2016山東東營】—Areyousurethisisaphoto,thefamouscomedyactress?—Itsurprisedyou,didn’tit?Butshewasoncereallythin.JiaLing B.JiaLing’sC.ofJiaLingD.ofJiaLing’s【2015武威】_____motherscan’tgotoparents’meetingbecausetheyaretoobusy.A.Jack’sandPaul B.Jack’sandPaul’sC.JackandPaul’s D.JackandPaul【2014廣東】Katherinewasexcitedtoreceiveadozenofrosesfromherhusbandon_____Day.A.WomanB.WomenC.Woman’sD.Women’s【2015黑龍江】—Whoseroomisthis?Isitthe?—Yes,itis．A.twins’;TomandTim’sB.twin’s;Tom’sandTim’sC.twins’;TomandTim【2015臨沂】Ilivenearthestation.It’sonlyaboutfive————walk．A.minute’sB.minuteC.minutes’D.minutes1.______schoolisquitenearthebusstation.A.TedandTom’sB.Ted’sandTom’sC.TedandTomD.TedandToms’2.Doyouknowtheboywhoisplayingsoccerthere?Certainly.Heisafriendofmy_______.A.brotherB.brothersC.brother’sD.brothers’sReadingtimeA

GREedy

dog

went

into

a

butcher’s

shop

and

stolea

big

juicy

bone.

He

ran

away

so

fast

that

thebutcher

could

not

catch

him.

He

ran

out

into

thefields

with

his

bone.

He

was

going

to

eat

it

all

byhimself.the

dog

came

to

a

stream.

There

was

a

narrowbridge

across

it.

The

dog

walked

on

to

the

bridge,

and

looked

into

the

water.

He

could

seeanother

dog

with

a

big

bone

in

his

mouth.the

GREedy

dog

thought

the

bone

in

the

water

looked

much

bigger

than

the

one

he

had

stolenfrom

the

butcher.the

GREedy

dog

dropped

the

bone

from

his

mouth.

It

fell

into

the

water

and

was

lost.

Hejumped

into

the

water

to

snatch

the

bigger

bone

from

the

other

dog.the

GREedy

dog

jumped

into

the

water

with

a

big

splash.

He

looked

everywhere

but

he

couldnot

see

the

other

dog.

His

shadow

had

gone.the

silly

dog

went

home

hungry.

He

lost

his

bone

and

got

nothing

because

he

had

been

tooGREedy.LionwasawakenedfromsleepbyaMouserunningoverhisface.Risingupinanger,hecaughthimandwasabouttokillhim,whentheMousepiteouslyentreated,saying:"Ifyouwouldonlysparemylife,Iwouldbesuretorepayyourkindness."TheLionlaughedandlethimgo.IthappenedshortlyafterthisthattheLionwascaughtbysomehunters,whoboundhimbystrongropestotheground.TheMouse,recognizinghisroar,ca