新起航大學(xué)英語 Unit 4

Unit4WhatMakesaGoodTeacher?TextATextBKnowledgeEmpoweringIntegratedExercisesCultureExpressTextAPre-readingThoughtLead-inQuestionsTextATranslationLanguagePointsNewWordsandExpressionsNotesTextStructureReadingComprehensionTextAHeplantstreestobenefitanothergeneration.——CaeciliusStatiusPre-readingThoughtTextAWhoisthebestteacherinyourlife?Whathaveyoulearnedfromhim/her?Whatdoyouthinkisthepurposeofeducation?Lead-inQuestions1.2.TextATheBestTeacherinLifeCaeciliusStatiusThereisastoryfrommanyyearsagoofaprimaryschoolteacher.HernamewasMrs.Thompson.Andasshestoodinfrontofthe5thgradeclassontheveryfirstdayofschool,shetoldthechildrenalie.Likemostteachers,shelookedatherstudentsandsaidthatshelovedthemallthesame.Butthatwasimpossiblebecausethereinthefrontrow,slumpedinhisseat,wasalittleboynamedTeddyStoddard1.Mrs.ThompsonhadwatchedTeddytheyearbeforeandnoticedthathedidn’tplaywellwithotherchildren,hisclothesweremessyandheconstantlyneededabath.And,Teddycouldbeunpleasant.213TextAItgottothepointwhereMrs.Thompsonwouldactuallytakedelightinmarkinghispaperswithabroadredpen,makingboldXsandthenputtingan“F”atthetopofhispapers.AttheschoolwhereMrs.Thompsontaught,shewasrequiredtorevieweachchild’spastrecordsandsheputTeddy’soffuntillast.However,whenshereviewedhisfile,shewasinforasurprise.Teddy’sfirstgradeteacherwrote,“Teddyisabrightchildwithareadylaugh2.Hedoeshisworkneatlyandhasgoodmanners...heisajoytobearound.”Hissecondgradeteacherwrote,“Teddyisanexcellentstudent,well-likedbyhisclassmates.Butheistroubledbecausehismotherhasaterminalillnessandlifeathomemustbeastruggle.”456TextAHisthirdgradeteacherwrote,“Hismother’sdeathhasbeenhardonhim.Hetriedtodohisbestbuthisfatherdoesn’tshowmuchinterestinhim,andhishomelifewillsoonaffecthimifsomestepsaren’ttaken.”Teddy’sfourthgradeteacherwrote,“Teddyiswithdrawnanddoesn’tshowmuchinterestinschool.Hedoesn’thavemanyfriendsandsometimessleepsinclass.”Bynow,Mrs.Thompsonrealizedtheproblemandshewasashamedofherself.ShefeltevenworsewhenherstudentsbroughtherChristmaspresents,wrappedinbeautifulpaperandtiedwithprettyribbons,exceptforTeddy’s.Hispresentwasclumsilywrappedintheheavy,brownpaperthathegotfromagrocerybag.789TextAMrs.Thompsonopeneditinthemiddleoftheotherpresents.Someofthechildrenstartedtolaughwhenshefoundarhinestonebraceletwithsomeofthestonesmissing,andabottlethatwasone-quarterfullofperfume.Butshestifledthechildren’slaughterwhensheexclaimedhowprettythebraceletwas,puttingiton,anddabbingsomeoftheperfumeonherwrist.Teddystayedafterschoolthatdayjustlongenoughtosay,“Mrs.Thompson,todayyousmelledjustlikemymomusedto.”Afterthechildrenleftshecriedforatleastanhour.Ontheveryday,shequitteachingreading,andwriting,andarithmetic.Insteadshebegantoteachchildrenhowtobeaman.1011TextAMrs.ThompsonpaidparticularattentiontoTeddy.Assheworkedwithhim,hismindseemedtocomealive.Themoresheencouragedhim,thefasterheresponded.Bytheendoftheyear,Teddyhadbecomeoneofthesmartestchildrenintheclass.Ayearlater,shefoundanoteunderherdoor,fromTeddy,tellingherthatshewasstillthebestteacherheeverhadinhiswholelife.SixyearswentbybeforeshegotanothernotefromTeddy.Hethenwrotethathehadfinishedhighschool,thirdinhisclass,andshewasstillthebestteacherheeverhadinhiswholelife.121314TextAFouryearsafterthat,shegotanotherletter,sayingthathewouldsoongraduatefromcollegewiththehighestofhonors.Thenfourmoreyearspassedandyetanotherlettercame.Thistimeheexplainedthatafterhegothisbachelor’sdegree,hedecidedtogoalittlefurther.Theletterexplainedthatshewasstillthebestandfavoriteteacherheeverhad.Butnowhisnamewasalittlelonger—theletterwassigned,TheodoreF.Stoddard,MD3.Thestorydoesn’tendthere.Yousee,therewasyetanotherletterthatspring.Teddysaidhe’dmethisgirlandwasgoingtobemarried.HeexplainedthathisfatherhaddiedacoupleofyearsagoandhewaswonderingifMrs.Thompsonmightagreetositintheplaceattheweddingthatwasusuallyreservedforthemotherofthegroom.OfcourseMrs.Thompsondid.1516TextAAttheweddingceremony,theyhuggedeachother,andDr.StoddardwhisperedinMrs.Thompson’sear,“ThankyouMrs.Thompsonforbelievinginme,thankyousomuchformakingmefeelimportantandshowingmethatIcouldmakeadifference.”Mrs.Thompson,withtearsinhereyes,whisperedback.Shesaid,“Teddy,youhaveitallwrong.YouweretheonewhotaughtmethatIcouldmakeadifference.Ididn’tknowhowtoteachuntilImetyou.”(828words)1718一生中最好的老師凱基利烏斯·斯塔提烏斯這個故事說的是多年前一名叫湯普森夫人的小學(xué)老師。在開學(xué)的第一天，她站在五年級全班學(xué)生面前，對孩子們?nèi)隽艘粋€謊。像大多數(shù)老師一樣，她看著同學(xué)們，說她會一視同仁地愛他們每一個人。

但這是不可能的，因?yàn)榍芭抛簧暇妥鴤€萎靡不振的小男孩，他叫泰迪·斯托達(dá)德。

湯普森夫人從去年就開始留意泰迪，發(fā)覺他不大和其他孩子一起玩兒，衣衫不整，身上總是很臟，而且，泰迪還不討人喜歡。

湯普森夫人甚至喜歡上用粗紅筆在泰迪的考卷上打上些大大的叉，并在卷子上方寫個大大的“F”。湯普森夫人執(zhí)教的學(xué)校要求老師瀏覽每個孩子的檔案，她把泰迪的放在最后才看。

可是，她翻閱泰迪的檔案時，不禁大吃一驚。泰迪一年級老師的評語是：“泰迪是一個聰明的孩子，開朗愛笑，作業(yè)工整，禮貌待人……與他在一起很開心?！盩extA-TranslationTextA-Translation二年級老師的評語是：“泰迪是個優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生，同學(xué)們都很喜歡他。但是，他母親得了絕癥，他很苦惱，家里生活肯定也很艱難?！?/p>

他三年級老師的評語是：“他母親的去世對他打擊很大。盡管他試圖努力表現(xiàn)，但他父親不大理會。如果不采取措施，他的家庭生活很快就會影響到他?！?/p>

他四年級老師的評語是：“泰迪性格孤僻，有厭學(xué)情緒。他朋友不多，上課有時候睡覺?！?/p>

看到這里，湯普森夫人明白了問題所在，她為自己感到羞愧。當(dāng)同學(xué)們送給她圣誕禮物時，她更無地自容了。那些禮物都用漂亮的包裝紙包著，扎著美麗的彩帶，唯有泰迪的例外。他的禮物用雜貨袋的厚厚的棕色紙粗陋地包著。

在一堆禮物中間，湯普森夫人拆開了泰迪送的禮物。當(dāng)看到里面放的是一串缺少了一些珠子的萊茵石手鐲，還有1/4瓶香水的時候，有些孩子開始笑出聲來。湯普森夫人制止了孩子們的嘲笑，并大聲贊嘆手鐲多么漂亮。她戴上手鐲，還在手腕處噴了點(diǎn)兒香水。那天放學(xué)以后，泰迪·斯托達(dá)德留下來對湯普森夫人說：“湯普森夫人，您今天身上的味道像我媽媽?！盩extA-Translation

孩子們走后，她哭了至少一個小時。從那天起，她不再單純教閱讀、寫作和算術(shù)，而是開始教孩子們?nèi)绾巫鋈恕丈蛉颂貏e關(guān)注泰迪。在她的悉心教導(dǎo)下，他的思維似乎變得敏捷起來。她越鼓勵他，他的反應(yīng)就越快。到了年底，泰迪已在全班名列前茅。

一年后，湯普森夫人發(fā)現(xiàn)門下有張?zhí)┑蠈憗淼谋銞l，說她仍然是他一生中碰到的最好的老師。

又過了6年，她又收到了泰迪的短箋，說他以全班第三名的成績高中畢業(yè)，而她仍然是他遇見過的最好的老師。又過了4年，她又收到泰迪的來信，說他很快就要以優(yōu)異的成績大學(xué)畢業(yè)。又一個4年，又來了一封信。這次他解釋到，拿到學(xué)士學(xué)位后，他繼續(xù)深造去了。他在這封信中說明，她依然是他一生中最好、最喜歡的老師。不過，這次他的署名長了一點(diǎn)，信的落款是：西奧多·F·斯托達(dá)德醫(yī)學(xué)博士。TextA-Translation故事并沒有就此結(jié)束。你瞧，那年春天，又來了一封信。泰迪在信上說，他交了女友，倆人就要結(jié)婚了。他解釋說，他爸爸幾年前去世了，所以他想知道在他們的婚禮上，湯普森夫人是否愿意坐在他母親的位子上。湯普森夫人當(dāng)然愿意了。

婚禮上，他們互相擁抱，斯托達(dá)德博士對湯普森夫人耳語道：“湯普森夫人，謝謝您對我的信任！非常感謝您對我的重視，是您讓我明白了自己的價值?！?/p>

湯普森夫人熱淚盈眶，低聲答道：“泰迪，你搞錯了。是你讓我明白自己可以有所作為。在遇到你以后，我才知道怎樣教育孩子?！盇nd,Teddycouldbeunpleasant.(Para.1)Paraphrase:And,Teddywasnotpleasingtoothers.1.【譯文】而且，泰迪還不討人喜歡。ItgottothepointwhereMrs.Thompsonwouldactuallytakedelightinmarkinghispaperswithabroadredpen,makingboldXsandthenputtingan“F”atthetopofhispapers.（Para.4）Paraphrase:ThinghasdevelopedtothesituationthatMrs.ThompsonwouldunexpectedlyliketomarkhispaperswithboldredpenandmakebigXsandthenmarkan“F”atthetopofhispapers.2.【譯文】湯普森夫人甚至喜歡上用粗紅筆在泰迪的考卷上打上些大大的叉，并在卷子上方寫個大大的“F”。Itgottothepointwhere...事情發(fā)展到了……的地步takedelightin:takepleasurein;like喜歡；以……為樂e.g.Ifullyagreetothearrangementandtakedelightinit.·areadylaugh(Para.5)開朗愛笑3.4.Heisajoytobearound.(Para.5)Paraphrase:Itispleasanttobewithhim.【譯文】與他在一起很開心。terminal(Para.6):adj.(ofadisease)predictedtoleadtodeath,especiallyslowly;incurable（疾病）末期的，晚期的；不治的，致命的5.e.g.·terminalcancer（晚期癌癥）·Hismother'sdeathhasbeenhardonhim.(Para.7)Paraphrase:Hismother'sdeathhasbeenagreathitonhim.6.【譯文】他母親的去世對他打擊很大。takesomesteps(Para.7):takesomemeasuresoraction采取措施7.e.g.·Thegovernmentshouldtakesomestepstobringdownthepriceoffood.·8.Hispresentwasclumsilywrappedintheheavy,brownpaperthathegotfromagrocerybag.(Para.9)Paraphrase:Hispresentwasawkwardlyenclosedinthethick,brownpaperthathegotfromagrocerybag.【譯文】他的禮物用雜貨袋那厚厚的棕色紙粗陋地包著。respond(Para.12):vi.(ofaperson)actorbehaveinreactiontosomeoneorsth.（人）做出反應(yīng)9.e.g.·Sheturnedherhead,respondingtohisgrinwithasmile.·bachelor'sdegree(Para.15):degreethatapersongetsafteronehascompletedauniversitydegreecourse學(xué)士學(xué)位10.MD:DoctorofMedicine醫(yī)學(xué)博士11.reserve(Para.16):v.①retainforfutureuse保留，預(yù)留e.g.·Adoubleroomwithabalconyoverlookingtheseahadbeenreservedforhim.②arrangefor(aroom,seat,ticket,etc.)tobekeptfortheuseofaparticularpersonandnotgiventoanyoneelse.預(yù)訂e.g.·I'llreserveatableforfive.12.··13.makea/nodifference(Para.17)：haveasignificanteffect(ornoeffect)onapersonorsituation有影響，有關(guān)系/沒影響，沒關(guān)系e.g.Whateveryoucandocanmakeadifference.slump/sl?mp/v.★

2starsIfyouslumpsomewhere,youfallorsitdownthereheavily,forexample,becauseyouareverytiredoryoufeelill.癱倒;（因勞累或生病等）跌坐messy/?mesi/adj.1starSomethingthatismessyisdirtyornotneat.臟的constantly/'k?nst?ntli/adv.continually

不斷地；時常地neatly/‘ni?tli/adv.withneatness

整潔地terminal/?t??m?n?l/adj.◎2stars

Aterminalillnessordiseasecausesdeath,oftenslowly,andcannotbecured.（疾病）晚期的;致命的withdrawn/w?e?dr??n/adj.Someonewhoiswithdrawnisveryquiet,anddoesnotwanttotalktootherpeople.沉默寡言的wrap/r?p/v.◎3starsWhenyouwrapsomething,youfoldpaperorclothtightlyaroundittocoveritcompletely,forexample,inordertoprotectitorsothatyoucangiveittosomeoneasapresent.包裹ribbon/r?b?n/n.◎2starsAribbonisalong,narrowpieceofcloththatyouusefortyingthingstogetherorasadecoration.裝飾帶clumsily/'kl?mz?li/adv.

awkwardly,ineptly笨拙地；粗陋地rhinestone/?ra?n?st??n/n.Rhinestonesareshiny,glassjewelsthatareusedincheapjewelleryandtodecorateclothes.人造鉆石；萊茵石（一種假鉆石）bracelet/'bre?sl?t/n.★1starAbraceletisachainorband,usuallymadeofmetal,whichyouweararoundyourwristasjexellery.手鐲perfume/'p??fju?m/n.★2starsPerfumeisapleasant-smellingliquidthatwomenputontheirskintomakethemselvessmellnice.香水stifle/'sta?f?l/v.★1starstopsomethingfromhappeningordeveloping制止exclaim/?k?skle?m/v.

◎

1starsWriterssometimesuseexclaimtoshowthatsomeoneisspeakingsuddenly,loudly,oremphatically,oftenbecausetheyareexcited,shocked,orangry.（因興奮、震驚、憤怒等）突然呼喊;驚叫dab/d?b/v.Ifyoudabsomething,youtouchitseveraltimesusingquick,lightmovements.Ifyoudabasubstanceontoasurface,youputitthereusingquick,lightmovements.輕擦;輕敷arithmetic/?'r?θm?t?k/n.◎1starArithmeticisthepartofmathematicsthatisconcernedwiththeaddition,subtraction,multiplication,anddivisionofnumbers.算術(shù)respond/r??sp?nd/v.◎4starsWhenyourespondtosomethingthatisdoneorsaid,youreacttoitbydoingorsayingsomethingyourself.回應(yīng)reserve/r??z??v/v.◎4starsIfsomethingisreservedforaparticularpersonorpurpose,itiskeptspeciallyforthatpersonorpurpose.預(yù)留groom/gru?m/v.

★1star(=bridegroom)Agroomisamanwhoisgettingmarried.新郎whisper/?w?sp?/v.◎3starsWhenyouwhisper,yousaysomethingveryquietly,usingyourbreathratherthanyourthroat,sothatonlyonepersoncanhearyou.悄聲說出;悄聲說primaryschool小學(xué)allthesame毫無區(qū)別，一模一樣takedelightin喜愛，以……為樂takesomesteps采取措施beashamedof為……感到羞恥comealive活躍起來bachelor’sdegree學(xué)士學(xué)位makeadifference做出改變Butthatwasimpossiblebecausethereinthefrontrow,slumpedinhisseat,wasalittleboynamedTeddyStoddard.但這是不可能的，因?yàn)榍芭抛簧暇妥鴤€萎靡不振的小男孩，他叫泰迪·斯托達(dá)德。1.areadylaugh:笑口常開2.MD:DoctorofMedicine醫(yī)學(xué)博士MDiswrittenaftersomeone’snametoindicatethattheyhavebeenawardedadegreeinmedicineandarequalifiedtopractiseasadoctor.3.TextStructurePartsParagraphsMainIdeasI1～4Mrs.Thompsondidn'tlikeTeddybecausesheconsideredhimveryunpleasant.Para.1:Mrs.Thompsonliedthatshelovedallherstudents.Para.2:Mrs.Thompsondidn'tloveTeddyStoddard.Para.3:Mrs.ThompsonconsideredTeddyanunpleasantboy.Para.4:Mrs.Thompsondidn'tlikeTeddysosheputTeddy'spastrecordsoffuntillast.TextStructurePartsParagraphsMainIdeasII5～11AfterreviewingTeddy'spastrecordsandreceivinghispresent,Mrs.Thompsonwasashamedofherselfanddecidedtoteachchildrenhowtobeaman.Para.5:Mrs.ThompsonwassurprisedatthecommentsbyTeddy'sfirstgradeteacher.Para.6:Teddy'ssecondgradeteacherwroteabouthismother'sdeathanddifficultlifeafterthat.Para.7:Teddy'sthirdgradeteacherwroteaboutthebadinfluenceofhislifeonhisstudy.Para.8:Inthefourthgrade,Teddycompletelychanged.TextStructurePartsParagraphsMainIdeasII5～11AfterreviewingTeddy'spastrecordsandreceivinghispresent,Mrs.Thompsonwasashamedofherselfanddecidedtoteachchildrenhowtobeaman.Para.9:Realizingtheproblem,Mrs.Thompsonwasashamedofherself,especiallywhenshegotTeddy'spresent.Para.10:ThoughotherchildrenlaughedatTeddy'spresent,Mrs.ThompsonloveditandTeddywasveryglad.Para.11:Mrs.Thompsondecidedtoteachchildrenhowtobeaman.TextStructurePartsParagraphsMainIdeasIII12～15Mrs.ThompsonhelpedTeddymakehislifedifferentandheconsideredherhisbestteacher.Para.12:Mrs.ThompsontriedherbesttohelpTeddyandhebecameoneofthesmartestchildren.Para.13:TeddytoldMrs.Thompsonthatshewasthebestteacherheeverhadinhiswholelife.Para.14:Sixyearslater,TeddystillconsideredMrs.Thompsonthebestteacher.TextStructurePartsParagraphsMainIdeasIII12～15Mrs.ThompsonhelpedTeddymakehislifedifferentandheconsideredherhisbestteacher.Para.15:Anotherfouryearspassed,whenTeddybecomeaDoctorofMedicine,hestillregardedMrs.Thompsonasthebestteacher.TextStructurePartsParagraphsMainIdeasIV16～18Mrs.Thompsonthoughtit'sTeddywhotaughthimhowtobeagoodteacher.Para.16:TeddyinvitedMrs.Thompsontorepresenthismotherandsheaccepted.Para.17:Atthewedding,TeddythankedMrs.Thompsonforallshedidtohelphim.Para.18:Mrs.Thompsonthoughtit'sTeddywhotaughthimhowtobeagoodteacher.Decidewhichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthethemeofthepassage.ReadforMainIdeasA.Ms.ThompsonisthebestteacherinTeddy’seyes.C.Teddybecamesuccessfulbecauseofthehelpofhisteacher.D.One’slifemaygreatlyinfluencehisperformanceinschool.B.Thebestteachershouldpayattentionnotonlytostudents’scores,butalsototheirmentality.1.Mrs.Thompsontoldaliethatshelovedallherstudents.2.WhenMrs.ThompsonreviewedTeddy’spastrecords,shewasbecauseTeddy’sfirstgradeteacherwrote,“Teddyisabrightchildwithareadylaugh.”3.Teddywasanddidn’tshowmuchinterestinschoolbecauseofhismother’sdeathandhisfather’sindifference.4.Mrs.ThompsonencouragedTeddy,heresponded.5.TeddythankedMrs.Thompsonforbelievinginhim,makinghimfeelimportantandshowinghimthathecould.Fillintheblanksaccordingtothetext.ReadforDetails__________allthesame________withdrawn____________inforasurprise_______________Themorethefaster_______________makeadifference()Mrs.ThompsonlovedTeddyjustlikeotherstudents.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________()Mrs.Thompsondidn’tlikemarkingTeddy’spaperswithabroadredpen,makingboldXsandthenputtingan“F”atthetopofhispapers.__________________________________________________________1.2.MakeInferencesDecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalseaccordingtothetext,andcorrectthefalseonesbywritingthecorrespondingtruestatements.FMrs.Thompsondidn'tloveTeddybecausehedidn'tplaywellwiththeotherchildren,hisclothesweremessyandconstantlyneedabath.And,Teddycouldbeunpleasant.FMrs.Thompsonwouldactuallytakedelightindoingthat.MakeInferences()AttheschoolwhereMrs.Thompsontaught,shewasrequiredtorevieweachchild’spastrecordsandshereadTeddy’sfirst._________________________________________________________()Teddychangedgreatlyinthethirdyear.

()Teddy’sChristmaspresentwasabeautifulrhinestonebraceletandafullbottleofperfume.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.4.5.FMrs.ThompsonputTeddy'soffuntillast.FTeddy'sChristmaspresentwasarhinestonebraceletwithsomeofthestonesmissing,andabottlethatwasone-quarterfullofperfume.TCriticalThinkingDiscussthefollowingquestionsingroups,andthenshareyouropinionswithyourclassmates.WhydidMrs.Thompsonquitteachingreading,writing,andarithmetictoteachchildrenhowtobeaman?WhydidMrs.ThompsonsaytoTeddy,“YouweretheonewhotaughtmethatIcouldmakeadifference”?1.2.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Becausesherealizedhermistakeafterreadingthecommentsmadebyotherteachersanddiscoveredthatasmallthingdonebytheteachercouldbeagreatencouragementforachild.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________BecauseshelearnedtheimportanceofteachingchildrenhowtobeamanjustfromTeddy.TextBPre-readingThoughtLead-inQuestionsTextBTranslationLanguagePointsNewWordsandExpressionsNotesTextStructureRecitationVocabularyTextBIfthepastcannotteachthepresentandthefathercannotteachtheson,thenhistoryneednothavebotheredtogoon,andtheworldhaswastedagreatdealoftime.——RussellHobanPre-readingThoughtTextBDoyouagreewiththesayingthatoneisnevertoooldtolearn?Whichwaydoyouthinkisbetter,learningfromteachersorlearningbyyourself?Lead-inQuestions1.2.TextBOnTeachersHanYu1

Sinceancienttimes,tolearnallmenmusthaveteachers,whopassonthetruthanddispelignorance.Asmenarenotbornwise,whocanbefreefromignorance?Butignorantmendonotfindteachers,theyremainignorantforever.Someteachersmaybebornbeforemeandhavelearnedthetruthbeforeme;Ishouldthereforelearnfromthem.Somemayhavebeenbornafterme,butlearnedthetruthbeforeme;Ishouldalsolearnfromthem.AsIseekthetruth,Ineednotworrywhethermyteacherismyseniororjunior.Whetherheisnobleorcommon,olderoryounger,whoeverknowsthetruthcanbeateacher.1TextBAlas,sincemenhavelongceasedlearningfromteachersitishardnottobeignorant.Theoldsageswerefarsuperiortocommonmen,yettheysoughtthetruthfromteachers.Mostmenoftodayarefarbelowthosesages,yettheythinkitshamefultolearn.Thatiswhysagesbecomemoresage,whilefoolsmorefoolish.Nodoubtthisiswhatmakessomesagesandothersfools.Amanwholoveshissonchoosesateacherforhimbutisashamedtofindoneforhimself.Thisisentirelywrong.Allachild’steachercandoistogivehimabookandtotellhimhowtoreaditsentencebysentence.ThisisnottheteacherIhaveinmindwhocanpassonthetruthanddispelignorance.Ifwewanttolearntoreadbutnottodispelignorance,wearelearningthelesserandgivingupthegreater,whichishardlyintelligent.23TextBPhysicians,musiciansandartisansarenotashamedtolearnfromeachother.Butifoneoftheliteraticallsanothermanhisteacherandhimselfpupil,peoplewillflocktolaughathim.Ifyouaskwhy,theywillreplythatthemenareroughlyequalinageandunderstanding.Ifonehasalowsocialstatus,itishumiliating;ifoneisahighofficial,itlookslikeflattery.Clearly,tolearnfromateacherisold-fashioned.Physicians,musiciansandartisansaredespisedbygentlemen,yettheyseemtobemoreintelligent.Isthisnotstrange?(369words,Translatedby楊憲益、戴乃迭)4師說唐代/韓愈古之學(xué)者必有師。師者，所以傳道授業(yè)解惑也。人非生而知之者，孰能無惑？惑而不從師，其為惑也，終不解矣。生乎吾前，其聞道也固先乎吾，吾從而師之；生乎吾后，其聞道也亦先乎吾，吾從而師之。吾師道也，夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎？是故無貴無賤，無長無少，道之所存，師之所存也。

嗟乎！師道之不傳也久矣！欲人之無惑也難矣！古之圣人，其出人也遠(yuǎn)矣，猶且從師而問焉；今之眾人，其下圣人也亦遠(yuǎn)矣，而恥學(xué)于師。是故圣益圣，愚益愚。圣人之所以為圣，愚人之所以為愚，其皆出于此乎？愛其子，擇師而教之；于其身也，則恥師焉，惑矣。彼童子之師，授之書而習(xí)其句讀者，非吾所謂傳其道解其惑者也。句讀之不知，惑之不解，或師焉，或不焉，小學(xué)而大遺，吾未見其明也。巫醫(yī)樂師百工之人，不恥相師。士大夫之族，曰師曰弟子云者，則群聚而笑之。問之，則曰：“彼與彼年相若也，道相似也。位卑則足羞，官盛則近諛?！眴韬簦煹乐粡?fù)可知矣。巫醫(yī)樂師百工之人，君子不齒，今其智乃反不能及，其可怪也歟！TextB-Translation【譯為白話文】古代求學(xué)的人一定有老師。老師是傳授道理、教授學(xué)業(yè)、解答疑難問題的人。人不是生下來就懂得道理的，誰能沒有疑惑？（有了）疑惑，如果不跟從老師（學(xué)習(xí)），那些成為疑難問題的，就最終不能理解了。生在我前面的，他懂得道理本來就早于我，我（應(yīng)該）跟從（他）把他當(dāng)作老師；生在我后面的，（如果）他懂得的道理也早于我，我（也應(yīng)該）跟從（他）把他當(dāng)作老師。我（是向他）學(xué)習(xí)道理啊，哪管他的生年比我早還是比我晚呢？因此，無論地位高低貴賤，無論年紀(jì)大小，道理存在的地方，就是老師存在的地方。唉，（古代）從師（學(xué)習(xí)）的風(fēng)尚不流傳已經(jīng)很久了，想要人沒有疑惑難啊!古代的圣人，他們超出一般人很遠(yuǎn)，尚且跟從老師而請教；現(xiàn)在的一般人，他們（的才智）低于圣人很遠(yuǎn)，卻以向老師學(xué)習(xí)為恥。因此圣人就更加圣明，愚人就更加愚昧。圣人之所以能成為圣人，愚人之所以能成為愚人，大概都是因?yàn)檫@個原因吧？（人們）愛他們的孩子，就選擇老師來教他，（但是）對于他自己呢，卻以跟從老師（學(xué)習(xí)）為可恥，真是糊涂啊!那些孩子們的老師，是教他們讀書，（幫助他們）學(xué)習(xí)斷句的，不是我所說的能傳授那些道理，解答那些疑難問題的。（一方面）不通曉句讀，（另一方面）不能解決疑惑，有的（句讀）向老師學(xué)習(xí)，有TextB-Translation的（疑惑）卻不向老師學(xué)習(xí)；小的方面倒要學(xué)習(xí)，大的方面反而放棄（不學(xué)），我沒看出那種人是明智的。巫醫(yī)樂師和各種工匠這些人，不以互相學(xué)習(xí)為恥。士大夫這類人，（聽到）稱“老師”稱“弟子”的，就成群聚在一起譏笑人家。問他們（為什么譏笑），就說：“他和他年齡差不多，道德學(xué)問也差不多，（以）地位低（的人為師），就覺得羞恥，（以）官職高（的人為師），就近乎諂媚了?！卑?（古代那種）跟從老師學(xué)習(xí)的風(fēng)尚不能恢復(fù)，（從這些話里就）可以明白了。巫醫(yī)樂師和各種工匠這些人，君子們不屑一提，現(xiàn)在他們的見識竟反而趕不上（這些人），真是令人奇怪啊!TextB-TranslationSinceancienttimes,tolearnallmenmusthaveteachers,whopassonthetruthanddispelignorance.(Para.1)Paraphrase:Fromancienttimestothepresent,everyonewhowantstolearnmusthaveateacherwhosemissionistopreach,teachandclearupconfusion.1.【譯文】古之學(xué)者必有師。師者，所以傳道授業(yè)解惑也。（古代求學(xué)的人

一定有老師。老師是傳授道理、教授學(xué)業(yè)、解答疑難問題的人。）(1)passon:pass;give傳遞；傳給e.g.Theoldmanpassedonmuchofhisfortunetohisdaughter.(2)dispel:vt.eliminate消除；驅(qū)散e.g.Thesundispelledthedensefog.cease(Para.2):v.stop停止；結(jié)束2.e.g.Heneverceasestoamazeme.superiorto(Para.2):higherinrank,status,orquality較高的；上級的，高級的3.e.g.Itissuperiortoeveryothercarontheroad.beashamedto(Para.3):reluctanttodosth.throughfearofembarrassmentorhumiliation因怕難堪或丟臉而不愿意4.e.g.I'mashamedtosayIfollowedhimhome.havesomeone/somethinginmind(Para.3):thinkof想要，打算5.e.g.Ihaditinmindtoaskyoutoworkforme....peoplewillflocktolaughathim(Para.4)Paraphrase:peoplewillgotogethertoteasehim.6.【譯文】

(士大夫之族)則群聚而笑之。（士大夫這類人就成群聚在一起譏笑人家。）ancient/?e?n??nt/adj.◎3starsAncientmeansbelongingtothedistantpast.古代的dispel/d??spel/v.◎1starTodispelanideaorfeelingthatpeoplehavemeanstostopthemhavingit.消除（想法或感覺）ignorance/??gn?r?ns/n.◎2starsIgnoranceofsomethingislackofknowledgeaboutit.無知ignorant/??gn?r?nt/adj.◎1starIfyoudescribesomeoneasignorant,youmeanthattheydonotknowthingstheyshouldknow.Ifsomeoneisignorantofafact,theydonotknowit.無知的alas/??l?s/int.Youusealastosaythatyouthinkthatthefactsyouaretalkingaboutaresadorunfortunate.（表示悲痛、遺憾）唉呀；嗚呼哀哉cease/si?s/v.◎3starsIfyouceasesomething,youstopithappeningorworking.停止sage/se?d?/n.1staramanreveredforhisprofoundwisdom智者；圣人artisan/?ɑ?t??z?n/n.1starAnartisanissomeonewhosejobrequiresskillwiththeirhands.手藝人literati/?l?t??rɑ?ti/n.(literatus的復(fù)數(shù))Literatiarewell-educatedpeoplewhoareinterestedinliterature.文學(xué)人士flock/fl?k/v.◎2starsIfpeopleflocktoaparticularplaceorevent,averylargenumberofthemgothere,usuallybecauseitispleasantorinteresting.云集于status/ste?t?s/n.◎

4starsYourstatusisyoursocialorprofessionalposition.社會地位;職業(yè)地位humiliating/hju??m?li?e?t??/adj.◎1starIfsomethingishumiliating,itembarrassesyouandmakesyoufeelashamedandstupid.使蒙受恥辱的flattery/?fl?t?ri/n.◎Flatteryconsistsofflatteringwordsorbehaviour.奉承old-fashioned/'??ld'f???nd/adj.◎2starsSomethingsuchasastyle,method,ordevicethatisoldfashionedisnolongerused,done,oradmiredbymostpeople,becauseithasbeenreplacedbysomethingthatismoremodern.舊式的;過時的passon傳遞；傳給besuperiorto優(yōu)于；勝過beashamedto以……為恥have...inmind想要，打算HanYu(韓愈)wasafamouslitterateurinTangDynasty.ThisessaywaswrittenbyHanYuforhisstudentLiPan,who,agedseventeen,wasfondofancientclassicalwritingsandhadstudiedallthesixartsandtheircommentaries.1.TextStructurePartsParagraphsMainIdeasI1Teachersshouldpassonthetruthanddispelignoranceandwhoeverknowsthetruthcanbeateacher,nomatterheisnobleorcommon,oldoryoung.II2～4Everyoneshouldlearnfromteachers.Para.2:Sincemenhavelongceasedlearningfromteachers，itishardnottobeignorant.TextStructurePartsParagraphsMainIdeasII2～4Everyoneshouldlearnfromteachers.Para.3:It'sentirelywrongforpeoplenottolearnfromteachersandteacherswhojusttaughtchildrenhowtoreadabooksentencebysentencearenotgenuineteachers.Para.4:It'swrongfortheliteratinottolearnfromteachers.VocabularyFindthecorrespondingwordsorphrasesinthetextaccordingtothedefinitiongivenbelow.tomakesomethinggoaway,especiallyabelief,idea,orfeeling(Para.1)______notknowingfactsorinformationthatyououghttoknow