國際象棋開局庫(學(xué)習(xí)資料)

PAGEPAGE7國際象棋開局庫（內(nèi)部資料，請勿外傳）俗話說：“良好的開端是成功的一半。”——開局的重要性不言而喻。本開局庫分為正變和陷阱變例兩類，每位小棋手都應(yīng)該非常熟悉。對于劣著（帶“？”的著法），己方應(yīng)該盡可能避免，而一旦對方走出劣著，則要很敏銳地抓住對方的失誤，引導(dǎo)棋局走向勝利。開局庫應(yīng)該是發(fā)展的，要學(xué)會理解與掌握，調(diào)整與變化，積累與建構(gòu)。如果你執(zhí)先走王兵，你必須了解七種開局體系：對王兵體系（包括蘇格蘭開局、意大利體系、西班牙開局和俄羅斯防御）、西西里防御、法蘭西防御、卡羅康防御、斯堪的納維亞防御、比爾茨防御、阿廖欣防御。對于常見的對王兵體系、法蘭西防御、卡羅康防御和西西里防御，更要深入研究幾種變例。如果你執(zhí)先走后兵，你必須主要掌握兩大系列的開局體系：對后兵與王翼馬。前者主要包括斯拉夫防御、接受后翼棄兵、劍橋防御、正統(tǒng)防御等，后者主要包括古印度防御、新印度防御、尼姆佐維奇防御、格林菲爾德防御、別諾尼防御、卡塔龍開局等。此外，還要了解一下荷蘭防御。執(zhí)先的優(yōu)勢在于你擁有先行之利，而執(zhí)黑的好處則在于你更有可能控制開局的體系。如果你執(zhí)黑，則要考慮對付王兵主要走什么，對付后兵主要走什么，確定后要深入研究。請選擇你可能用到的所有開局，用心研究，保證自己在開局階段不會吃虧。每天都下棋、做殺法、做戰(zhàn)術(shù)、做殘局、打開局棋譜，則你的棋藝一定會突飛猛進(jìn)！！下棋是“慢的藝術(shù)”?。。ㄩ_局結(jié)束以后）蘇格蘭開局(1)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.d4exd44.Nxd4Bc55.Nxc6Qf66.Qd2dxc67.Bd3Be68.0–00–0–0（正變之爭奪中心變例一）(2)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.d4exd44.Nxd4Bc55.Be3Qf66.c3Nge77.Bc4Ne58.Be2Qg69.0–0d510.exd5Bh311.Bf30–0–0（正變之爭奪中心變例二）(3)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.d4exd44.Nxd4Nf65.Nxc6bxc66.Bd3d57.exd5cxd58.0–0Be79.Nc30–010.Bg5d411.Nb5（正變之米塞斯變例一）(4)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.d4exd44.Nxd4Qh45.Nb5Qxe4+6.Be2Kd87.0–0a68.Nd2Qe89.Nc3（正變之斯坦尼茨變例一）(5)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.d4exd44.Nxd4Qh45.Nb5Qxe4+6.Be2Qxg2？7.Bf3Qh38.Nxc7+Kd89.Nxa8b610.Nc3Bb7（陷阱之斯坦尼茨變例一）(6)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.d4exd44.Nxd4Qh45.Nb5Qxe4+6.Be2Bd6？7.Qxd6cxd68.Nxd6+Ke79.Nxe4（陷阱之斯坦尼茨變例二）(7)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.d4exd44.Nxd4Qh45.Nb5Qxe4+6.Be2Bd6？7.Qxd6Qxe2+8.Kxe2cxd69.Nc7+Kd810.Nxa8（陷阱之斯坦尼茨變例三）(8)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.d4exd44.Nxd4Bc55.Be3Nf6？6.Nxc6bxc67.Bxc5Nxe48.Qe2d59.f3Ba610.Qe3Bxf111.Rxf1Qh4+12.g3Qxh213.fxe4（陷阱之爭奪中心變例一）(9)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.d4exd44.Nxd4Bc55.Be3Qf66.c3Nge77.Bc4Ne58.Be2Qg69.0–0Qxe4？10.Nb5Qc611.Bxc5Qxc512.Qd4Qxd413.cxd4N5c614.Nxc7+Kd815.Nxa8Nxd416.Nc3（陷阱之爭奪中心變例二）法蘭西防御(1)1.e4e62.d4d53.e5c54.c3Nc65.Nf3Qb66.Be2cxd47.cxd4Nge78.Na3Nf59.Nc2Be710.Rb10–011.0–0（正變之斯坦尼茨方案）(2)1.e4e62.d4d53.exd5exd54.Bd3Nc65.Ne2Bd66.c3Qh47.g3Qh58.Nf4Qxd1+9.Kxd1Bg4+10.Kc20–0–011.Re1Nf6（正變之兌換變例）(3)1.e4e62.d4d53.Nc3Bb44.e5c55.a3Bxc3+6.bxc3Ne77.Qg40–08.Bd3Nbc69.Qh5Ng610.Nh3Qa511.Bd2c412.Be2Rb813.Ng5h6（正變之尼姆佐維奇方案一）(4)1.e4e62.d4d53.Nc3Bb44.e5c55.a3Bxc3+6.bxc3Ne77.a4Nbc68.Nf3Qa59.Bd2c410.g3Bd711.Bg2Nd812.0–0Bxa413.Ra30–014.Qa1b5（正變之尼姆佐維奇方案二）(5)1.e4e62.d4d53.Nd2c54.exd5exd55.Ngf3Nf66.Bb5+Bd77.Bxd7+Nbxd78.0–0Be79.dxc5Nxc510.Nb3Nce411.Nfd40–012.Nf5Re8（正變之塔拉什方案）(6)1.e4e62.d4d53.e5c54.c3Nc65.Nf3Qb66.Bd3cxd47.cxd4Nxd4？8.Nxd4Qxd4？？9.Bb5+Bd710.Bxd7+Kxd711.Qxd4（陷阱之斯坦尼茨方案）卡羅康防御(1)1.e4c62.d4d53.Nc3dxe44.Nxe4Bf55.Ng3Bg66.h4h67.h5Bh78.Nf3Nd79.Bd3Bxd310.Qxd3Qc711.Bd2e612.0–0–00–0–013.Ne4Ngf614.g3Nxe415.Qxe4Nf6（正變之堅持中心變例）(2)1.e4c62.d4d53.e5Bf54.Nf3e65.Be2c56.0–0Nc67.c3cxd48.cxd4Nge79.Nc3Ng610.h3Nh411.Nxh4Qxh4(3)1.e4c62.d4d53.exd5cxd54.c4Nf65.Nc3e66.Nf3Bb47.cxd5Nxd58.Bd2Nc69.Bb50–010.0–0（正變之兌換變例）西西里防御(1)主變：1.e4c52.Nf3…（略）。主要有納道爾夫變例、現(xiàn)代續(xù)著變例、古典續(xù)著變例（保爾遜變例）、什維寧根變例、龍式防御等。(2)1.e4c52.c3d53.exd5Qxd54.d4Nf65.Nf3e66.Be2Be77.0–00–08.Be3Ng49.Bf4Nc610.h3Nf611.Be3Rd812.Qc2cxd413.cxd4（正變之阿拉平變例）(3)1.e4c52.Nc3Nc63.g3g64.Bg2Bg75.d3d66.Nge2e67.Be3Nd48.0–0Ne79.f4Rb810.Rb1Nec611.a3Qa512.Bd2Qc7（正變之封閉式變例）意大利開局(1)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.Bc4Bc54.c3Nf65.d4exd46.cxd4Bb4+7.Bd2Bxd2+8.Nbxd2d59.exd5Nxd510.Qb3Nce711.0–00–012.Rfe1c613.a4Qb6（正變之兌象變例）(2)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.Bc4Bc54.c3Nf65.d4exd46.cxd4Bb4+7.Nc3Nxe48.0–0Bxc39.d5Bf610.Re1Ne711.Rxe4d612.Bg5Bxg513.Nxg50–014.Nxh7Bf515.Rh4（正變之棄兵變例）(3)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.Bc4Bc54.c3Nf65.d4exd46.cxd4Bb4+7.Nc3Nxe48.0–0Nxc39.bxc3Bxc310.Qb3Bxa111.Bxf7+Kf812.Bg5Ne713.Ne5Bxd414.Bg6d515.Qf3+Bf516.Bxf5Bxe517.Be6+Bf618.Bxf6Ke819.Bxg7Qd620.Qf7+Kd821.Bxh8（陷阱之一）(4)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.Bc4Bc54.c3Nf65.d4exd46.cxd4Bb4+7.Bd2Bxd2+8.Nbxd2d59.exd5Nxd510.Qb3Nce711.0–00–012.Rfe1Re8？13.Bxd5（陷阱之二）雙馬防御(1)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.Bc4Nf64.Ng5d55.exd5Na56.Bb5+c67.dxc6bxc68.Be2h69.Nf3e410.Ne5Bd611.d4exd312.Nxd3Qc713.h30–014.0–0Rb8（正變之馬象聯(lián)攻法）(2)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.Bc4Nf64.d4exd45.e5d56.Bb5Ne47.Nxd4Bd78.Bxc6bxc69.0–0Bc510.Be30–011.f3Ng5（正變之打開中心法一）(3)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.Bc4Nf64.d4exd45.0–0Nxe46.Re1d57.Bxd5Qxd58.Nc3Qa59.Nxe4Be610.Neg50–0–011.Nxe6fxe612.Rxe6Bd6（正變之打開中心法二）(4)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.Bc4Nf64.Ng5d55.exd5Nxd5？6.Nxf7Kxf77.Qf3+Ke68.Nc3Ncb49.Bb3c610.a3Na611.0–0（陷阱之一）(5)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.Bc4Nf64.Ng5d55.exd5Na56.Bb5+c67.dxc6bxc68.Ba4？h69.Nf3e410.Ne5？？Qd4（陷阱之二）西班牙開局(1)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.Bb5a64.Bxc6dxc65.0–0Bg46.h3h57.d3Qf68.Nbd2Bd69.Re1Be6（正變之兌換變例）(2)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.Bb5a64.Ba4d65.c3Bd76.d4Nf67.0–0Be78.Nbd20–09.Re1b510.Bc2Re8（正變之改進(jìn)的斯坦尼茨防御）(3)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.Bb5a64.Bxc6dxc65.0–0Bg46.h3h57.hxg4？hxg48.Nxe5？Qh49.f3g310.Re1Qh1#（陷阱之一）(4)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.Bb5a64.Bxc6dxc65.0–0Bg46.h3h57.d3Qf68.Nbd20–0–0？9.hxg4hxg410.Nh2Qh411.Qxg4+（陷阱之二）(5)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.Bb5a64.Bxc6dxc65.0–0Bg46.h3h57.d3Qf68.Nbd2Bc59.Re10–0–010.hxg4？hxg411.Nh2Qxf2+12.Kh1Rxh2+13.Kxh2Qh4#（陷阱之三）(6)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.Bb5a64.Ba4d65.d4b56.Bb3Nxd47.Nxd4exd48.Qxd4？c59.Qd5Be610.Qc6+Bd711.Qd5c4（陷阱之四）俄羅斯防御(1)1.e4e52.Nf3Nf63.d4Nxe44.Bd3d55.Nxe5Nd76.Nf3Ndf67.0–0Be78.c4c69.Nc30–010.Re1Bf511.Ne5Nxc312.bxc3Bxd313.Qxd3dxc414.Qxc4Qd515.Rb1Rab8（正變之一）(2)1.e4e52.Nf3Nf63.d4exd44.e5Ne45.Qxd4d56.exd6Nxd67.Bd3Nc68.Qf4g69.Nc3Bg710.Be30–011.0–0–0Be612.h4（正變之二）(3)1.e4e52.Nf3Nf63.Nxe5d64.Nf3Nxe45.Qe2Qe76.d3Nf67.Bg5Qxe2+8.Bxe2Be79.Nc3c610.0–0–0Na611.Rhe1Nc712.Bf1Ne613.Bh4h614.Ne4Nh515.Bxe7Kxe716.d4d517.Nc5Kd618.Nd3Nf619.c3（正變之三）(4)1.e4e52.Nf3Nf63.Nxe5d64.Nf3Nxe45.d4d56.Bd3Be77.0–0Nc68.c4Nb49.Be20–010.Nc3Be611.cxd5Nxc312.bxc3Nxd513.Bd2（正變之四）斯堪的納維亞防御(1)1.e4d52.exd5Qxd53.Nc3Qa54.d4Nf65.Nf3Bg46.h3Bh57.g4Bg68.Ne5e69.Bg2c610.Qe2Bb411.0–0Bxc312.Nc4Qb413.bxc3Qxc314.Bd2Qxd415.Rfd10–0（正變一）比爾茨防御(1)1.e4d62.d4Nf63.Nc3g64.f4Bg75.Nf30–06.Bd3Nc67.e5dxe58.fxe5Nh59.Be3Bg410.Be2f611.exf6exf612.0–0（正變一）阿廖欣防御(1)1.e4Nf62.e5Nd53.d4d64.Nf3Bg45.Be2Nc66.0–0e67.c4Nb68.exd6cxd69.Nc3Be710.d5Na511.Qd4Bxf312.Bxf3e513.Qg40–0（正變一）斯拉夫防御(1)1.d4d52.c4c63.cxd5cxd54.Nf3Nf65.Nc3Nc66.Bf4e67.e3Be78.Bd30–09.h3Bd710.0–0Qb611.Qe2Rfc8（正變之兌換變例）(2)1.d4d52.c4c63.Nf3Nf64.Nc3dxc45.a4Bf56.e3e67.Bxc4Bb48.0–00–09.Qe2Nbd710.e4Bg611.Bd3Bh512.e5Nd5（正變之阿廖欣方案一）(3)1.d4d52.c4c63.Nf3Nf64.Nc3dxc45.a4Bf56.Ne5e67.f3Bb48.e4Bxe49.fxe4Nxe410.Bd2Qxd411.Nxe4Qxe4+12.Qe2Bxd2+13.Kxd2Qd5+14.Kc2Na615.Nxc40–0（正變之阿廖欣方案二）(3)1.d4d52.c4c63.Nf3Nf64.Nc3dxc45.e4b56.e5Nd57.a4e68.axb5Nxc39.bxc3cxb510.Ng5Bb711.Qh5g612.Qg4Be713.Be2Nd714.Bf3Bxf315.Qxf30–0（正變之棄兵變例）(4)1.d4d52.c4c63.Nf3Nf64.Nc3e65.Bg5dxc46.e4b57.e5h68.Bh4g59.Nxg5hxg510.Bxg5Nbd711.g3Bb712.Bg2Qb613.exf60–0–014.0–0c515.d5b416.Na4Qb5（正變之鮑特維尼克變例）(5)1.d4d52.c4c63.Nf3Nf64.Nc3e65.e3Nbd76.Bd3dxc47.Bxc4b58.Bd3a69.e4c510.e5cxd411.Nxb5axb512.exf6Qb613.fxg7Bxg714.0–0Bb715.Re10–016.Bf4Rfc8（正變之米蘭體系一）(6)1.d4d52.c4c63.Nf3Nf64.Nc3e65.e3Nbd76.Bd3dxc47.Bxc4b58.Bd3Bb79.0–0b410.Ne4Be711.Nxf6+Nxf612.e40–013.e5Nd714.Be4f5（正變之米蘭體系二）(7)1.d4d52.c4c63.Nf3Nf64.Nc3dxc45.a4Bf56.Ne5e67.f3Bb48.e4Bxe49.fxe4Nxe410.Qf3？Qxd411.Qxf7+Kd812.Qxg7？？Bxc3+13.bxc3Qf2+14.Kd1Nxc3#（陷阱之阿廖欣方案）劍橋防御(1)1.d4d52.c4e63.Nc3Nf64.Bg5Nbd75.Nf3c66.e3Qa57.Nd2Bb48.Qc2dxc49.Bxf6Nxf610.Nxc4Qc711.a3Be712.g30–013.Bg2Bd714.0–0c5（正變之一）(2)1.d4d52.c4e63.Nc3Nf64.Bg5Nbd75.Nf3c66.e3Qa57.cxd5Nxd58.Qd2Bb49.Rc10–010.a3Bxc311.bxc3Qxa312.e4N5b613.Bd3h614.Bh4c515.0–0c416.Ra1Qd617.Bc2a5（正變之二）(3)1.d4d52.c4e63.Nc3Nf64.Bg5Nbd75.cxd5exd56.Nxd5？Nxd57.Bxd8Bb4+8.Qd2Bxd2+9.Kxd2Kxd8（陷阱之一）接受后翼棄兵(1)1.d4d52.c4dxc43.Nf3Nf64.e3e65.Bxc4c56.0–0a67.Qe2b58.Bb3Bb79.Rd1Nbd710.Nc3Qb811.e4cxd412.Nxd4Bd613.g30–014.f4(正變一)(2)1.d4d52.c4dxc43.Nf3c64.e3b55.a4Qb66.axb5cxb57.b3cxb38.Qxb3b49.Qd5！Bb710.Bb5+Bc611.Ne5e612.Qf3??！f613.Bxc6+Nxc614.Qh5+g615.Nxg6（陷阱一）(3)1.d4d52.c4dxc43.Nf3a64.e3b55.a4Bb76.axb5axb57.Rxa8Bxa88.b3e69.bxc4bxc410.Ne5c5？？11.Qa4+Bc612.Nxc6Qd713.Qa8！（陷阱二）(4)1.d4d52.c4dxc43.Nf3b54.a4c65.axb5cxb56.e3e67.Ne5f6？8.Qh5+g69.Nxg6（陷阱三）古印度防御(1)主要變化（略）。（包括四兵攻擊、吉米士攻擊、古典體系、南斯拉夫變例等）(2)1.d4Nf62.c4g63.Nc3Bg74.e4d65.Nf30–06.Bg5c57.d5Qb68.Qb3Qxb39.axb3Na610.Be2Nb411.0–0h612.Bd2Nc2（正變之阿維爾巴赫變例）(3)1.d4Nf62.c4g63.Nc3Bg74.e4d65.Nf30–06.Bg5e5？7.dxe5dxe58.Qxd8Rxd89.Nd5Nbd710.Rd1Rf811.Nxc7Rb812.Nd5Nxd513.cxd5（陷阱之阿維爾巴赫變例）新印度防御(1)1.d4Nf62.c4e63.Nf3b64.g3Bb75.Bg2Be76.0–00–07.Nc3Ne48.Qc2Nxc39.Qxc3c510.Rd1d611.b3Bf612.Bb2（正變一）(2)1.d4Nf62.c4e63.Nf3b64.g3Ba65.b3Bb4+6.Bd2Be77.Bg2c68.Bc3d59.Ne5Nfd710.Nxd7Nxd711.0–00–012.Nd2Rc813.e4c514.exd5exd515.dxc5dxc416.c6cxb317.Re1b218.Bxb2Nc5（正變二）尼姆佐維奇防御(1)1.d4Nf62.c4e63.Nc3Bb44.Qc2d55.a3Bxc3+6.Qxc3Ne47.Qc2c58.dxc5Nc69.e3Qa5+10.Bd2Nxd211.Qxd2dxc412.Bxc4Qxc513.Rc1Qg514.f4Qh4+15.Qf2Qxf2+16.Kxf2Ke717.Nf3Bd7（正變之古典變例一）(2)1.d4Nf62.c4e63.Nc3Bb44.Qc2c55.dxc50–06.a3Bxc57.Nf3Nc68.b4Be79.e3b610.Bb2Bb711.Bd3Rc812.0–0h613.Rfd1（正變之古典變例二）格林菲爾德防御(1)1.d4Nf62.c4g63.Nc3d54.cxd5Nxd55.e4Nxc36.bxc3Bg77.Bc4c58.Ne2cxd49.cxd4Nc610.Be30–011.0–0Bg412.f3Na513.Bd3Be614.Rc1Bxa215.Qa4Bb316.Qb4b617.Bg5f618.Bf4e519.Be3exd420.Nxd4Bf721.Bb5