新編大學(xué)英語第三冊第三版第一單元課文翻譯及課后練習(xí)答案

新編大學(xué)英語第三冊第三版第一單元課文翻譯及課后練習(xí)答案LTUnit1PersonalityIn-ClassReading羞怯的痛苦1對許多人來說，羞怯是很多不愉快的起因。各、聰明的、種各樣的人——矮的、高的、愚笨的年輕的、年老的、瘦的、胖的——都說自己是羞怯的。羞怯的人會焦慮不安，感到不自然；也就是說，他們過分地關(guān)注自己的外表和舉止。腦海中不斷盤旋著一些使自己不安的想法：我給人留下的是什么印象？他們喜歡我嗎？我講話是不是傻里傻氣？我長得難看。我穿的衣服毫不引人注目。2很顯然這種不安的感覺會對人產(chǎn)生不利的影響。一個人的自我看法反映在自己的行為方式之中，而一個人的行為方式又影響他人的反應(yīng)。通常，人們?nèi)绾慰创约簩λ麄兩畹母鱾€方面都會產(chǎn)生深刻的影響。例如，具有積極的自我價(jià)值觀或很強(qiáng)自尊心的人往往表現(xiàn)出自信。而由于自信，他們不需要他人不斷地稱贊和鼓勵，也能使自己感覺良好。自信者熱情、自發(fā)地投入生活。他們不因別人認(rèn)為他們“該”做什么而受到影響。有很強(qiáng)自尊心的人不會被批評所傷害；他們2不會把批評看作是人身攻擊。相反，他們認(rèn)為批評是一種提醒他們改進(jìn)的建議。3相比之下，羞怯的人自尊心較弱，往往消極被動并且容易受他人影響。他們（是否）在做“該做的事情”需要得到別人的評非常敏感；他們覺得批評正好證實(shí)了他們比別人差。他們贊美而高興，因?yàn)樗麄兿嘈抛约翰恢档梅Q贊。羞怯的人也許會用這樣的話來回答別人的肯定。害羞的人對批也很難因別人的贊美之辭：“你這么說只是為了讓我感覺好一些。我知道這不是真的。”顯然，盡管自我意識是一種健康的品質(zhì)，過分的自我意識卻是不利和有害的。4能否徹底消除或者至少減輕羞怯感呢？幸運(yùn)的是，人們能夠通過堅(jiān)持不懈的努力建立自信從而克服羞怯。由于膽怯和缺少自尊是密切相關(guān)的，因此正視自己的弱點(diǎn)和正視自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn)一樣重要。例如，大多數(shù)人希望每門功課都得A。5如果僅僅因?yàn)樵谀承╊I(lǐng)域有困難，就把自己列為差生，這不恰如其分。人們對自己的期望必須現(xiàn)實(shí)。老是想那些不可能的事情會令自己覺得無能，甚至產(chǎn)生嫉妒。當(dāng)我們嫉妒比自己成績好的345是獨(dú)一無二、難能可貴的個體。我們自有吸引人的地方。我們對自己了解得越多，就越容易充分發(fā)揮自己的潛力。不要讓羞怯成為阻礙我們擁有豐富和成功生活的絆腳石。課內(nèi)閱讀練習(xí)答案PartOnePreparation1.SayingThingsSincerelyorSarcasticallySTEPONE1C(Sincerely)2A(Sarcastically)3D(Sincerely)4B(Sincerely)STEPTWOSamplePicture1ItismatchedwithLineC,becauseitcanbeseenfromthepicturethatthemanissplashingsomedirtyrainwaterontothelady’sdress.LineCissincerebecausethemaninthepictureismakinganapologytothelady.W:Oh,Mygoodness!Whathaveyoudonetomynewdress?M:Ah,I’mawfullysorry.Ididn’tmeantomake6suchabeautifulladyangry.Ishouldhavebeenmorecareful!W:Angry?No,I’mnotangry.IcanjustputitinthewashingmachinewhenIgethome.Picture2ItismatchedwithLineA,becausethemoonisintheskyandthemanpointingathiswatchtellsusitisverylateatnight.LineAissarcastic,forthemaninthepictureisobviouslyangrywiththelady.W:I’mback,honey.M:Er,finally!W:Youseemsoworried.Why?M:WhyshouldIbeworriedaboutyou?It’salreadypastmidnight.W:Don’tworry.Iwon’tgetlostsoeasily.I’mnotanunsophisticatedyounggirl.Picture3ItismatchedwithLineD,fortheboypushingthebikeisjustbackfromaride.LineDissincere,becausefromtheirdialogwecanseetheyaregoodfriendsandtheboymust7havehadtheowner’spermissiontousethebike.BoyA:Here’syourbike.It’ssokindofyoutoloanmeyournewbike.BoyB:You’rewelcome.Youcanuseitwheneveryouwant.Didyoufinditeasytoride?BoyA:Notreally.MaybeIneedsomemorepractice.Picture4ItismatchedwithLineB,becauseitcanbeseenfromthepicturethattheladyisaddressinganofficeboywhohashurthiswrist.LineBissincerelysaid,fortheboystillcomestoworkevenwithaninjuredhand.W:You’relatetowork.Youhadadoctor’sappointment,didn’tyou?M:I’msorryforbeinglate.Buthowdidyouknowthat?CommunicationProblemsW:Iguessit’sthedoctorwhobandagedupyourhand.Areyouallright?M:Today’smyunluckyday!Ihadmyhand8hurtandmycellphonebrokeninatrafficaccident.TeachingtipsInordertobesarcastic,Americansadjusttheirvocaltonebyspeakingflat,lengtheningtheirvowelsoundsandperhapscreatingafacialexpression.?Toneofvoice:Whencommunicating,thewaythewordsarespokenmaybemoreimportantthanwhatisactuallybeingsaid.Thetoneofvoicecanindicatewhetheraspeakerissincereorsarcastic,casualorimpassioned,seriousorhumorous,andconfidentoruncertain.Forinstance,sarcasmoccurswhenthespeakerpitchesastressedsyllablelowerthantheotherwordsinthesentence.Forexample,thepitchoftheword“great”insentence“Greatweather,huh?”changesdependingonwhetheryou’rebeingsincereorsarcastic.?Volumeandspeedofvoice:Aloudvoiceorspeakingquicklymaybeasignofexcitabilityorurgency.Sloworsoftspeechmayindicatea9relaxedattitudeoruncertainty.Toputemphasisonwhatisbeingsaid,speakersmayalsoeffectivelyslowtheirspeechorpause,andtheymayraiseorlowertheirvoices.?Facialexpressions:Smiles,frownsandotherfacialexpressionscanbeusedtoexpressourfeelings.Forexample,botheyebrowsliftedcanmeansurpriseorexcitement,whereasasingleliftedeyebrowmayindicatesarcasmordisbelief.2.English-ChineseTelephoneChainsHereareafewmessagesforyourreference.Youcanhaveyourownmessagesaswell.1.Johnis17yearsold,afreshmanmajoringinbusinessmanagement.2.Fortyboysand14girlshaveenteredtheEnglishSpeakingContest.3.ProfessorWangusedtoteachphysicaleducationatauniversityinAustria.4.Ican’tstandhimanylongerbecausehetendstolosehistempereasily.5.ItalkedtoanItaliangirlinmyclassabouthermathhomeworkonThursday.10TeachingtipsActivity:English-ChineseTelephoneChainsDuration:About15minutesAim:Practicelistening,pronunciation,andtranslationIntroduction:Thisactivitynotonlyentailslistening,pronunciationandtranslationskills,butalsoenablesstudentstobeawareofmisunderstandingsindailycommunication,suchasmessagedelivering.Preparation:Inthisactivity,the8-10studentsofeachgroupshouldbeseatedinalineorcircleforthemessagetopassfromonetoanotherwithoutbeingheardbyothersinthegroup.Andthemessagecanbechoseneitherbytheteacher(ormadeupbythefirststudentineachgroup).Rememberthattherestofthegroupshouldhavenoideaaboutthemessageinadvance.Procedure:Makesurethatstudentshaveaclearunderstandingofthegoalandrules.ThefirststudentofeachgroupwillgetanEnglishmessagefromtheteacher,translateitinto11ChineseandwhispertheChineseversiontothesecondstudent.ThesecondstudentissupposedtotranslateitbackintoEnglishandwhisperittothethirdstudent.Thiscontinuesdownthelineuntilthemessagegetstothelaststudent.Eachstudentcanonlysay“Canyoupleaserepeatthat?”onetime.Whenthemessagereachestheendofthechain,thestudentmustspeakoutloud.Inabiggroupyoucansendthemessagetwowaysandfindoutwhichteamcomesclosesttotheoriginalmessage.Oftentimesthemessagewillbecompletelydifferentwhenitreachestheend.Trytofindoutwherethechainbroke!Thepointofthisactivityisnotwinning;rather,itistoseeifthelaststudentcansaythemessagecorrectly.Theinterestingthingaboutthisactivityisthatusuallythelaststudentneversaysthemessagecorrectly.Itisalsofuntohearthemessageallscrambledup,whichnaturallyleadsthestudentsintocasesofmisunderstandingintheAfter-ClassReadingpassage.12Dependingonstudents’proficiencyinEnglish,thedifficultyofthisactivitycanbeadjusted.IftheteacheraimstofavorthedemandsofstudentswitharelativelylowlevelofEnglish,itisadvisabletomakeslightalterationsasfollows.Theclasswillbedividedintogroupsof8-10students.Thefirststudentofeachgroupwillbegivenamessagebytheteacher.Themessageshouldbewhisperedfromonepersontothenext.Thelastpersonshouldrepeatthemessagealoud.Thegroupthatgetsthemessagethroughwiththefewestchangeswins.3.EnjoyingaJokeSampleInthejoke,theproblemisthattheboyalwaystookwhatthemansaidliterally.Infact,whenthemanasked“Wheredoesthisroadgo?”,heexpectedthattheboywouldtellhimthattheroadwentorledtoacertainplace.Butinstead,theboydidn’tknowwhatthemanmeantorhemeanttoteasethemanandhisanswerseemed13irrelevant.Thesamethinghappenedwiththequestion“Howfarisittothenexttown?”.Therefore,thereadermaythinktheboyisstupid.Butsurprisingly,theboy’slastremarkwasveryclever:“IknowIdon’tknowmuch,andImaybeafool,butatleastI’mnotlost.”Thismadethemanseemstupid.PartTwoReading-CenteredActivitiesIn-ClassReadingPost-ReadingReadingComprehension1.UnderstandingtheOrganizationoftheText1)Introduction:(para.1)Shynessisthecauseofmuchunhappinessforagreatmanypeople.2)Reasonswhyshynesscanhaveanegativeeffect:(para.2—3)People’sself-concepthasaprofoundeffectonallareasoftheirlives.Peoplewithhighself-esteemusuallyact14withconfidence.Peoplewithlowself-esteemarelikelytobepassiveandeasilyinfluencedbyothers.3)Waysofovercomingshyness:(para.4—15)i)Recognizeyourpersonalstrengthsandweaknesses.ii)Setreasonablegoals.iii)Don’twastetimeandenergyondestructivefeelingssuchasguiltandshame.iv)Don’tbeafraidtospeakupandgiveyourpointofview.v)Donotmakenegativecommentsaboutyourself.vi)Acceptcriticismthoughtfully.vii)Profitfromfailuresanddisappointmentsbyviewingthemaslearningexperiences.viii)Donotassociatewithpeoplewhomakeyoufeelinadequate.ix)Setasidetimetorelax,enjoyhobbies,andreevaluateyourgoalsregularly.x)Practicebeinginsocialsituations.154)Conclusion:(para.16)Thebetterweunderstandourselves,theeasieritbecomestoliveuptoourfullpotential.2.UnderstandingSpecificInformation1)F2)T3)T4)T5)F6)T7)F8)F3.GroupDiscussion1)Ithinkthemosteffectivewaysofovercomingshynessarethefirstandseventhways.Recognizingourpersonalstrengthsandweaknessesisusefulbecauseifweknowourselvesbetter,wecanfeelmoreself-confident.Wecanbemoreobjective,insteadofbeingblind.Theseventhwayistoprofitfromfailuresanddisappointmentsaslearningexperiences.Ifweallowourselvestogetdiscouragedandsadwhenwefail,thenwewillfeelmoreunsureofourselves.Butifwethinkofafailureasalearningexperience,we16areadoptingapositiveattitude.Byanalyzingobjectivelywhywefailedandplanninghowtosetaboutdoingthingsdifferentlywewillbemorelikelytosucceednexttime.2)Modestyisusedtodescribeareservedappraisalofone’smerits,abilitiesorsuccess.Theoppositeofmodestyisarroganceorboastfulness.Modestpeopledon’twanttotalkabouttheirabilitiesorachievements.Modestpeopleknowtheirstrengthsandtheirworth,butchoosetodownplaytheirgreatnessandbehumble.Somodestyistheresultofconfidence.Shynessisusedtodescribetheuncomfortablefeelingonehasinthecompanyofothers.Itoftenimpliesalackofself-confidenceandatimid,reservedmanner.Modestyisagoodpersonalitytraitwhileshynessinmanycasesisundesirable.3)Beingshyisn’tnecessarilyabadthing.Itisappropriateandnormaltobeshyinsomecircumstances,forexample,inthepresenceofteachers,yourboss,yourparents’friendsor17yourprospectivein-laws;whenyouaredatingsomeone,especiallythefirsttime;whenyouarewithstrangers;whenyouareinanewenvironment;whenyou’refacingalargeaudience.Infact,itcanevenbehelpfultobealittleshy.Whenyou’reshyandkeepsilent,youmayspendalittletimeobservingthesurroundingsandpeoplearoundbeforejumpingrightintothenewsituation.Vocabulary1.“Self-”isaprefixwhichmeans“of,toorbyoneselforitself”.Wordswiththeprefix“self-”thatappearinthetext:self-conscious,self-concept,self-assurance,self-worth,self-confidence,self-esteem,self-destructive,self-awareness,self-acceptance,self-rejection,self-confident.1)self-conscious(worriedandembarrassedaboutwhatyoulooklikeorwhatotherpeoplethinkofyou)2)self-confidence(beliefinone’sownability,18power,judgment,etc.;confidenceinoneself)3)self-esteem(thefeelingthatyouaresomeonewhodeservestobeliked,respected,oradmired)4)self-destructive(withthoughtsoractionsthatarecountertoone’sownbestinterests)5)self-worth(thevalueyougivetoyourlifeandachievements)6)self-concept(one’sconceptionorgeneralideaofone’sownbasiccharacterandnature)7)self-awareness(realisticknowledgeandjudgmentaboutoneself)8)self-assurance/self-confidence(thebeliefthatyouareabletodealwithpeopleandproblemseasily)2.PartA1)G2)I3)A4)F5)C6)D7)J8)B9)E10)HPartB1)profound2)jealousy3)overcome4)eventually5)compliments6)diminish7)reassurance8)19detrimental9)isolated10)accented3.1)reflected2)concerned/worried3)profoundeffect/influence4)viewed/regarded5)sensitive6)respond/react7)eliminated8)overcomemyfear9)concentrateon10)madenocommentTranslation1.Shynesscanvaryfromfeelingmilddiscomforttohighlevelsofanxietythatimpactusinalmosteverythingwedo.2.Despitehisstubbornness,heknewinhisheartthatheshouldavoidarousinganysuspicions.3.Itwillbeinterpretedascriticismnomatterwhatyousay.4.Let’snotallowourselvestobeupsetbytrifles(which)weshoulddespiseandforget.5.Toomuchtimespentdwellingonthepastcangetinthewayofenjoyinglifeasithappens.6.Peoplewhobelievetheycanaccomplishgoals20andsolveproblemsaremorelikelytodowellinschool.FurtherDevelopment1.EnrichingYourWordPower1)B2)B3)A4)B5)C6)C7)C8)A9)A10)C2.WhatIsYourPersonality?STEPTWOThepersonalitytraitsarelistedbelow,fromlefttorightandfromtoptobottom.1)Introspective,SensitiveandReflectiveYouarelesssatisfiedwithyourselfandyourenvironmentthanaremostpeople.Youhatesuperficiality(表面文章，膚淺);you’dratherbealonethanhavetosufferthroughsmalltalk(寒暄，閑談).Butyourrelationshipswithyourfriendsareverystrong,whichgivesyoutheinnercalmnessandharmonythatyourequire.Youdonotmindbeingaloneforlongperiodsoftime;yourarelybecomebored.212)Independent,UnconventionalandFreeYoudemandafreeandunattachedlifeforyourselfthatallowsyoutodetermineyourowncourse.Youhaveanartisticbent(傾向，才能)inyourworkorleisureactivities.Yoururgeforfreedomsometimescausesyoutodoexactlytheoppositeofwhatisexpectedofyou.3)Dynamic,ActiveandExtrovertedYouarequitewillingtoacceptcertainrisksandtomakeastrongcommitmentinexchangeforinterestingandvariedwork.Routine,incontrast,tendstohaveaparalyzingeffectonyou.Whatyoulikemostistobeabletoplayanactiveroleinevents.Indoingso,yourinitiativeishighlyevident.(積極性)4)DowntoEarth,Well-BalancedandHarmoniousYouvalueanaturalstyleandlovethatwhichisuncomplicated.Peopleadmireyoubecauseyouhavebothfeetplantedfirmlyonthe22groundandtheycandependonyou.Yougivethosewhoareclosetoyousecurityandspace.Youareperceivedasbeingwarmandhuman.Yourejecteverythingthatisshowy(or)過分裝飾的trite(Youdon’tlikefashionableclothing.老一套的).Foryou,clothinghastobepracticalandpleasantlyelegant.5)Professional,PragmaticandSelf-AssuredYoutakechargeofyourlife,andplacelessfaithinyourluckandmoreinyourowndeeds.Yousolveproblemsinapractical,uncomplicatedmanner.Youtakearealisticviewofthethingsinyourdailylifeanddealwiththemwithouthesitation.Youaregivenagreatdealofresponsibilityatwork,becausepeopleknowthatyoucanbedependedupon.Yourremarkablestrengthofwillprojects(投射)yourself-assurancetoothers.Youareneverfullysatisfieduntilyouhaveaccomplishedyourideas.6)Peaceful,DiscreetndNon-Aggressive(謹(jǐn)慎的)aYouareeasy-goingyetdiscreet.Youmake23friendseffortlessly,yetenjoyyourprivacyandindependence.Youliketogetawayfromitallandbealonefromtimetotimetoreflectthemeaningoflifeandenjoyyourself.Youneedspace,soyouescapetobeautifulhideaways,butyouarenotaloner.Youareatpeacewithyourselfandtheworld,andyouappreciatelifeandwhatthisworldhastooffer.7)Carefree,PlayfulandCheerfulYouloveafreeandspontaneouslife.Andyouattempttoenjoyittothefullest,inaccordancewiththemotto:“Youonlyliveonce.”(座右銘)Youareverycuriousandopenabouteverythingnew;youthriveonange.(以……為樂)chNothingisworsethanwhenyoufeeltieddownYouarealwaysreadyforasurprise.(牽制，束縛).8)Romantic,DreamyandEmotionalYouareaverysensitiveperson.Yourefusetoviewthingsonlyfromasoberrational()(審慎的),理性的standpoint.Whatyourfeelingstellyouisjustasimportanttoyou.Infact,youfeelitisimportanttohavedreamsinlife,too.24Yourejectpeoplewhoscorn()romanticism蔑視andareguidedonlybyrationality().You理性refusetoletanythinglimittherichvarietyofyourmoodsandemotions.9)Analytical,TrustworthyandSelf-AssuredYouaresensitive.Youliketosurroundyourselfwithlittle“gems,”whichyoudiscoverwherevertheyareoverlookedbyothers.Thus,cultureplaysaspecialroleinyourlife.Youhavefoundyourownpersonalstyle,whichiselegantandexclusive,freefromtheinfluenceoffashion.Yourideal,uponwhichyoubaseyourlife,isculturedpleasure.Youvalueacertainlevelofcultureonthepartofthepeoplewithwhomyouassociate.STEPThreeSample:IchoseShape7,whichisveryappealingtome.Thepersonalitytraitsdescribedmatchmeexactly.IthinkIamcarefree,playfulandcheerful.Iloveafreeandspontaneouslife.Forexample,Ienjoymycollegelifeverymuch,25becauseIdon’twantmyparentstotellmewhattodoandwhatnottodo.Iwanttoleadmyownlife,tobemyownboss.Butthereisonethingwhichdoesn’tfitme;thatis,Iamnotverycurious.Forexample,Iamnotinterestedinknowingwhat’shappeningaroundme.Iamnotcrazyabouttryingnewfood.Iamnotcuriousabouttheaffairsofotherpeople.Iamabitself-centered.Ihopetobethecenterofattention.Iamalsoabitbossy,hopingthatotherswilldowhatItellthem.Iamalsoveryoutspoken,butIdonotgetannoyedifmysuggestionsarenotaccepted.3.PenPalTimeSampleDearHostorHostess,I’mafreshmanfromNortheastUniversity,majoringinElectricalEngineering.I’mwritinginthehopethatIcanmakesomenewfriends.Onthewhole,I’malively,activeandhelpfulgirl,whoenjoysstayingwithfriends.Ialso26haveasensitiveandemotionalsoul.Ivaluefriendshipmorethananythingelse.InmyfreetimeIenjoylisteningtomusic,suchasclassic,pop,orlightmusic.Myfavoritegroupis“BackStreetBoys”.MyMottois“IbelieveIcanfly”.ButIdon’tlikesports,sothosewhoenjoywatchinggamesandtalkingaboutsports,donotwritetome.Otherwise,theywillbedisappointed.Anyonewhoisofasimilarageandwantsafriendtotalktoorwriteto,pleasee-mail:lanyue1222@.Writetomeandyouwillreceivemyreplyimmediately,especiallyifyouwriteinEnglish.Yours,ZhangYan4.YourShowTimeAsamplefor“selfishness”:S:Hi,Mr.Li.Doyouhaveafewminutes?A:Yes,sure.Anythingwrong?Youdon’tlook27verywell.S:Idon’tknowhowtostart.It’saboutmypersonality,youknow.A:Yes?S:Iamtheonlychildinmyfamily.Mypaternalgrandparents,maternalgrandparentsandparentsalllovemeverymuch,eventothepointofspoilingme.Thismakesmeveryself-centeredandveryselfish.A:Oh?Didanyonetellyouthatbefore?S:Theydidn’tsayanythingdirectly.ButIcouldsensethat.Forexample,myroommatesdon’tliketotalktome.It’shardformetomakefriendswithanyofthemandIfeelveryisolated.Iwanttogetridofselfishness.ButIdon’tknowhow.A:Iknowit’shardtochange,sinceyouhavebeenlikethisforabout18years,right?Butit’snotimpossible.S:How?A:First,youhavetorememberthatmostof28yourclassmatesarealsotheonlychildoftheirfamilies.Soyouarenotmuchdifferentfromthem.Theyareallyourequalsanddeservethesamerightsandtreatment.Youcan’texpectthemtopleaseyouordoanythingforyoulikeyourfamilymembers.S:Youareright.IwaswronginthinkingthattheyshouldalladoremeasifIwereaprince.princess.A:Also,youneedtobemoreagreeableandgenerouswhenyou’rewiththem.Youshouldlearntoshare,forexample,yourbooks,CDs,food,andalsoyourfeelingsandexperienceswithothers.Trytobemoreconsiderateandhelpful.Donotmakeloudnoiseswhenothersaresleeping.Ifsomeoneisill,askhim/herwhatyoucoulddoforthem,buythemsomedrinkorfood.Onceyoushowyourconcernforothers,theywillcertainlyfeelgratefultoyouandrepayyousomeday,andwilltreatyouastheirfriend.29S:Yes.Youarequiteright.Ihaveneverthoughtofhelpingothers.Inmywholelife,Iamtheonewhohasbeenhelpedandtakencareof.A:Mylastpoint:Askyourself,whetheryouwanttomakefriendswithaselfishpersonwhoalwaystakesthingsfromyoubutnevergives.S:Ofcoursenot!A:That’sit!Goodluck!S:Thankyousomuch!Asamplefor“impatience”:A:Hi,Tom.Youdon’tlookveryhappy.What’swrong?S:IjusthadafightwithTed.A:Aboutwhat?S:Itwasatnoon.Ifeltabitsleepyandwashavinganap.WhenIwasjustabouttofallasleep,IsuddenlyheardTedcallingmyname.Iwokeup.Hejustwantedtoaskmeastupid30question.A:Soyouflewintoarage?S:Yes!Iaskedhimtoshutup,andbequiet!Andhebecameangrytoo.Wedidn’ttalktoeachotherthewholeafternoon.A:Youareabitimpatient.Idon’tthinkheintendedtoannoyyouandwokeyouuponpurpose.S:NowIalsorealizeIwastooquick-tempered.ButwhatcanIdotochangeit?A:Ithinkyouneedtoputyourselfinotherpeople’sshoes.Ifothersshoutatyourudely,howwouldyoufeel?S:Iwouldbeannoyed.Imightnevertalktothatpersonagain.A:So,yousee,donotdotootherswhatyoudonotwantothersdotoyou.S:Yeah,that’sright.A:Also,alwaysthinktwicebeforeyouleap.Youmaydosomethinglikedeepbreathing,orcountingtotenbeforeyouspeak.31S:Ok.Iwilltrytorememberthat.A:Youmayalsoputupsomereminderssuchas“BePatient”onthewall.S:That’sagoodidea!Ienjoycalligraphy.Imightwriteonemyself.A:Great!Ihopeyouwillbemorepatientandenjoyyourcollegelifehere.Asamplefor“dishonesty”:(AtMissLi’soffice.)S:Hi,MissLi.A:Hi,Sara.Comeonin!AnythingIcanhelpwith?S:Yes,I’mafraidso.Ihatemyself.Idespisemyself!A:Why?What’swrong?S:Ihaveabigproblemwithmypersonality.Iseemtobeahabitualliar.Iknowsomeofmyclassmateshavelabeledmeas“dishonest”,butIneverintendtobeso.A:Iknow,Iknow.Solet’sseewhatwecando32withit.Yousaidyoutoldlies.Whywasthat?Whatkindofliedidyoutell?S:Forexample,Ididn’tgetahighscoreinCalculuslastsemester.Infact,Ijustgotapass.Butwhenothersaskedmeaboutmyscore,ItoldthemIgot85.Butlater,theyfoundoutIdidn’ttellthetruth.A:OK!Ithinkthat’sbecauseyouwishedyoucouldhavehadahigherscore.Thelowscoremadeyoufeelabitashamed,kindoflosingface,right?Soyoutriedtohidethetruth.Butremember,gettingalowscoreoccasionallyisnormal.Moststudentshavesuchexperiences.Youhavetolearntoacceptthat.Onthecontrary,tellinglieswillbefrowneduponbyyourclassmates.Ascoreonlyreflectsyourabilityofonethingatonetime,buttellingliescanbedetrimentaltoyourintegrityallthetime.S:Youareright.Butmyliesdidn’thurtanyone.Ijustdidn’twanttoloseface.A:Itseemstomakesense.Butdoyouwantto33beliedto?Doyouwantyourfriendstobedishonesttoyou?Doyouwantyourchildtobedishonesttoo?S:Definitelynot.A:Infact,tellingliesisaverytiringthing.Youhavetohaveagoodmemory.Youhavetoremembertwothings:thefactandyourliesoasnottoletthecatoutofthebag.S:Quitetrue!Sometimes,beforeIspeak,IneedtorecallwhatItoldothersinordertokeepmywordsconsistent,sotospeak.A:Sowhynotleadaneasyandhappylifebytellingthetruthandbeinganhonestpersoninwhateveryoudo?Justastheproverbgoes,honestyisthebestpolicy.S:Ok.Thankyouverymuch!Fromnowon,Iwilltrymybestnottotellliesandbeanhonestperson.5.ComparingOptimistswithPessimists34StepOneDefiningOptimistsPessimiststendtobelievetendtobelieveisbadeventswilltemporaryandlastalongcharacteristicdefeatislimitedtotime,onecaseonly;underminedonotblameeverythingthemselvestheyblamewilldo;themselvesThinkingpatternpositivenegativeAttitudetowardsseethingsinimaginethetheirleastworstdifficultiesorthreateningfailureslight;regardbadeventsastemporarychallengestoovercome35AttitudetowardssuccesstakecreditconsideritasluckActiontakenactquickly,moveslowlywhenthingsgolookforanddonotbadlysolutions,formseekadviceanewplanofactionandseekadvicebouncebackgiveupeasilyConsequencequickly,andandgetofthetworegainenergydepresseddifferentwayssoon;domuchmoreoften;oflookingatbetterinschoolrecoverslowly;lifeandatwork;aremorelikelyarehappier,tosufferfromhealthierandhopelessness,morelonelinessandpainfulsuccessfulshyness;getphysicallysickmoreoften;36havemoremiddle-agediseasesStepTwoAdvicetopessimists:Dothingsyouenjoy,suchasplayinggames,goingshopping,havingice-cream,talkingwithyourfrie