研究生基礎(chǔ)綜合英語(邱東林版)課文中英對照加課后習(xí)題答案

..UnitOne：EducationText：InPraiseoftheFWord對F的贊美Tensofthousandsof18-year-oldswillgraduatethisyearandbehandedmeaninglessdiplomas.Thesediplomaswon’tlookanydifferentfromthoseawardedtheirluckierclassmates.Theirvaliditywillbequestionedonlywhentheiremployersdiscoverthatthesegraduatesaresemiliterate.今年,將有成千上萬的18歲學(xué)生畢業(yè)并被授于毫無意義的文憑。這些文憑對每個(gè)人都是一樣的,沒有一點(diǎn)差別,而不管學(xué)生的成績?nèi)绾?但當(dāng)雇主發(fā)現(xiàn)他們沒有實(shí)際能力時(shí),文憑的有效性就會(huì)被質(zhì)疑。Eventuallyafortunatefewwillfindtheirwayintoeducationalrepairshops-adult-literacyprograms,suchastheonewhereIteachbasicgrammarandwriting.There,highschoolgraduatesandhighschooldropoutspursuinggraduate-equivalencycertificateswilllearntheskillstheyshouldhavelearnedinschool.Theywillalsodiscovertheyhavebeencheatedbyoureducationalsystem.即使少數(shù)幸運(yùn)的人找到了成人進(jìn)修的地方,像我教語法和寫作的地方。在這里,高中畢業(yè)和高中輟學(xué)的學(xué)生為了追求等價(jià)的畢業(yè)證書必需學(xué)習(xí)他們本應(yīng)該在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)的東西。他們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被我們的教育系統(tǒng)所欺騙。AsIteach,Ilearnalotaboutourschools.EarlyineachsessionIaskmystudentstowriteaboutanunpleasantexperiencetheyhadinschool.Nowriters’blockhere!"Iwishsomeonewouldhavehadmademestopdoingdrugsandmademestudy.""Ilikedtopartyandnooneseemedtocare.""Iwasagoodkidanddidn’tcauseanytrouble,sotheyjustpassedmealongeventhoughIdidn’treadwellandcouldn’twrite."Andsoon.當(dāng)我教他們的時(shí)候,我從我們的課堂上學(xué)到了很多。在每次開班,首先我會(huì)讓學(xué)生寫一下關(guān)于他們在學(xué)校的一次很不愉快的經(jīng)歷。每個(gè)學(xué)生都會(huì)有這樣的經(jīng)歷。有人說："我希望有一個(gè)人可以使我停止吸毒,讓我好好學(xué)習(xí)。"；有人說："我喜歡聚會(huì),但好像沒有人注意過我"；有人說："我是一個(gè)好孩子,沒有制造過任何麻煩。所以盡管學(xué)習(xí)不好,考試還是讓我通過。"等等。Iamyourbasicdo-gooder,andpriortoteachingthisclassIblamedthepooracademicskillsourkidshavetodayondrugs,divorceandotherimpedimentstoconcentrationnecessaryfordoingwellinschool.But,asIrediscovereachtimeIwalkintotheclassroom,beforeateachercanexpectstudentstoconcentrate,hehastogettheirattention,nomatterwhatdistractionsmaybeathand.Therearemanywaystodothis,andtheyhavemuchtodowithteachingstyle.However,ifstylealonewon’tdoit,thereisanotherwaytoshowwhoholdsthewinninghandintheclassroom.Thatistorevealthetrumpcardofteacher.我是教過這個(gè)班級的先屆老師和他們最初級的改良者。我痛斥那些拙劣的教學(xué)方式,以至于今天我們的孩子們陷入吸毒,離婚和其他使他們不能專注于學(xué)習(xí)的困擾。但是,當(dāng)我每次走進(jìn)教室都會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)的是,在一名老師期望可以引起學(xué)生的注意之前,他已經(jīng)吸引了學(xué)生的注意,而不管面臨什么樣的干擾。有很多方式可以做到這一點(diǎn),并且老師們在教學(xué)風(fēng)格方面還亟待改進(jìn)。然而,如果教學(xué)風(fēng)格不能做到這點(diǎn),還有另一種方法使你成為教室里的導(dǎo)引者,那就是使用教師的殺手锏。Iwillneverforgetateacherwhoplayedthatcardtogettheattentionofoneofmychildren.Ouryoungest,aworld-classcharmer,didlittletodevelophisintellectualtalentsbutalwaysgotbyuntilMrs.Stifterbecamehisteacher.我永遠(yuǎn)都忘不了那位曾用她獨(dú)特的方式來吸引我兒子注意力的那位老師。我最小的兒子后來成為了世界級魔術(shù)師,但在Stifter女士成為他的老師之前,學(xué)習(xí)總是不怎么努力卻總能過關(guān),直到Stifter女士當(dāng)了他的老師,這種局面就改變了。OursonwasahighschoolseniorwhenhehadherforEnglish."Hesitsinthebackoftheroomtalkingtohisfriends,"shetoldme."Whydon’tyoumovehimtothefrontrow?"Iurged,believingtheembarrassmentwouldgethimtosettledown.Mrs.Stifterlookedatmesteely-eyedoverherglasses."Idon’tmoveseniors,"shesaid."Iflunkthem.’Iwasflustered.Ourson’sacademiclifeflashedbeforemyeyes.Noteacherhadeverthreatenedhimweththatbefore.當(dāng)她教我們兒子英語的時(shí)候我們兒子還是一個(gè)高中生。她對我說："你們兒子總是坐在教室后面和他的朋友說話。"我敦促她說"為什么你不把他調(diào)到前排",相信他坐在前排被那么多人看著就會(huì)好好學(xué)習(xí)。Stifter女士用堅(jiān)毅的眼神通過她的眼鏡看著我說："我不會(huì)為他們調(diào)位,他們已經(jīng)是高中生了,我讓他們不及格。"我很慌張。IregainedmycomposureandmanagedtosaythatIthoughtshewasright.BythetimeIgothomeIwasfeelingprettygoodaboutthis.Itwasaradicalapproachforthesetimes.but,well,whynot?"She’sgoingtoflunkyou,"Itoldmyson.Ididnotdiscussitanyfurther.SuddenlyEnglishbecameapriorityinhislife.HefinishedoutthesemesterwithanA. 我們兒子的學(xué)術(shù)生涯從我的眼前一閃而過。在這之前從沒有老師威脅過他。我恢復(fù)了平靜,也認(rèn)為她做的是對的。當(dāng)回到家時(shí)我對這個(gè)方式感覺很好。它是一個(gè)好的激降法。為什么不這樣做呢？于是我告訴我的兒子："她準(zhǔn)備讓你不基格。"我其它什么也沒說。突然英語在他的生活中處于優(yōu)先地位。他這個(gè)學(xué)期的成績竟然得了一個(gè)A。 Iknowoneexampledoesn’tmakeacase,butatnightIseeaparadeofstudentswhoareangryandresentfulforhavingbeenpassedalonguntiltheycouldnolongerevenpretendtokeepup.Ofaverageintelligenceorbetter,theyeventuallyquitschool,concludingtheyweretoodumbtofinish."Ishouldhavebeenheldback"isacommentIhearfrequently.Evensadderarethosestudentswhoarehighschoolgraduateswhosaytomeafterafewweeksofclass,"Idon'tknowhowIevergotahighschooldiploma."我知道一個(gè)例子雖然不能充分說明全部,但是在晚上我看到滿是憤怒和怨恨的游行學(xué)生,由于被忽略掉,他們甚至不能再這樣假裝的忍耐下去。即使智力一般的或更好的學(xué)生,由于認(rèn)為他們太笨,而使他們最終退學(xué)。"我應(yīng)該被留下"是我聽到的最頻繁的話。更令人悲哀的是,那些高中畢業(yè)生過了幾周對我說:"我不知道我曾經(jīng)是怎么獲得了一個(gè)高中畢業(yè)證。"Passingstudentswhohavenotmasteredtheworkcheatsthemandtheemployerswhoexpectgraduatestohavebasicskills.Weexcusethisdishonestbehaviorbysayingkidscan’tlearniftheycomefromterribleenvironments.Nooneseemstostoptothinkthat-nomatterwhatenvironmentstheycomefrom-mostkidsdon'tputschoolfirstontheirlistunlesstheyperceivesomethingisatstake.They’dratherbesailing. 讓一個(gè)對自己的學(xué)業(yè)都沒掌握好的學(xué)生畢業(yè),不僅欺騙了他們自己,也欺騙了那些認(rèn)為畢業(yè)生們都掌握了基本技能的雇主們。我們可以對這個(gè)不誠實(shí)的行為辯解說,孩子們不能學(xué)習(xí)是因?yàn)樗麄冎車沫h(huán)境太糟糕。似乎沒有人停下來思考過這個(gè)問題——無論孩子們來自什么環(huán)境,大部分孩子并不會(huì)把學(xué)業(yè)放在第一位,除非他們意識(shí)到這種做法有一定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。他們寧愿隨波逐流。 ManystudentsIseeatnightcouldgiveexperttestimonyonunemployment,chemicaldependency,abusiverelationships.Inspiteoftheseforabetterjobortheneedtohangontotheonethey’vegot.Theyhaveahealthyfearoffailure. 我在夜?？吹降膶W(xué)生的狀況——被解雇、對毒品的依賴和家庭暴力等——可以給出有力的證明。盡管有這樣許多的困難,他們依然把接受教育放在優(yōu)先的位置,他們被他們心里的希望激勵(lì)著,或是出于要找到一份好的工作,或是出于對保持現(xiàn)有工作的需要。他們對失敗都有一個(gè)健康的心理。 Peopleofallagescanriseabovetheirproblems,buttheyneedtohaveareasontodoso.Youngpeoplegenerallydon’thavethematuritytovalueeducationinthesamewaymyadultstudentsvalueit.Butfearoffailure,whethereconomicoracademic,canmotivateboth. 所有年齡段的人都能克服他們的問題,但他們需要一個(gè)這樣做的理由。年輕人通常不像我的那些成年的學(xué)生一樣有一個(gè)成熟的心態(tài)去看待教育。但是對失敗的害怕,可以激勵(lì)他們,無論是在經(jīng)濟(jì)上或是學(xué)術(shù)上。 Flunkingasaregularpolicyhasjustasmuchmerittodayasitdidtwogenerationsago.Wemustreviewthethreatofflunkingandseeitasitreallyis—apostiveteachingtool.Itisanexpressionofconfidencebybothtecahersandparentsthatthestudentshavetheabilitytolearnthematerialpresentedtothem.However,makingitworkagainwouldtakeadedicated,caringconspiracybetwwenteachersandparents.Itwouldmeanthatteacherswouldhavetofollowthroughontheirthreats,andparentswouldhavetostandbehindthem,knowingtheirchildren'sbestinterestsareindeedatstake.ThismeansnomoredoingScott'sassignmentsforhimbecausehemightfail.NomorepassingJodibecauseshe'ssuchanicekid. 考試不讓通過作為一個(gè)策略,具有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn)無論是在現(xiàn)在還是在兩個(gè)世紀(jì)以前。我們在看到他的危險(xiǎn)之外,必須看到這確實(shí)是一個(gè)積極的教育工具。老師和家長應(yīng)該對此具有信心,即學(xué)生完全有能力學(xué)會(huì)你所給他的東西。然而,要讓其重新行之有效必須要做出一些奉獻(xiàn),老師和家長應(yīng)該合作起來。這將意味著兩者都必須要正視這個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)中的困境——讓不學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生通過,可以避免短時(shí)的悲痛,但卻注定了他們長期的無知。這意味著教師們在了解了他的危害之后必須要堅(jiān)持到底,并且家長們在了解了他們孩子的最終利益受到危害之后必須堅(jiān)定的站在老師的這一邊。這意味著,不再替Scott做作業(yè)是因?yàn)檫@樣會(huì)給他帶來失敗,不讓Scott通過是因?yàn)樗且粋€(gè)如此優(yōu)秀的孩子。Thisisapolicythatworkedinthepastandcanworktoday.Awiseteacher,withthesupportofhisparents,gaveoursontheopportunitytosucceed--orfail.It'stimewereturnedthischoicetoallstudents.這是一個(gè)在過去和現(xiàn)在都行之有效的方法。一個(gè)聰明的老師,在家長們的支持下,要給我們的孩子機(jī)會(huì)成功或失敗?，F(xiàn)在是時(shí)間讓我們重新回到這個(gè)抉擇了。..TextB：EssenceofEducation教育的本質(zhì)RoberyW.TracinkiTheessenceofeducationistheteachingoffactsandreasoningskillstoourchildren,sothattheylearntothink.教育的本質(zhì)是向我們的孩子們教授事實(shí)和推理的技能,讓他們學(xué)會(huì)思考。Yetalmostacentury,ourschoolshavebeenunderassaultbyanapproachtoeducationthatelevatesfeelingsoverfacts.UndertheinfluenceofProgressiveEducation--Itisnowmoreimportantthangettinghimintouchwiththefactsofhistory,mathematicsorgeography.然而幾乎一個(gè)世紀(jì)以來,我們的學(xué)校都在受到一種將感受凌駕于事實(shí)之上的教育方法的攻擊。在進(jìn)步教育的影響下——讓學(xué)生了解歷史事實(shí)、數(shù)學(xué)或地理都不如感覺重要。"Creativespelling"--inwhichstudentsareencouragedtospellwordsinwhateverwaytheyfeeliscorrect-ismoreimportantthantherulesoflanguage.Urgingchildrento"feelgood"aboutthemselvesismoreimportantthanensuringthattheyacquiretheknowledgenecessaryforlivingsuccessfully."創(chuàng)造性的拼寫"——鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生以任何他們感覺正確的方式拼寫單詞—這比語言規(guī)則更加重要。鼓勵(lì)孩子們對自己"感覺良好"比確保他們獲得順利生活所必需的知識(shí)更為重要。Thisemotion-centered,anti-reasonassaultoneducationhasfoundanewally:thosewhobelievetheliteralwordsoftheBible.TheKansasBoardofEducationhasjustexcisedthetheoryofevolutionfromthestate'sofficialsciencestandards.Severalotherstateshaveenactedsimilaranti-evolutionpolicies,therebyelevatingthefeelingofreligiousfundamentalistsovertheaccumulatedevidenceoftheentirescienceofbiology.這種以情緒為中心、反對理性的對教育的攻擊已經(jīng)找到了新的同盟軍：那些相信圣經(jīng)上文學(xué)詞匯的人?？八_斯州教育理事會(huì)剛剛推翻了該州官方科學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的進(jìn)化論。幾個(gè)其他的州已經(jīng)頒布了相似的反對進(jìn)化政策,從而將宗教原教旨的感受凌駕于整個(gè)生物科學(xué)所累積的證據(jù)之上。Thesepoliciesdonotactuallybantheteachingofevolution,nordotheymandatetheteachingof"Creationism"biblicalclaimthattheEarthandalllifeonitwerecreatedinsixdays.Theysimplydropevolutionfromtherequiredcurriculum.Thegoalofthereligiousactivitiesistokeepstudentsignorantofthetheoryofevolution,ortoencouragetheteachingofevolutionandCreationismside-by-side,astwo"competing"theories.這些政策實(shí)際上并不禁止教授進(jìn)化論,他們也不命令教授特創(chuàng)論——圣經(jīng)上說地球及其上的所有生命是在六天中被創(chuàng)造出來的。他們只是在必修課程中排除了進(jìn)化論。宗教活動(dòng)的目的是令學(xué)生對進(jìn)化論的原理保持無知,或者是鼓勵(lì)同時(shí)教授進(jìn)化論和特創(chuàng)論,把他們作為兩個(gè)相互競爭的理論。Considerwhatthislatterwouldmeanintheclassroom.Ontheoneside,teacherswouldpresentthetheoryofevolution,supportedbycountlessobservations,allintegratedintoacomprehensiveexplanationofvirtuallyeveryfactinitsfield.考慮一下后一種做法在課堂上意味這什么吧。一方面,教師將呈現(xiàn)進(jìn)化論的原理,一個(gè)被無數(shù)觀察者所支持,整合了對領(lǐng)域內(nèi)每一個(gè)方面解釋的綜合理論。Ontheotherside,teacherswouldpresent--what?AllthattheCreationistviewoffersistheassertionbywould-beauthoritiesthatanancientreligioustextrevealsthat10,000yearsagoGodcreatedtheworldinsixdays.另一方面,教師將教授——什么？特創(chuàng)論信奉者的觀點(diǎn)只是自詡為權(quán)威的人的斷言,即一部古老的宗教書揭示了一萬年以前上帝在六天中創(chuàng)造了世界。Someofthesereligiousactivistsclaimthattheyrejecttheteachingofevolutionbecauseitis"unproven,"sinceitlacks"sufficientevidence."一些宗教激進(jìn)分子宣稱他們反對教授進(jìn)化論,因?yàn)樗?未經(jīng)證明",由于它缺乏"充分的證據(jù)"Yettheirargumentssystematicallyrejecttheneedforproofandevidence.Scientistscanpointtoabillion-year-longfossilrecordofcontinuouschangesacrossa11speciesastheydevelopfrommore-primitivetopresent-dayforms.Theycanpointtothenaturalvariationsamongmembersofaspecies,variationsthatchangefromoneclimatetoanotherasspeciesadapttotheirenvironment.ButtheCreationistcategoricallydismissestheevidence-becauseitcontradictsbiblicaldogma.然而,他們的論點(diǎn)恰好系統(tǒng)地反對檢驗(yàn)和證據(jù)的需要?？茖W(xué)家們能夠指出一百萬年以來的化石記錄,它記載了所有物種從原始形態(tài)發(fā)展到今天的形態(tài)的持續(xù)變化。他們能夠指出在中物種成員之間的自然變異,這些為適應(yīng)環(huán)境、隨氣候的變化而發(fā)生的變異。但是特創(chuàng)論的信奉者明確的拒絕這樣的證據(jù),因?yàn)樗c圣經(jīng)教義相悖。Thecentralissueisnotwhetherthereisenoughscientificevidencetovalidateaparticularconclusion-butwhetherscienceassuch,ratherthanfaith,isthebasisforarrivingatconclusions.Therecanbenoscientificdebatebetweenthesetwopositions.Therecanbenorationalargumentbetweenaviewthatrestsonobservationandreason,andonethatrestsonblindfaith-i.e.,onitsadherents'desiretobelievesomething,irrespectiveoflogic.中心問題不在于是否有足夠的科學(xué)證據(jù)來證實(shí)某個(gè)特定的結(jié)論－而在于科學(xué)本身而非信仰,是否是得到結(jié)論的基礎(chǔ)。在這兩種立場之間不可能有科學(xué)的辯論。一中觀點(diǎn)依靠觀察和推理,另一種觀點(diǎn)依靠盲目的信仰－即依靠追隨者相信某件事的渴望而不考慮邏輯,在這兩種觀點(diǎn)之間不可能有理性的爭論。IftheCreationistapproachweretakenseriously,whatwouldremainofeducation?Ifevidenceandreasoningaretobe"balanced"byfaithorfeeling-what,then,wouldnotbelonginthecurriculum?EventhetheorythattheEarthisflathasproponentswhofeelitistrue.Moretothepoint,whatistostopteachersfrompresentinganyothernonrationalviewoftheoriginofman?Whynotgiveequaltimeto,say,theNaziclaimthewhiteracedescendedfromthesuperiorAryans?假如特創(chuàng)論的觀點(diǎn)被當(dāng)真,那教育將剩下什么呢？如果證據(jù)和推理被信仰和感覺所平衡,那么什么將不屬于課程的一部分呢？即使地球是平的這樣的理論也有人認(rèn)為它是正確的。此外,什么將阻止教師教授其他關(guān)于人類起源的非理性觀點(diǎn)？為什么不用同樣的時(shí)間來講解諸如納粹認(rèn)為白種人是源自高等雅利安人的觀點(diǎn)？ThemostominousimplicationoftheCreationistpositionisitsbeliefthat,injudgingthetruthofanidea,onecansimplyignorerationalevidence-ifitclasheswithone'sdesiretobelieveotherwise.Thisisadisastrousmethodologytoinculcateinourchildren-anditisevenmoredangeroustobackitupwiththerulingofagovernmentbody.特創(chuàng)論立場最壞的暗示是它相信在判斷一個(gè)想法的真實(shí)性時(shí),一個(gè)人完全可以忽視理性的證據(jù)－只要它與一個(gè)人相信其他事情的愿望相沖突。把這樣的方法論灌輸給我們孩子是災(zāi)難性的－而用政府組織的統(tǒng)治來支持這種觀點(diǎn)則更加危險(xiǎn)。Thecrucialroleofeducationistoprovideyoungpeoplewiththeinformationandmethodstheyneedinordertolearnhowtothinkindependently.Educationhasliberatedmankindfromtheshacklesofmyth,superstitionandunchallengedtradition.Buttheprevailingtrend-fromboththe"progressiveleft"andthe"religiousright"--istoreversethisdevelopment,byenshriningfeelingoverfactsandfaithoverreason.教育的極其重要角色是為年輕人提供能夠使學(xué)會(huì)如何獨(dú)立思考的這些信息和方法。教育已經(jīng)將人類從神話、迷信和未受質(zhì)疑的傳統(tǒng)中解放了出來。但現(xiàn)在普遍的趨勢——從"進(jìn)步左翼"和"宗教右翼"兩方面來看－都在把感受凌駕于事實(shí)之上,把信仰凌駕于理性之上,這樣做是在倒轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)展的方向。Ifcampaignssuchastheoneagainstteachingevolutionareallowedtosucceed,theultimateresultwillbetheextinctionofgenuineeducation.如果類似一個(gè)反對教授進(jìn)化論的運(yùn)動(dòng)被允許取得成功,最終的結(jié)果將是真正的教育的滅絕。..UnitTwo：LoveTextA：AWeddingGift結(jié)婚禮物ElizabethEconomies伊利莎白??？浦Z莫IhadalwaysdreamedofbeingproposedtoinaParisiancafe,underdazzlingstars,liketheoneinaVanGoghknockoffthathangsinmystudioapartment.Instead,myboyfriendaskedmetomarryhimwhileIwaswanderingthebathroommirror.我一直有這樣的夢想：星光燦爛的網(wǎng)上,在一家巴黎咖啡館能有人向我求婚。那個(gè)咖啡館就像梵高所畫的"夜晚的咖啡館",我的工作室墻上就掛著一幅此畫的翻印本。然而,我男朋友卻在我用"穩(wěn)得新"擦洗衛(wèi)生間鏡子的時(shí)候叫我嫁給他。At40yearsold,itwasmyturn.1hadgracefullysteppedasideandwatchedbothmytwinsisterandourbabysistertakethematrimonialplungebeforeme?1hadbeenabridesmaidseventimesandamaidofhonorthreetimes.1hadmorepastel-colored,taffetadressesthanaconsignmentshop.我已經(jīng)上40歲,是該輪到我了,我已經(jīng)體面地讓開,眼看著孿生妹妹還有小妹在我之前出嫁,我做過女儐相7次,伴娘3次,我的淡顏色塔夫綢衣服比寄物店都多。Myfiancé,George,andIareGreek-American,butwewantedasimple,elegantaffair.Noentourageofbridesmaidsandgroomsmen.Nosillyslideshowrevealingdetailsofourcourtship.Thiswouldbeanintimategathering,neitherbignorfat,with100orsoguests.Inourfamiliesthatisintimate.我的未婚夫喬治和我都是希臘裔美國人,但是我們想辦一個(gè)簡樸、大方的婚禮。不需要很多伴娘伴郎。也不放映幻燈片,展示求婚的細(xì)節(jié),那太傻了,這會(huì)是一次很溫馨的聚會(huì),請的人不多也不鋪張,100個(gè)左右的賓客吧。在我們的家族,那算是小圈子內(nèi)的聚會(huì)。Myjobasapublicisttoamonomaniacalorchestraconductorhadjustvanished,so1hadlotsoftimetodevotetomynewproject.George,whoworked60hoursaweekasapharmacist,nowhadasecondjob:listeningtomewhineaboutthewedding.Afterall,thiswasmyshow,and1wasthedirector.我為一位偏執(zhí)狂的管弦樂隊(duì)指揮做公關(guān)剛剛結(jié)束,因而我有很多時(shí)間投入到我這個(gè)新的項(xiàng)目上。喬治是藥劑師,每周工作60小時(shí),現(xiàn)在又有一份工作：聽我抱怨婚禮一事。這畢竟是我表現(xiàn)的時(shí)候,得有我說著算。Butthemoretimeandeffort1putin,themoretheuniversetriedtothwartme.TheGreekbandfromLosAngelesthat1wantedwasn'tavailable.Thestitching1hadrequestedformycathedralveilwasallwrong.MyivorysilkgownwasbeingquarantinedsomewhereinSingapore.Andwithourweddingjustafewweeksaway,1wasannoyedthatmostofmyguestswererespondingafterthedeadline.但是,我投入的時(shí)間和精力越多,萬事就越和我過不去。沒有請到我想要的洛杉磯希臘樂隊(duì)。我到教堂時(shí)所戴面紗的針線活也很糟,不是我原來所要求的。我訂的象牙色的絲綢禮服被隔離在新加坡的某個(gè)地方。眼看著婚禮也就沒有幾個(gè)禮拜了,我邀請的客人大部分在最后期限之后才回信,讓我很是煩惱。Then1receivedthecallfrommymother,petiteandbrimmingwithenergyat68,whoafewdaysbeforehadbeensothrilledaboutthewedding.She’dbeentothedoctorforherannualcheckup.Althoughshefeltfine,thediagnosiswasstomachcancer.之后,我接到媽媽的。她個(gè)頭嬌小,68歲卻依然精力飽滿。幾天前還為我即將舉行的婚禮而感到興奮不已。她剛?cè)メt(yī)院做例年的身體檢查。雖然感覺不錯(cuò),但被診斷是胃癌。Overthenextfewdays,thequestionbecamenot"Whatkindofwedding?"but"Wedding?"IhadthoughtofitasmyBigDay.IrealizedthataBigDaywithoutmymotherwouldbenodayatall.Nothavingmydad,whopassedawaythreeyearsbefore,towalkmedowntheaislewaspainful,butthethoughtofnothavingMomtherewasunbearable.接下來的幾天,問題不再是"舉行什么樣的婚禮",而是"還辦婚禮嗎？"我把這看作是我的大喜日子。我認(rèn)識(shí)到?jīng)]有媽媽的大喜日子不可思議。爸爸已經(jīng)在三年前過世,不可能牽著我的手到教堂圣壇完婚,這已經(jīng)讓我覺得凄苦。但是一想到媽媽那天也不能在教堂就讓我覺得無法忍受。Withinafewdays,1movedbackhometoSeattlefromNewYorkCityandpostponedtheceremony.1switchedfromnavigatingweddingplanstonavigatingthehealth-caresystem.Ihadpickedoutthesongtobeplayedforourfirstdanceasahusbandandwife,butnow1washard-pressedtorememberwhatitwas.Mywedding,likeadream,wasvanishingagainsttheharshrealityofillness.幾天后,我從紐約搬回西雅圖,延遲了婚禮。我從操辦婚禮轉(zhuǎn)向指導(dǎo)保健。我已經(jīng)挑選好歌曲,準(zhǔn)備作為我們夫妻的首個(gè)舞曲,但現(xiàn)在壓力那么大,我已經(jīng)記不起來是哪首了。我的婚禮在母親患病這個(gè)殘酷的事實(shí)面前就像夢一樣消失了。Meanwhile,mytwosistersandI,wholivedinthreedifferentcities,wereunitedonceagaininahospitalwaitingroom.MytwinsisterflewinfromChicagodespitebeingeightmonthspregnant.Ourbabysister,who'dbeenlookingafterMomsinceDad'sdeath,wasgrippedbyfearasthefamiliarsightsandsmellswereeerilyreminiscentofhisfinaldays.Afterconsultingwithdoctors,welearnedthatstomachsurgerywasMom'sonlyoption.Wetookthefirstopening.與此同時(shí),我和兩個(gè)妹妹原本都生活在三個(gè)不同的城市,這時(shí)卻在醫(yī)院的等候室里再次相聚了。我的孿生妹妹雖然已懷孕八個(gè)月,但還是從芝加哥飛了過來。小妹自父親去世以來一直照顧著媽媽,這時(shí)恐懼占據(jù)了她的心,此情此景讓她不由得想起父親臨終的日子。咨詢醫(yī)生后,我們得知手術(shù)是媽媽唯一的選擇。醫(yī)院一有床位我們就住進(jìn)去了。Onadrabautumnmorning,assheetsofrainrelentlesslypouredoverSeattle,MomwasadmittedtotheSwedishCancerInstitute.Duringafive-houroperation,surgeonsremovedtwothirdsofherstomach.Pacinginthewaitingroom,terrified,Iwonderedwhatthefutureheldforallofus.一個(gè)沉悶的秋天早晨,大雨無情地傾瀉在西雅圖市,媽媽被收進(jìn)瑞典腫瘤研究所。在五個(gè)小時(shí)的手術(shù)過程中,醫(yī)生把她的胃切掉了三分之二。我在等候室里來回走動(dòng),恐懼不安,不知道等待我們的會(huì)是什么。Georgeflewouttobewithme."There'snoplaceI'dratherbe,"hesaid.Forthreenightshesleptonthedankfloorinthehospitalwaitingareawrappedinatatteredsheetwithasoiledsofacushionunderhishead.Aweekaftertheoperation,thesurgeongaveushisprognosis:"Thecancerhasnotspread,"hesaid.ThoseweresomeoftheloveliestwordsintheEnglishlanguage.Georgesqueezedmyhandastearstrickleddownmyface.喬治飛過來陪我。他說："我也不想待在其他地方"。三個(gè)夜晚,他睡在醫(yī)院等候區(qū)域潮濕的地板上,裹著破舊床單,頭枕臟兮兮的沙發(fā)墊。手術(shù)一周后,醫(yī)生向我們告知了預(yù)后。"癌細(xì)胞沒有擴(kuò)散,"他說。這幾個(gè)詞可是英語中最可愛的詞了。喬治緊握著我的手,這時(shí)眼淚流下我的面頰。Theweeksthatfollowedwereexhausting.Mymotherhadtorethinkherdiet,andIhadtofigureoutwhattoprepare.DecadentGreekmealswerereplacedbytinyportionsandlotsofprotein,whichwouldhelpmendthesix-inchincisionthatranfromherbreastbonepasthernavel.Proteinwouldalsobolsterherimmunesystemforthechemoandradiationthatmightfollow.接下來的幾個(gè)禮拜令人勞累。媽媽只得重新考慮她的飲食,我得琢磨該準(zhǔn)備哪些飯菜。頹廢的希臘飯菜被蛋白質(zhì)替代,少食多餐,這有助于修補(bǔ)她那從胸骨到肚臍下長達(dá)六英寸的刀口。蛋白質(zhì)還增強(qiáng)她的免疫系統(tǒng),因?yàn)榻酉聛硭熀头暖?。Untilthen,myideaofcookinghadbeenmicrowavingthedoggiebagfromthechi-chirestaurantI'deatenatthenightbefore.Butaftertwomonths,ImasteredpoachedeggsandT-bonesteaks.What'smore,caringformyMommademerealizehowconsummatelyshehadcaredforallofus.I'llneverforgetwhenIwenttoseeherintheintensive-careunit,justafewhoursafterhersurgery.Shewasstrungoutwithamyriadofplastictubesprotrudingfromherarms,nose,andmouth."Liz,makesureyoueatsomething,"shesaidinastrained,raspyvoice.在此之前,做飯對我來說也就是把頭天晚上從花哨飯店里吃剩下打包回來的飯菜在微波爐熱一下。但兩個(gè)月之后,我掌握了水煮荷包蛋,學(xué)會(huì)燒帶骨牛排。此外,照顧母親也讓我認(rèn)識(shí)到她當(dāng)年照料我們是多么地盡心。我永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)忘記,她剛動(dòng)完手術(shù)幾個(gè)小時(shí)后,我到特護(hù)病房去看她。她躺在那里,手臂、鼻孔和嘴巴里插了那么多的塑料導(dǎo)管,她卻吃力、沙啞地說道："莉茲,你一定要吃點(diǎn)東西。"ForgetParis.Mom'sfullrecoverywasmydreamnow.忘記巴黎。媽媽的徹底康復(fù)才是我現(xiàn)在的夢想。Recently,shewentforafollow-upC-Tscan.Assheremovedhergoldweddingbandfortheexam,herfragile98-poundframetrembled.Therewouldbethisscan,andmanymore.Butthedoctorsaid,"Everythinglooksgood."Soon,mymotherwillbewalkingmedowntheaisle.I'veforgottenwhatkindofstitchingisinmyveil.ButwhenIremoveitfrommyface,I’llbestaringatthetwopeopleIlovebeyondallreason:mysoon-to-behusbandandthewomanwhoshowedmewhat'sreallyimportant.最近,她去做了一次隨訪CT檢查。當(dāng)她脫下結(jié)婚金戒指檢查的時(shí)候,98磅的柔弱身軀顫抖了。這個(gè)檢查得做,接下來還有很多次。但醫(yī)生說,"一切都很好。"不久,媽媽就可以把我領(lǐng)到圣壇舉行婚禮。我已經(jīng)忘記面紗上的刺繡。但在我掀開面紗的時(shí)候,我肯定會(huì)脈脈地注視著我所最愛的兩個(gè)人：我的未婚夫和讓我懂得人生要義的那個(gè)女人——我的母親。..TextB：WeddedDis藐視婚姻AmyWathen艾米?沃森InFebruary,IgotengagedtoaguywhoIbelievetobethemostamazingmanalive．Ifeelsolucky,andIamverymuchinlove．Icannotwaittobemarried.二月份,我和一個(gè)我認(rèn)為是活著的人當(dāng)中最出色的家伙訂了婚。我感覺甚為幸運(yùn),沉浸在愛河中。我急不可待要結(jié)婚。SinceIhavebeenengaged,whileIhavegottenalotofcongratulatorywishesfromfriends,someolder,morecynicalpeoplejustwon’tletmebe.Ihaveheardthefollowingcomments,knockingmefrommyI’m-getting-married-to-the-love-of-my–lifepedestal:"Itwillneverlast,""Youwon'tevenmakeittothealtar,""Marriageissodifficult,""It'ssohardtomakeitwork"andmyfavorite,accompaniedbyaneyerollandahorriblysarcastictone,"Goodlucktoyou!"Igetlecturesonthestrugglesthatlieahead,looksofsympathy,andspeechesonhowterriblemylifewillbeinaboutl0yearswhenIwillapparentlyhatemyhusband.Can'tanyonejustletmebehappy?PeoplelovemyfiancéandnoonehaseversaidthatIamnotready.Sowhyisthissuchamistake?Whydosomeadultswhohavehadbadexperiencesdecidetokillmyhappinesswithnastyremarksinsteadofjustsayingcongratulations?自我訂婚以后,雖然聽到朋友們很多祝福的話語,可一些上了年紀(jì)、玩世不恭的人卻不愿讓我高興。我聽到了下列的評論,在抱有馬上嫁給心上人這個(gè)理想的我的頭上澆了一盆冷水。"不會(huì)長久的","你們連婚都結(jié)不了","婚姻太難了","要讓事如所愿太難了",還有我喜歡聽的話、但說的時(shí)候是眼珠溜轉(zhuǎn)并且怪聲怪調(diào),"祝你好運(yùn)了"。有些人還就婚后生活的困境給我上了課,給我同情的神情,還有人高談闊論說我l0年后的生活會(huì)多么糟糕,說那時(shí)我肯定恨我丈夫。難道大家就不能讓我開心嗎?人們喜歡我的未婚夫,也沒有說我還沒有準(zhǔn)備好。那為什么這樣就是錯(cuò)誤呢?為什么幾個(gè)有過不幸經(jīng)歷的成年人非要說那些難聽的話來扼殺我的幸福．而不是就送上幾句祝福呢？Don’tgetmewrong,Ihavenotallowedmyhappinesstooverpowermycommonsense.Iknowallaboutthestrugglesofmarriage．Iknowallabouttheheartache：thatchildrencanstrainamarriage,thatmoneyissuescanblowup,thatacouplecanlosetheirconnection,thatjobstresscantakeatollandthatchangingandgrowingoldercanaidinthedissolutionofwhatoncewasreallove．Iknowit’snotalwayseasyorfun,andthatit'snotperfectforever.別誤解我。我還沒有讓幸福之感攪亂了常識(shí)。我對婚姻的艱難都一清二楚,我也知曉頭痛的事：小孩子能拖垮婚姻,經(jīng)濟(jì)的問題也會(huì)爆發(fā),夫妻間不再情感交流,工作壓力能造成傷害,人是不斷變化的而且越來越老,這都會(huì)為解除當(dāng)年的真愛起到推波助瀾的作用。我知道這不容易,也不總充滿樂趣,我也知道婚姻永遠(yuǎn)都不完美。Isawthisfirsthandwhenmyparentsweredivorcedlastyear.Iwatchedtheironce-perfectunionfallapartamidunhappiness,pain,desperation,frustration,sadnessandanger.Marriagecanbeabeautifuljourney,butitisn’tforeveryone．Mymomanddadaremuchhappierapart．IthoughtIwouldn’twanttobemarriedafterlivingthroughthatuntilImetthemanofmydreamsandhechangedmymind．我在去年父母離婚的時(shí)候親身體會(huì)到這一切。我看到在不幸、痛苦、絕望、懊惱、哀傷和惱怒中他們曾一度美滿的婚姻轟然倒地。婚姻可以是美麗的旅途,但并不是每個(gè)人都能體會(huì)到。我媽媽和爸爸分開后幸福多了。經(jīng)歷此事我曾想永遠(yuǎn)不結(jié)婚,直到我遇到了我的夢中情人,是他改變了我的想法。Myfiancéhasincredibleparents.Theyhavebeentogethersincetheywereinhighschool,morethan30years,andtheyhavefivechildren,crazyworkschedules,andthesameissuesaseveryoneelse.Buttheyareanexceptionbecausetheyarestillmadlyinlove.It'sabreathoffreshairtobewiththem.IseeinthemalovethatisdifferentandIthinkthatIhavethataswell.Youneverknowwherelifewilltakeyou,butIthinkitisadangerousassumptionthatamarriagecanneverworkout,orthatitisn'tworthatry.Itcanlast.Myfuturein-lawsareproofthatamarriagecanwithstandthemanypotentialcatastrophesandlastalifetime.我未婚夫的父母具令人難以置信。他們自從上高中的時(shí)候就在一起,超過30年了,他們有5個(gè)子女,瘋狂的工作安排,別人有的事他們都有。但是他們卻是例外,因?yàn)樗麄內(nèi)匀化偪竦叵鄲邸：退麄冊谝黄皙q如呼吸到一口新鮮空氣。從他們身上我看到的愛是不一樣的。我就想,這樣的愛我也有。你永遠(yuǎn)都無法知道生活會(huì)給你什么,但是認(rèn)為婚姻永遠(yuǎn)不能白頭偕老、不值得一試可就是很危險(xiǎn)的看法了?；橐隹梢蚤L久?；橐隹梢越?jīng)得起很多潛在的災(zāi)難,能持續(xù)一生,我未來的公公婆婆就是明證。Myrelationshipwithmyfianceisnotperfect.Butitisfantastic．Beingwithhimbringsoutabetterandhappierversionofme．Hemakesmelaughharderthananyoneelse．Wehaveahealthyandwonderfulwayofcommunicating．Butmostimportantly,Ilovehimwithoutcondition．AndhelovesmeforwhoIamwithoutjudgment,withoutcomplainingabouthowmessyIamorgettingannoyedathowcrazyandneuroticIcanbe．Wealwaysputeachotherfirstandalwaysmaketimeforeachothernomatterhowbusyourworldgets．HeisasexcitedasIamtogetmarried,andtogetherweareconfidentinourcompatibilityandourabilitytolastforever．Wehavetheexampleofhisparentsandmine,examplestolearnfrom,whatmistakesnottomake,andhowtocreateastablefoundationthatwilllastbeyondthepresenttime．我和未婚夫的關(guān)系不完美,但很美妙。和他在一起讓我變得更好、更開心。他能讓我開懷大笑,而別人做不到。我們之間的交流很健康、很棒。但最為重要的是,我對他的愛是無條件的。他對我的愛就是因?yàn)槲疫@個(gè)人,不帶有任何判斷,不抱怨我不講究整潔,也不會(huì)對我有時(shí)候的神經(jīng)過敏而煩惱。我們總是能先為對方著想,不管我們多忙也總能為彼此找出時(shí)間。對結(jié)婚他和我一樣興奮,我們共同堅(jiān)信彼此合得來,能夠攜手到永遠(yuǎn)。我們有他的父母和我的雙親為例,有借鑒的事例,知道哪些錯(cuò)誤不能犯,知道如何創(chuàng)造穩(wěn)定的基礎(chǔ),讓其超越現(xiàn)在。Oneday,Imaylookbackwithstale,wrinkledeyesandseeasillylittlegirlwhodidn’tknowwhatshewastalkingabout．Onedaymyrelationshipmaynotbeaswonderfulasitisnow．ButIamnotgoingtogointomarriagewaitingforeverythingtofallapart．I’mnotplanningaheadformydivorceorimaginingmyselfasawalkingstatistic。WhenIsay"Ido,"IamsayingIpromisetoloveforever；not"untilthisisn’tperfectandlwantout．"Imeanforever．有一天,我或許會(huì)用千癟、皺紋環(huán)繞的眼睛回顧現(xiàn)在,看到一個(gè)傻丫頭,她不知道自己在說什么。我們的關(guān)系有一天或許不像現(xiàn)在這樣好。但我不會(huì)在走進(jìn)婚姻殿堂時(shí)就想著一切都有瓦解的時(shí)候。我不會(huì)為自己的離婚先作準(zhǔn)備,或把自己想象成活的數(shù)據(jù)。當(dāng)我說"我愿意"的時(shí)候,我是在說我保證永遠(yuǎn)地愛他,而不是"到了感覺不完美的時(shí)候我就想退出"。我的意思是永遠(yuǎn)。Whenlwasyounger,Idreamedaboutgettingmarried．Idressedupinmymom’sweddingdressandveil,putonridiculousamountsofpoorly-placedpinkblush,carriedabouquetoffakeflowersfromthevaseonthekitchentableandthoughtabouthowwonderfulitwouldbetodothatforreal．IknownowthatthedreamIhadofmarriedlifewasalittletoooptimisticandhopefultosaytheleast.我小的時(shí)候就夢想過結(jié)婚。我穿上媽媽的婚紗和面紗,臉上亂涂上很多粉紅色的胭脂,從廚房花瓶里拿出一束假花,還想那要是真的該多好。我現(xiàn)在知道我夢中的婚姻生活有點(diǎn)太樂觀,至少抱的希望太大。NowIhaveagorgeousweddingdressofmyown．I’llwearitproudlyandsay"Ido!"anddanceandeatcakethatcostswaytoomuchmoney．Iwillenjoythatoneamazingdaywithallofmybeing．ButIknowthatdaywillend,andonceit’sover,Ihavetomakeplansforthefuture,andmyhusbandandlwillhavetoworkhardtoreachourmutualgoals．AndI’lltrywitheverythingIamtoprovetoeveryonethatwecanmakeitwork,tomakethe6-year-oldversionofmeproud．現(xiàn)在我自己有一件絕好的婚禮服。我會(huì)自豪地穿上,而且說"我愿意",跳舞,吃那價(jià)錢不菲的蛋糕,會(huì)全身心地享受這美好的日子。但我知道這一天是會(huì)結(jié)束的,一旦結(jié)束,我就得籌劃未來。丈夫和我得辛勤地工作,去實(shí)現(xiàn)我們共同的目標(biāo)。我會(huì)盡自己的一切向他人證明我們的婚姻運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)很好,讓6歲就想做新娘的我自豪。So,forallofyoudivorcedfolkoutthere,orthoseofyouunhappilymarried,orthosewhoarejustplaincynical,Iamsorrythatyouaren’tcrazyinloveanymore.I’msorryifyouneverfoundsomeonewhomakesyoucatchyourbreath.Butfornow,letmehavemyfun,letmebackinthegloryofridiculous,consuming,delicious,beautiful,wonderful,once-in-a-lifetimelove．Youdon'thavetotellmewhatIalreadyknow.Fornow,justletmebehappy.因此,我很抱歉,你們這些離婚的人,婚姻不幸的人,還有那些只是玩世不恭的人,因?yàn)槟銈儾辉贌釕?。如果你們從來沒有找到讓你興奮得屏氣的人,我只能再次說聲抱歉了。是但現(xiàn)在,就讓我享有自己的快樂,讓我沐浴在這有點(diǎn)荒謬、強(qiáng)烈、有趣怡人、美麗、精彩、而且一生只有一次的愛河中。你大可不必告訴我那些我已經(jīng)知道的東西。你們暫且就讓我高興一回吧。..UnitThree：HealthTextA：TracingtheCigarette’sPathFromSexytoDeadly追尋煙草的歷程：從性感到致命HOWARDMARKEL,M.D.霍華德.馬克爾.醫(yī)學(xué)博士FormanyAmericans,thetobaccoindustry’sdising