2023年考研考博-考博英語-江蘇大學考試歷年真題摘選含答案解析

2023年考研考博-考博英語-江蘇大學考試歷年真題摘選含答案解析第1卷一.綜合題(共15題)1.不定項選擇題Intheworldofentertainment,TVtalkshowshaveundoubtedlyfloodedeveryinchofspaceondaytimetelevision.Andanyonewhowatchesthemregularlyknowsthateachonevariesinstyleandformat.Butnotwoshowsaremoreprofoundlyoppositeincontent,whileatthesametimestandingoutabovetherest,thantheJerrySpringerandtheOprahWinfreyshow.JerrySpringercouldeasilybeconsideredthekingof“trashtalk”.Thetopicsonhisshowareasshockingasshockingcanbe.Forexample,theshowtakestheever-commontalkshowthemesoflove,sex,cheating,guilt,hate,conflictandmoralitytoadifferentlevel.Clearly,theJerrySpringershowisadisplayandexploitationofsociety’smoralcatastrophe,yetpeoplearewillingtoeatuptheintriguingpredicamentsofotherpeople’slives.LikeJerrySpringer,OprahWinfreytakesTVtalkshowtoitsextreme,butOprahgoesintheoppositedirection.Theshowfocusesontheimprovementofsocietyandanindividual’squalityoflife.Topicsrangefromteachingyourchildrenresponsibility,managingyourworkweek,togettingtoknowyourneighbors.ComparedwithOprah,theJerrySpringershowlookslikepoisonouswastebeingdumpedonsociety.Jerryendseverwitha“finalword”.Hemakesasmallspeechthatsumsuptheentiremoraloftheshow.Hopefully,thisisthepartwheremostpeoplewilllearnsomethingveryvaluable.Cleanasitis,theOprahshowisnotforeveryone.Theshow’smaintargetaudiencesaremiddle-classAmericans.Mostofthesepeoplehavethetime,money,andstabilitytodealwithlife’stougherproblems.JerrySpringer,ontheotherhand,hasmoreofanassociationwiththeyoungadultsofsociety.Theseare18to20yearoldswhosemaintroublesinlifeinvolveloverelationship,sex,moneyandpeers.Theyaretheoneswhoseesomevalueandlessonstobelearnedunderneaththeshow’sexploitation.Whilethetwoshowsareasdifferentasnightandday,bothhaveruledthetalkshowcircuitformanyyearsnow.Eachonecaterstoadifferentaudiencewhilebothhaveastrongfollowingfromlargegroupsoffans.Ironically,bothcouldalsobeconsideredpioneersinthetalkShowworld.1.ComparedwithotherTVtalkshows,boththeJerrySpringerandtheOprahWinfreyshowsare______.2.ThoughthesocialproblemsJerrySpringertalksaboutappeardistasteful,theaudience______.3.WhichofthefollowingislikelytobeatopicoftheOprahWinfreyshow?4.Despitetheirdifferentapproaches,thetwotalkshowsareboth______.5.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatthetwotalkshows______.問題1選項A.morefamily-orientedB.relativelyformalC.moreprofoundD.unusuallypopular問題2選項A.remainfascinatedbythemB.arereadytofaceuptothemC.remainindifferenttothemD.arewillingtogetinvolvedinthem問題3選項A.Anewtypeofrobot.B.Racisthatred.C.Familybudgetplanning.D.Streetviolence.問題4選項A.ironicalB.sensitiveC.instructiveD.cynical問題5選項A.havemonopolizedthetalkshowcircuitB.exploittheweaknessesinhumannatureC.appearatdifferenttimesofthedayD.aretargetedatdifferentaudiences2.單選題Aroundtwominutesafterlaunch,theboostersoneithersideoftheshuttlewillfallaway,followedshortlyafterwardsbythegiantexternalfueltank______tothespaceship.問題1選項A.claspedB.strappedC.hinderedD.clustered3.單選題Itwasverydifficulttofindthepartsneededtodothejobbecauseofthe______waythestorewasorganized.問題1選項A.logicalB.haphazardC.orderlyD.tidy4.單選題Thetalkshavebecome______withbothsidesrefusingtocompromiseanyfurther.問題1選項A.irrationalB.irreconcilableC.irreparableD.irreplaceable5.翻譯題I’vecometoappreciatethatlifehasitsowntimetable.Ittakesninemonthstomakeababy,2lyearstomakeanadult.Ittakesalongtimetobecomeagoodviolinistordownhillskier.Italsotakestimetobecomeasuccess—andevenmoretimetobecomeasuccessasaperson.Perhapsthelastthingforcontrollingimpatienceistoexamineyourowncontributiontoit.Areyouunwillingtograntchildrentimetolearn,orslowpeopletimetoaccomplishatask?Ifimpatienceisonlyoccasional,yourannoyancewillpass.Butifyou’realmostalwaysirritableandabrupt,youmaywellfeelthatyou’rejusttooimportanttoeverbekeptwaitingforanyoneoranything.You’renot,ofcourse;noneofusare.Ifwecanacceptthattheworldisourstoenjoybutnotmadeforourconvenience,we’llbebetterabletomovethroughitequably,morepatientwiththeordinaryvicissitudesoflifeandagoodcompaniontoourfellowhumanbeings—andtoourselves.6.單選題Excitedandunafraid,the______childexaminedthestrangerwithbright-eyedcuriosity.問題1選項A.empatheticB.drowsyC.hesitantD.inquisitive7.單選題Literacyinthecountryhasincreased,withtheliterateproportionofthepopulationrisingto52.1%from43.6%adecadeago.問題1選項A.influentialB.educatedC.diligentD.sophisticated8.單選題Thegirlwasso______thattheycouldfoolhereasily.問題1選項A.incredibleB.credibleC.credulousD.creditable9.單選題Thenumberofthetickets______willbedeterminedbythesizeofthestadium.問題1選項A.adaptableB.acceptableC.advisableD.available10.不定項選擇題Youheartherefrainallthetime:theU.S.economylooksgoodstatistically,butitdoesn’tfeelgood.Whydoesn’tever-greaterwealthpromoteever-greaterhappiness?Itisaquestionthatdatesatleasttotheappearancein1958ofTheAffluentSocietybyJohnKennethGalbraith,whodiedrecentlyat97.TheAffluentSocietyisamodernclassicbecauseithelpeddefineanewmomentinthehumancondition.Formostofhistory,“hunger,sickness,andcold”threatenednearlyeveryone,Galbraithwrote.“Povertywasfoundeverywhereinthatworld.Obviouslyitisnotofours.”AfterWorldWarⅡ,thedreadofanotherGreatDepressiongavewaytoaneconomicboom.Inthe1930sunemploymenthadaveraged18.2percent;inthe1950sitwas4.5percent.ToGalbraith,materialismhadgonemadandwouldbreeddiscontent.Throughadvertising,companiesconditionedconsumerstobuythingstheydidn’treallywantorneed.Becausesomuchspendingwasartificial,itwouldbeunfulfilling.Meanwhile,governmentspendingthatwouldmakeeveryonebetteroffwasbeingcutdownbecausepeopleinstinctively—andwrongly—labeledgovernmentonlyas“anecessaryevil”.It’softensaidthatonlythericharegettingahead;everyoneelseisstandingstillorfallingbehind.Well,therearemanyundeserving,rich—overpaidchiefexecutives,forinstance.Butoveranymeaningfulperiod,mostpeople’sincomesareincreasing.From1995to2004,inflation-adjustedaveragefamilyincomerose14.3percent,to$43,200.Peoplefeel“squeezed”becausetheirrisingincomesoftendon’tsatisfytheirrisingwants—forbiggerhomes,morehealthcare,moreeducation,fasterInternetconnections.Theothergreatfrustrationisthatithasnoteliminatedinsecurity.Peopleregardjobstabilityaspartoftheirstandardofliving.Ascorporatelayoffsincreased,thatparthaseroded.Moreworkersfearthey’vebecome“thedisposableAmerican”,asLouisUchitelleputsitinhisbookbythesamename.Becausesomuchprevioussufferingandsocialconflictstemmedfrompoverty,thearrivalofwidespreadaffluencesuggestedutopianpossibilities.Uptoapoint,affluencesucceeds.Thereismuchlessphysicalmiserythanbefore.Peoplearebetteroff.Unfortunately,affluencealsocreatesnewcomplaintsandcontradictions.Advancedsocietiesneedeconomicgrowthtosatisfythemultiplyingwantsoftheircitizens.Butthequestforgrowthletsloosenewanxietiesandeconomicconflictsthatdisturbthesocialorder.Affluenceliberatestheindividual,promisingthateveryonecanchooseauniquewaytoself-fulfillment.Butthepromiseissoextravagantthatitpredestinesmanydisappointmentsandsometimesinspireschoicesthathaveanti-socialconsequences,includingfamilybreakdownandobesity.Statisticalindicatorsofhappinesshavenotrisenwithincomes.Shouldwebesurprised?Notreally.We’vesimplyreaffirmedanoldtruth:thepursuitofaffluencedoesnotalwaysendwithhappiness.1.WhatquestiondoesJohnKennethGalbraithraiseinhisbookTheAffluentSociety?2.AccordingtoGalbraith,peoplefeeldiscontentedbecause______.3.Whydopeoplefeelsqueezedwhentheiraverageincomerisesconsiderably?4.WhatdoesLouisUchitellemeanby“thedisposableAmerican”(Para.5)?5.WhathasaffluencebroughttoAmericansociety?問題1選項A.Whystatisticsdon’ttellthetruthabouttheeconomy.B.Whyaffluencedoesn’tguaranteehappiness.C.Howhappinesscanbepromotedtoday.D.Whatliesbehindaneconomicboom.問題2選項A.publicspendinghasn’tbeencutdownasexpectedB.thegovernmenthasprovedtobeanecessaryevilC.theyareinfearofanotherGreatDepressionD.materialismhasrunwildinmodernsociety問題3選項A.Theirmaterialpursuitshavegonefaraheadoftheirearnings.B.Theirpurchasingpowerhasdroppedmarkedlywithinflation.C.Thedistributionofwealthisunevenbetweentherichandthepoor.D.HeathcareandeducationalCosthavesomehowgoneoutofcontrol.問題4選項A.Thosewhoseejobstabilityaspartoftheirlivingstandard.B.Peoplefullofutopianideasresultingfromaffluence.C.PeoplewhohavelittlesayinAmericanpolitics.D.Workerswhonolongerhavesecurejobs.問題5選項A.Renewedeconomicsecurity.B.Asenseofself-fulfilment.C.Newconflictsandcomplaints.D.Miseryandanti-socialbehavior.11.單選題Doctorsareoftenenmeshedinadilemmabecausetheyhavetodecidewhethertheyshouldtelltheirpatientsthetruthornot.問題1選項A.caughtinB.caughtupC.stuckonD.adheredto12.不定項選擇題TherewilleventuallycomeadaywhenTheNewYorkTimesceasestopublishstoriesonnewsprint.Exactlywhenthatdaywillbeisamatterofdebate.“Sometimeinthefuture,”thepaper’spublishersaidbackin2010.Nostalgiaforinkonpaperandtherustleofpagesaside,there’splentyofincentivetoditchprint.Theinfrastructurerequiredtomakeaphysicalnewspaper—printingpresses,deliverytrucks—isn’tjustexpensive;it’sexcessiveatatimewhenonline-onlycompetitorsdon’thavethesamesetoffinancialconstraints.Readersaremigratingawayfromprintanyway.Andthoughprintadsalesstilldwarftheironlineandmobilecounterparts,revenuefromprintisstilldeclining.Overheadmaybehighandcirculationlower,butrushingtoeliminateitsprinteditionwouldbeamistake,saysBuzzFeedCEOJonahPeretti.PerettisaystheTimesshouldn’twastetimegettingoutoftheprintbusiness,butonlyiftheygoaboutdoingittherightway.“Figuringoutawaytoacceleratethattransitionwouldmakesenseforthem,”hesaid,“butifyoudiscontinueit,you’regoingtohaveyourmostloyalcustomersreallyupsetwithyou.”Sometimesthat’sworthmakingachangeanyway.PerettigivestheexampleofNetflixdiscontinuingitsDVD-mailingservicetofocusonstreaming.“Itwasseenasablunder,”hesaid.Themoveturnedouttobeforesighted.AndifPerettiwereinchargeattheTimes?“Iwouldn’tpickayeartoendprint,”hesaid.“Iwouldraisepricesandmakeitintomoreofalegacyproduct.”Themostloyalcustomerswouldstillgettheproducttheyfavor,theideagoes,andthey’dfeelliketheywerehelpingsustainthequalityofsomethingtheybelievein.“Soifyou’reoverpayingforprint,youcouldfeellikeyouwerehelping,”Perettisaid.“Thenincreaseitatahigherrateeachyearandessentiallytrytogenerateadditionalrevenue.”Inotherwords,ifyou’regoingtomakeaprintproduct,makeitforthepeoplewhoarealreadyobsessedwithit.WhichmaybewhattheTimesisdoingalready.Gettingtheprinteditionsevendaysaweekcostsnearly$500ayear—morethantwiceasmuchasadigital-onlysubscription.“It’sareallyhardthingtodoandit’satremendousluxurythatBuzzFeeddoesn’thavealegacybusiness,”Perettiremarked.“Butwe’regoingtohavequestionslikethatwherewehavethingswe’redoingthatdon’tmakesensewhenthemarketchangesandtheworldchanges.Inthosesituations,it’sbettertobemoreaggressivethanlessaggressive.”1.TheNewYorkTimesisconsideringendingit’sprinteditionpartlydueto______.2.Perettisuggeststhatinfaceofthepresentsituation,TheTimesshould______.3.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraphs5and6thata”legacyproduct”______.4.Perettibelievesthatinachangingworld______.5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?問題1選項A.theincreasingonlineandsalesB.thepressurefromitsinvestorsC.thecomplaintsfromitsreadersD.thehighcostofoperation問題2選項A.makestrategicadjustmentsB.endtheprintseditionforgoodC.seeknewsourcesofleadershipD.aimforefficientmanagement問題3選項A.helpsrestorethegloryofformertimesB.ismeantforthemostloyalcustomersC.willhavethecostofprintingreducedD.expandsthepopularityofthepaper問題4選項A.traditionalluxuriescanstayunaffectedB.cautiousnessfacilitatesproblem-solvingC.aggressivenessbettermeetschallengesD.legacybusinessesarebecomingoutdated問題5選項A.ShifttoOnlineNewspapersallatOnce.B.CherishtheNewspapersStillinYourHand.C.KeepYourNewspapersForeverinFashion.D.MakeYourPrintNewspapersaLuxuryGood.13.單選題Likeanoldladyplayingthe______maiden,theseniorpoliticiankeptthemediaandthepublicguessingaboutherpolicyintentionsatthepressconference.問題1選項A.domesticB.toughC.modestD.coy14.不定項選擇題Flightsimulator(飛行模擬器)referstoanyelectronicormechanicalsystemfortrainingairplaneandspacecraftpilotsandcrewmemberbysimulatingfightconditions.Thepurposeofsimulationisnottocompletelysubstitute(1)actualfighttrainingbuttothoroughlyfamiliarizestudentswiththevehicle(2)beforethey(3)extensiveandpossiblydangerousactualflighttraining.Simulationsalsoisusefulforreviewandforfamiliarizingpilotswithnew(4)toexistingcraft.TwoearlyflightsimulatorsappearedinEnglandwithinadecadeafterthefirstfightofOrvilleandWilburWright.Theyweredesignedtoenablepilotstostimulatesimpleaircraft(5)inthreedimensions:noseupordown;leftwinghighandrightlow,orviceversa;and(6)toleftorright.Ittookuntil1929,however,foratrulyeffectivesimulator,theLinkTrainer,toappear,devisedbyEdwinA.Link,aself-educatedaviatorandinventorfromBinghamton,NewYork.(7),airplaneinstrumentationhadbeendevelopedsufficientlytopermit“blind”flyingoninstrumentsalone,buttrainingpilotstodosoinvolved(8)risk.Linkbuiltamodelofanairplanecockpitequipped(9)instrumentpanelandcontrolsthatcouldrealisticallystimulateallthemovementsofanairplane.Pilotscouldusethedeviceforinstrumenttraining,manipulatingthecontrols(10)instrumentreadingssoastomaintainstraightandlevelflightor(11)climbordescentwithnovisualreference(12)anyhorizonexceptfortheartificialoneontheinstrumentpanel.Thetrainerwasmodified(13)aircrafttechnologyadvanced.CommercialairlinesbegantousetheLinkTrainerforpilottraining,andtheUSgovernmentbeganpurchasingthemin1934,(14)thousandsmoreasWorldWarII(15).問題1選項A.forB.toC.withD.on問題2選項A.concerningB.concernC.beingconcernedD.concerned問題3選項A.undertakeB.undergoC.underplayD.underuse問題4選項A.modelsB.modificationsC.modifiersD.modicum問題5選項A.manifestationsB.manipulationsC.manifestoesD.maneuvers問題6選項A.yawlingB.yawningC.yawingD.yawping問題7選項A.FromthenonB.FromnowonC.BynowD.Bythen問題8選項A.considerableB.considerateC.consideringD.considered問題9選項A.forB.inC.withD.on問題10選項A.OnthepartofB.OnthebasisofC.OnthetrackofD.Onthevergeof問題11選項A.controlB.controllableC.controlledD.controller問題12選項A.toB.forC.onD.in問題13選項A.asforB.astoC.asD.for問題14選項A.acquiringB.requiringC.sustainingD.retaining問題15選項A.realizedB.realizingC.approachingD.approached15.單選題Inbusinessto-businessmarkets,salesofsomesoftwareproductslanguishbecausenotenoughindependentsoftwarevendorswriteapplications.問題1選項A.advertiseB.lastC.declineD.dominate第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】第1題:D第2題:A第3題:C第4題:C第5題:D【解析】1.【選項釋義】1.ComparedwithotherTVtalkshows,boththeJerrySpringerandtheOprahWinfreyshowsare______.1.與其他電視脫口秀節(jié)目相比，無論是杰瑞?施普林格還是奧普拉?溫弗瑞的節(jié)目都是______。A.morefamily-orientedA.更多的以家庭為中心的B.relativelyformalB.相對正式的C.moreprofoundC.更深刻的D.unusuallypopularD.異常受歡迎【考查點】細節(jié)事實題?！窘忸}思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第一段最后一句“但沒有哪兩個節(jié)目在內(nèi)容上比杰瑞?施普林格和奧普拉?溫弗瑞的脫口秀更截然相反，同時又在其他節(jié)目中脫穎而出（atthesametimestandingoutabovetherest）”可知，杰瑞?施普林格和奧普拉?溫弗瑞的脫口秀節(jié)目都是脫穎而出的，即非常受歡迎，該題選擇D項“異常受歡迎”符合題意?！靖蓴_項排除】A項“更多的以家庭為中心的”、B項“相對正式的”和C項“更深刻的”并不是杰瑞?施普林格和奧普拉?溫弗瑞的脫口秀節(jié)目的共同特點，這三項屬于無中生有。2.【選項釋義】2.ThoughthesocialproblemsJerrySpringertalksaboutappeardistasteful,theaudience______.2.雖然杰瑞?施普林格談論的社會問題令人不快，但觀眾______。A.remainfascinatedbythemA.保持對它們的興趣B.arereadytofaceuptothemB.準備好面對他們C.remainindifferenttothemC.對他們保持冷漠D.arewillingtogetinvolvedinthemD.愿意參與其中【考查點】細節(jié)事實題?！窘忸}思路】根據(jù)第二段最后一句“顯然，杰瑞?施普林格的節(jié)目是對社會道德災難的展示和利用，但人們樂于接受別人生活中有趣的困境”理解可知，觀眾對杰瑞?施普林格的節(jié)目中談論的社會問題保持興趣，A項“保持對它們的興趣”符合題意?！靖蓴_項排除】B項“準備好面對他們”和D項“愿意參與其中”沒有提到，這兩項屬于無中生有；C項“對他們保持冷漠”與原文相反，該項屬于反向干擾。3.【選項釋義】3.WhichofthefollowingislikelytobeatopicoftheOprahWinfreyshow?3.以下哪項可能會成為奧普拉?溫弗瑞的節(jié)目的話題？A.Anewtypeofrobot.A.一種新型機器人。B.Racisthatred.B.種族仇恨。C.Familybudgetplanning.C.家庭預算計劃。D.Streetviolence.D.街頭暴力?！究疾辄c】推理判斷題?！窘忸}思路】根據(jù)第三段最后兩句“這個節(jié)目聚焦于社會和個人生活質(zhì)量的提高。話題范圍從教你的孩子的責任，管理你的工作周，到了解你的鄰居。”從中理解可知，奧普拉?溫弗瑞的節(jié)目主要討論的話題是關于人們生活質(zhì)量的提高，C項“家庭預算計劃”是屬于其中一個方面，故該題選擇C項符合題意?！靖蓴_項排除】A項“一種新型機器人”是屬于科技方面的話題，不是奧普拉?溫弗瑞的節(jié)目可能討論到的，該項屬于無中生有；B項“種族仇恨”和D項“街頭暴力”是杰瑞?施普林格的節(jié)目可能討論到的話題，這兩項屬于張冠李戴。4.【選項釋義】4.Despitetheirdifferentapproaches,thetwotalkshowsareboth______.4.盡管他們的方式不同，這兩個脫口秀節(jié)目都是______。A.ironicalA.諷刺的B.sensitiveB.敏感的C.instructiveC.有啟發(fā)性的D.cynicalD.憤世嫉俗的【考查點】推理判斷題?！窘忸}思路】根據(jù)第三段第二句“這個節(jié)目（奧普拉脫口秀）聚焦于社會和個人生活質(zhì)量的提高”，以及第四段內(nèi)容“杰瑞總是以‘最后一句話’結尾。他做了一個簡短的演講，總結了整個節(jié)目的寓意。希望這是大多數(shù)人能學到非常有價值的東西的部分。”可知，奧普拉脫口秀和杰瑞脫口秀同樣都傳遞了有價值的東西給受眾群體，可推斷，這兩個脫口秀都是具有啟發(fā)意義的，該題選擇C項“有啟發(fā)性的”符合題意?！靖蓴_項排除】A項“諷刺的”、B項“敏感的”和D項“憤世嫉俗的”都不是兩個脫口秀的共同特點，這三項屬于曲解原文。5.【選項釋義】5.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatthetwotalkshows______.5.我們可以從文章中得知這兩個脫口秀______。A.havemonopolizedthetalkshowcircuitA.壟斷了脫口秀的線路B.exploittheweaknessesinhumannatureB.利用人性中的弱點C.appearatdifferenttimesofthedayC.出現(xiàn)在一天的不同時間D.aretargetedatdifferentaudiencesD.針對不同的受眾【考查點】細節(jié)事實題?！窘忸}思路】根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容“雖然這兩個節(jié)目有著天壤之別，但它們都主宰了脫口秀圈多年。每一個脫口秀都迎合了不同的受眾群體，但都擁有龐大的粉絲群體。具有諷刺意味的是，兩人都被認為是脫口秀領域的先驅(qū)?！笨芍@兩個脫口秀面對的是不同的受眾群體，D項“針對不同的受眾”符合題意?！靖蓴_項排除】A項“壟斷了脫口秀的線路”，這兩個脫口秀是脫口秀領域的先驅(qū)，但這不意味著壟斷，該項屬于曲解原文；B項“利用人性中的弱點”和C項“出現(xiàn)在一天的不同時間”沒有提到，這兩項屬于無中生有。2.【答案】B【解析】【選項釋義】A.clasped握緊；扣緊B.strapped用帶子系（或捆、扎、扣）好C.hindered阻礙；妨礙D.clustered群聚；聚集【考查點】動詞辨析。【解題思路】根據(jù)關鍵詞thegiantexternalfueltank（巨大外部燃料箱）和spaceship（飛船），結合常識可知，燃料箱是緊緊固定在飛船上的，故空格處表示“固定”符合句意，B項詞義符合該意思，故該題選擇B項。【干擾項排除】A、C、D項不符合句意?！揪湟狻堪l(fā)射大約兩分鐘后，航天飛機兩側的助推器將脫落，緊隨其后的是固定在飛船上的巨大外部燃料箱。3.【答案】B【解析】【選項釋義】A.logical合乎情理的；合乎常理的B.haphazard無秩序的；無計劃的C.orderly整潔的；有秩序的D.tidy整潔的；整齊的【考查點】形容詞辨析?！窘忸}思路】根據(jù)主句的句意“很難找到做這項工作所需的零件”可知，the______waythestorewasorganized指的是商品擺放的方式雜亂無章，B項符合句意，故該題選擇B項?！靖蓴_項排除】A、C、D項不符合句意?！揪湟狻恳驗樯痰陻[放的方式雜亂無章，很難找到做這項工作所需的零件。4.【答案】B【解析】【選項釋義】A.irrational不合邏輯的；沒有道理的B.irreconcilable矛盾的；不可調(diào)和的C.irreparable無法彌補的；不能修復的D.irreplaceable（因貴重或獨特）不能替代的【考查點】形容詞辨析?！窘忸}思路】根據(jù)關鍵信息withbothsidesrefusingtocompromiseanyfurther（雙方都拒絕進一步妥協(xié)）可知，這次談判是不可調(diào)和的，B項符合句意，故該題選擇B項?！靖蓴_項排除】A、C、D項不符合句意?！揪湟狻坑捎陔p方都拒絕進一步妥協(xié)，談判變得不可調(diào)和。5.【答案】我已經(jīng)開始欣賞生活有它自己的時間表。9個月就能生個孩子，21年就能長大成人。要成為一名優(yōu)秀的小提琴家或滑降選手需要很長時間。成功也需要時間，甚至要花費更多的時間來成為一個成功的人。也許控制不耐煩的最后一件事是檢查你自己對它的貢獻。你是不愿意給孩子學習的時間，還是不愿意給慢吞吞的人完成任務的時間？如果只是偶爾不耐煩，那么你的煩惱就會過去。但如果你幾乎總是易怒和唐突，那么你很可能會覺得自己太重要，以至于不應該等待任何人或任何事。當然，你不是最重要的，我們都不是最重要的。如果我們能接受這個世界是我們享受的，而不是為我們的便利而創(chuàng)造的，我們就能更好地平靜度過，對普通的生活變遷更有耐心，并成為我們?nèi)祟愅臀覀冏约旱暮冒閭H。6.【答案】D【解析】【選項釋義】A.empathetic體恤別人感受的；感同身受的B.drowsy困倦的；昏昏欲睡的C.hesitant猶豫的；躊躇的D.inquisitive好奇的；好學的【考查點】形容詞辨析。【解題思路】根據(jù)關鍵信息withbright-eyedcuriosity（睜著明亮好奇的眼睛）可知，______child指的是“好奇的孩子”，故該題選擇D項符合句意?！靖蓴_項排除】A、B、C項都不符合句意。【句意】這個好奇的孩子感到興奮而不害怕，睜著明亮的眼睛好奇地打量著那個陌生人。7.【答案】B【解析】【選項釋義】A.influential有很大影響的B.educated受過教育的C.diligent孜孜不倦的；勤勉的D.sophisticated見多識廣的；老練的【考查點】形容詞辨析?！窘忸}思路】literacy表示“讀寫能力”，literate是literacy的形容詞形式，那么literate表示“有讀寫能力的”，即受過教育的，B項詞義與之相近，故該題選擇B項?！靖蓴_項排除】A、C、D項不符合劃線單詞詞義?！揪湟狻吭搰淖R字率有所提高，識字人口比例從十年前的43.6%上升到52.1%。8.【答案】C【解析】【選項釋義】A.incredible不能相信的；難以置信的B.credible可信的；可靠的C.credulous輕信的；易受騙的D.creditable值得贊揚的；應當認可的【考查點】形容詞辨析。【解題思路】根據(jù)后半句theycouldfoolhereasily（他們很容易就能騙過她）可知，這個女孩很容易上當受騙，故該題選擇C項符合句意。【干擾項排除】A、B、D項不符合句意?！揪湟狻磕莻€女孩很容易上當，他們很容易就能騙過她。9.【答案】D【解析】【選項釋義】A.adaptable有適應能力的；能適應的B.acceptable認同的；認可的C.advisable明智的；可取的D.available可獲得的【考查點】形容詞辨析?！窘忸}思路】分析句子可知，句子主謂賓成分完整，空格處應該填入一個形容詞作后置定語修飾tickets，按照句意“_____的門票數(shù)量將根據(jù)體育場的大小而定”可知，空格處是指“能夠獲得的”門票數(shù)量，故該題選擇D項?！靖蓴_項排除】A、B、C項不符合句意?！揪湟狻块T票的數(shù)量將根據(jù)體育場的大小而定。10.【答案】第1題:B第2題:D第3題:A第4題:D第5題:C【解析】1.【選項釋義】1.WhatquestiondoesJohnKennethGalbraithraiseinhisbookTheAffluentSociety?1.約翰?肯尼斯?加爾布雷斯在他的《富裕社會》一書中提出了什么問題？A.Whystatisticsdon’ttellthetruthabouttheeconomy.A.為什么統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)不能反映經(jīng)濟的真相。B.Whyaffluencedoesn’tguaranteehappiness.B.為什么富裕并不能保證幸福。C.Howhappinesscanbepromotedtoday.C.如何在今天提升幸福。D.Whatliesbehindaneconomicboom.D.經(jīng)濟繁榮背后的原因?！究疾辄c】細節(jié)事實題?！窘忸}思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第一段第二、三句“為什么越來越多的財富不能帶來越來越多的幸福呢？這個問題至少可以追溯到1958年約翰?肯尼斯?加爾布雷斯所著的《富裕社會》一書?！崩斫饪芍?，約翰?肯尼斯?加爾布雷斯在他的《富裕社會》一書中提出了為什么越來越多的財富不能帶來越來越多的幸福這個問題，B項“為什么富裕并不能保證幸?！狈项}意?！靖蓴_項排除】A項“為什么統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)不能反映經(jīng)濟的真相”、C項“如何在今天提升幸?！焙虳項“經(jīng)濟繁榮背后的原因”都不是在《富裕社會》一書中提出的問題，這三項屬于無中生有。2.【選項釋義】2.AccordingtoGalbraith,peoplefeeldiscontentedbecause______.2.加爾布雷斯認為，人們感到不滿是因為______。A.publicspendinghasn’tbeencutdownasexpectedA.公共支出并沒有像預期的那樣被削減B.thegovernmenthasprovedtobeanecessaryevilB.政府已經(jīng)被證明是必定邪惡C.theyareinfearofanotherGreatDepressionC.他們擔心另一場大蕭條D.materialismhasrunwildinmodernsocietyD.現(xiàn)代社會物質(zhì)主義泛濫成風【考查點】細節(jié)事實題?！窘忸}思路】根據(jù)第二段第一句“在加爾布雷斯看來，物質(zhì)主義已經(jīng)變得非常瘋狂（materialismhadgonemad），并且會滋生不滿情緒”理解可知，人們感到不滿是因為物質(zhì)主義泛濫，該題選擇D項“現(xiàn)代社會物質(zhì)主義泛濫成風”符合題意。【干擾項排除】A項“公共支出并沒有像預期的那樣被削減”根據(jù)第三段最后一句“與此同時，本可以讓每個人生活更好的政府開支卻被削減了，因為人們本能地且錯誤地將政府貼上了‘必定邪惡’的標簽”可知，公共支出被削減了，該項屬于反向干擾；B項“政府已經(jīng)被證明是一個必要的邪惡”，這只是人們?yōu)檎N的標簽，與人們不滿無關，該項屬于曲解原文；C項“他們擔心另一場大蕭條”沒有提到，該項屬于無中生有。3.【選項釋義】3.Whydopeoplefeelsqueezedwhentheiraverageincomerisesconsiderably?3.為什么當平均收入大幅增長時，人們會感到壓力？A.Theirmaterialpursuitshavegonefaraheadoftheirearnings.A.他們的物質(zhì)追求遠遠超過了他們的收入。B.Theirpurchasingpowerhasdroppedmarkedlywithinflation.B.他們的購買力隨著通貨膨脹而明顯下降。C.Thedistributionofwealthisunevenbetweentherichandthepoor.C.財富在富人和窮人之間分配不均。D.HeathcareandeducationalCosthavesomehowgoneoutofcontrol.D.醫(yī)療保健和教育費用不知何故已失去控制?！究疾辄c】細節(jié)事實題?！窘忸}思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第四段最后一句“人們感到‘被擠壓’，因為他們不斷增長的收入往往無法滿足他們不斷增長的需求——更大的房子，更多的醫(yī)療保健，更多的教育，更快的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)連接”理解可知，人們會感到壓力是因為不斷增長的收入無法滿足不斷增長的物質(zhì)需求，A項“他們的物質(zhì)追求遠遠超過了他們的收入”符合題意?！靖蓴_項排除】B項“他們的購買力隨著通貨膨脹而明顯下降”，人們的物質(zhì)需求不斷增長，也就是說購買力會增加，該項屬于反向干擾；C項“財富在富人和窮人之間分配不均”和D項“醫(yī)療保健和教育費用不知何故已失去控制”沒有提到，這兩項屬于無中生有。4.【選項釋義】4.WhatdoesLouisUchitellemeanby“thedisposableAmerican”(Para.5)?4.路易斯?烏奇特利在第5段所說的“被拋棄的美國人”是什么意思？A.Thosewhoseejobstabilityaspartoftheirlivingstandard.A.把工作穩(wěn)定性視為生活標準的一部分。B.Peoplefullofutopianideasresultingfromaffluence.B.因富裕而充滿烏托邦思想的人。C.PeoplewhohavelittlesayinAmericanpolitics.C.在美國政治上幾乎沒有發(fā)言權的人。D.Workerswhonolongerhavesecurejobs.D.不再有穩(wěn)定工作的人?！究疾辄c】細節(jié)事實題。【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第五段“人們把工作穩(wěn)定性視為生活水平的一部分。隨著公司裁員的增加，這部分已經(jīng)被侵蝕。越來越多的工人擔心自己成為‘被拋棄的美國人’，正如路易斯?烏奇特利在他的同名書中所說的那樣?！睆闹欣斫饪芍?，“被拋棄的美國人”指的是因為公司裁員而被迫失業(yè)，即失去穩(wěn)定的工作，D項“不再有穩(wěn)定工作的人”符合題意?！靖蓴_項排除】A項“把工作穩(wěn)定性視為生活標準的一部分”是成為“被拋棄的美國人”的原因，而不是其暗含的意思，該項屬于曲解原文；B項“因富裕而充滿烏托邦思想的人”和“被拋棄的美國人”無關，該項屬于出處錯位；C項“在美國政治上幾乎沒有發(fā)言權的人”原文沒有提到，該項屬于無中生有。5.【選項釋義】5.WhathasaffluencebroughttoAmericansociety?5.富裕給美國社會帶來了什么？A.Renewedeconomicsecurity.A.新的經(jīng)濟安全。B.Asenseofself-fulfilment.B.自我實現(xiàn)的感覺。C.Newconflictsandcomplaints.C.新的沖突和抱怨。D.Miseryandanti-socialbehavior.D.痛苦和反社會行為?！究疾辄c】細節(jié)事實題?！窘忸}思路】根據(jù)第六段最后一句“不幸的是，富裕也產(chǎn)生了新的抱怨和矛盾”可知，富裕給美國社會帶來了新的抱怨和矛盾，C項“新的沖突和抱怨”符合題意?！靖蓴_項排除】A項“新的經(jīng)濟安全”和B項“自我實現(xiàn)的感覺”沒有提到，這兩項屬于無中生有；D項“痛苦和反社會行為”根據(jù)第六段二、三句“在某種程度上，富裕是成功的。身體上的痛苦比以前少了很多。”可知，富裕減輕了痛苦，該項與原文相反，屬于反向干擾。11.【答案】A【解析】【選項釋義】A.caughtin被……困住，絆住B.caughtup趕上C.stuckon保持在……之上；貼上D.adheredto堅持；黏附【考查點】詞組辨析。【解題思路】根據(jù)關鍵詞dilemma可知，enmeshedin是指“陷入”的意思，A項詞義與之相近，故該題選擇A項?！靖蓴_項排除】B、C、D項詞義不符合句中所選詞匯。【句意】醫(yī)生常常陷入進退兩難的境地，因為他們必須決定是否應該告訴他們的病人真相。12.【答案】第1題:D第2題:A第3題:B第4題:C第5題:D【解析】1.【選項釋義】1.TheNewYorkTimesisconsideringendingit’sprinteditionpartlydueto______.1.《紐約時報》正考慮終止印刷版，部分原因是______。A.theincreasingonlineandsalesA.在線版和銷量的增長B.thepressurefromitsinvestorsB.來自投資者的壓力C.thecomplaintsfromitsreadersC.讀者的抱怨D.thehighcostofoperationD.印刷成本高【考查點】細節(jié)事實題?！窘忸}思路】首先定位首段首句“終有一天，《紐約時報》會停止在報紙上發(fā)表文章”可知，這是題干的同義表達，然后第二段第二句解釋了其具體原因“制造紙質(zhì)報紙所需要的基礎設施——印刷機、送貨卡車——不僅昂貴；而且一個只提供在線服務的競爭對手卻沒有這樣的經(jīng)濟上的限制，這是過分的”，從中可知，《紐約時報》正考慮終止印刷版，部分原因是因為印刷成本昂貴，D項“印刷成本高”符合題意。【干擾項排除】A項“在線版和銷量的增長”、B項“來自投資者的壓力”、C項“讀者的抱怨”沒有提到，這三項屬于無中生有。2.【選項釋義】2.Perettisuggeststhatinfaceofthepresentsituation,TheTimesshould______.2.佩雷蒂建議，面對目前的情況，《紐約時報》應該______。A.makestrategicadjustmentsA.進行戰(zhàn)略調(diào)整B.endtheprintseditionforgoodB.永遠停止印刷煽動C.seeknewsourcesofleadershipC.尋找新的領導資源D.aimforefficientmanagementD.追求高效率的管理【考查點】細節(jié)事實題?！窘忸}思路】根據(jù)關鍵詞Peretti定位至第四段第一句“佩雷蒂說，《紐約時報》不應該浪費時間退出印刷版業(yè)務，但必須采取正確的方式”，理解可知，佩雷蒂建議《紐約時報》應該找到一種正確的方法來解決這件事情，所以A項“進行戰(zhàn)略調(diào)整”符合題意?！靖蓴_項排除】B項“永遠停止印刷煽動”，原文提到佩雷蒂認為不應該浪費時間退出印刷版業(yè)務，所以該項屬于反向干擾；C項“尋找新的領導資源”和D項“追求高效率的管理”沒有提到，這兩項屬于無中生有。3.【選項釋義】3.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraphs5and6thata”legacyproduct”______.3.從第5段和第6段可以推斷“傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品”______。A.helpsrestorethegloryofformertimesA.幫助恢復昔日的榮耀B.ismeantforthemostloyalcustomersB.是針對最忠實的客戶C.willhavethecostofprintingreducedC.印刷成本會降低D.expandsthepopularityofthepaperD.擴大報紙的受歡迎程度【考查點】推理判斷題。【解題思路】首先定位第五段最后一句“我不會選擇一年結束印刷業(yè)，我會提高價格，讓它更像一款傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品”可以看出，佩雷蒂認為不僅要提高傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品的價格，還要將它變?yōu)橐环N可以傳承的產(chǎn)物，接著第六段開頭提到“最忠實的客戶仍然會得到他們喜歡的產(chǎn)品，他們會覺得他們在幫助維持他們所相信的東西的質(zhì)量”，然后提到如果每年增加一些比例，依舊可以創(chuàng)收，緊接著提到“如果你要做一個印刷產(chǎn)品，那就為那些已經(jīng)對它著迷的人做吧”，綜合理解可知，對于最忠實的客戶來說，如果把傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品進行改造，那么對于他們來說這就是一件可以傳承的東西，由此推斷，“傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品”是針對最忠實的客戶，該題選擇B項“是針對最忠實的客戶”符合題意?！靖蓴_項排除】A項“幫助恢復昔日的榮耀”和C項“印刷成本會降低”沒有提到，該項屬于無中生有；D項“擴大報紙的受歡迎程度”，“傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品”針對的是忠實的客戶，讓這個產(chǎn)品變成可以傳承的東西，并沒有擴大受歡迎程度，該項屬于曲解原文。4.【選項釋義】4.Perettibelievesthatinachangingworld______.4.佩雷蒂認為，在一個不斷變化的世界，______。A.traditionalluxuriescanstayunaffectedA.傳統(tǒng)奢侈品不會受到影響B(tài).cautiousnessfacilitatesproblem-solvingB.謹慎有助于解決問題C.aggressivenessbettermeetschallengesC.積極進取能更好地迎接挑戰(zhàn)D.legacybusinessesarebecomingoutdatedD.傳統(tǒng)企業(yè)正在變得過時【考查點】細節(jié)事實題?！窘忸}思路】根據(jù)原文末段最后兩句“但我們會有這樣的問題，當市場和世界變化時，我們正在做的事情沒有意義。在這種情況下，積極進取總比不那么積極進取要好（it’sbettertobemoreaggressivethanlessaggressive）?！笨芍?，佩雷蒂認為，在一個不斷變化的世界，tobemoreaggressive（積極進取）才更好處理世界變化帶來的挑戰(zhàn)，C項“積極進取能更好地迎接挑戰(zhàn)”符合題意。【干擾項排除】A項“傳統(tǒng)奢侈品不會受到影響”表述過于絕對，該項屬于曲解原文；B項“謹慎有助于解決問題”在佩雷蒂的觀點中沒有體現(xiàn)，相反他建議要有所改變，并且要采取正確的方式，該項屬于反向干擾；D項“傳統(tǒng)企業(yè)正在變得過時”中的legacybusinesses（傳統(tǒng)企業(yè)）沒有在文中討論，該項屬于無中生有。5.【選項釋義】5.Whichofthefollowing