2023年考研考博-考博英語-西南政法大學(xué)考試歷年真題摘選含答案解析

2023年考研考博-考博英語-西南政法大學(xué)考試歷年真題摘選含答案解析第1卷一.綜合題(共15題)1.單選題Youshoulddimyourlightsinordernottodazzlethe（

）traffic.問題1選項A.meetingB.facingC.advancingD.oncoming2.翻譯題Wemustcontinuewiththereformintaxandfeeinruralareastolightentheburdensoffarmersandprotecttheirinterests.Chinadoesnotseekhegemonyorpredominanceinworldaffairs.Itadvocatesanewinternationalpoliticalandeconomicorder.Ifwedonotcrackdownoncorruption,theflesh-and-bloodtiesbetweenthePartyandthepeoplewillsufferalotandthePartywillbeindangeroflosingitsrulingposition,orpossiblyheadingforself-destruction.Nobodyinanysector,publicorprivate,shouldofferbenefitsunlessforagoodreason.Damsareadramaticexampleofahumanactivitythatdegradesfreshwaterecosystems.3.單選題Farmersinthedevelopingworldhatepricefluctuations.Itmakesithardtoplanahead.Butmostofthemhavelittlechoice:theysellatthepricethemarketsets.FarmersinEurope,theUSandJapanareluckier:theyreceivemassivegovernmentsubsidiesintheformofguaranteedpricesordirecthandouts.LastmonthU.S.PresidentBushsignedanewfarmbillthatgivesAmericanfarmers$190billionoverthenext10years,or$83billionmorethantheyhadbeenscheduledtoget,andpushesU.S.agriculturalsupportclosetocrazyEuropeanlevels.Bushsaidthestepwasnecessaryto“promotefarmerindependenceandpreservethefarmwayoflifeforgenerations”.ItisalsodesignedtohelptheRepublicanPartywincontroloftheSenateinNovember’smid-termelections.Agriculturalproductioninmostpoorcountriesaccountsforupto50%ofGDP,comparedtoonly3%inrichcountries.Butmostfarmersinpoorcountriesgrowjustenoughforthemselvesandtheirfamilies.ThosewhotryexportingtotheWestfindtheirgoodswhackedwithhugetariffsorcompetingagainstcheapersubsidizedgoods.In1999theUnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopmentconcludedthanforeachdollardevelopingcountriesreceiveinaidtheyloseupto$14justbecauseoftradebarriersimposedontheexportoftheirmanufacturedgoods.It’snotasifthedevelopingworldwantsanyfavors,saysGeraldSsendwula,Uganda'sMinisterofFinance.“Whatwewantisfortherichcountriestoletuscompete.”AgricultureisoneofthefewareasinwhichtheThirdWorldcancompete.Landandlaborarecheap,andasfanningmethodsdevelop,newtechnologiesshouldimproveoutput.Thisisnopie-in-the-skyspeculation.ThebiggestsuccessinKenva’seconomyoverthepastdecadehasbeentheboominexportsofcutflowersandvegetablestoEurope.Butthatmayallchangein2008,whenKenyawillbeslightlytoorichtoqualifyforthe“l(fā)east-developedcountry”statusthatallowsAfricanproducerstoavoidpayingstiffEuropeanimportdutiesonselectedagriculturalproducts.Withtradebarriersinplace,thehorticultureindustryinKenyawillshrivelasquicklyasdiscardedrose.Andwhileagricultureexportsremainthegreathopeforpoorcountries,reducingtradebarriersinothersectorsalsoworks:AfricanGrowthandOpportunityAct,whichcutsdutiesonexportsofeverythingfromhandicraftstoshoes,hasprovedaboontoAfrica’smanufacturers.Thelesson:theThirdWorldcanprosperiftherichworldgivesitafairgo.ThisiswhatmakesBush’sdecisiontoincreasefarmsubsidieslastmonthallthemoredepressing.Poorcountrieshavelongsuspectedthattherichworldurgestradeliberalizationonlysoitcanwangleitswayintonewmarkets.SuchsuspicionscausedtheSeattletradetalkstobreakdownthreeyearsago.ButlastNovembermembersoftheWorldTradeOrganization,meetinginDoha.Qatar,finallyagreedtoanewroundoftalksdesignedtoopenupglobaltradeinagricultureandtextiles.Richcountriesassuredpoorcountriesthattheirconcernswerefinallybeingaddressed.Bush’shandoutlastmonthmakesalieofAmerica’scommitmenttothesetalksandhispersonaldevotiontofreetrade.1.Bycomparison,farmers（

）receivemoregovernmentsubsidiesthanother.2.Inadditiontotheeconomicconsiderations,thereisa（

）motivebehindBush’ssigningofthenewbill.3.Themessagethewriterattemptstoconveythroughoutthepassageisthat（

）.4.Thewriter’sattitudetowardsnewfarmsubsidiesintheU.S.is（

）.問題1選項A.inthedevelopingworldB.inJapanC.inEuropeD.inAmerica問題2選項A.partisanB.socialC.financialD.cultural問題3選項A.poorcountriesshouldbegivenequalopportunitiesintradeB.“theleastdevelopedcountry”statusbenefitsagriculturalcountriesC.poorcountriesshouldremovetheirsuspicionsabouttradeliberalizationD.farmersinpoorcountriesshouldalsoreceivethebenefitofsubsidies問題4選項A.favorableB.ambiguousC.criticalD.reserved.4.單選題Radarisusedtoextendthe（

）ofman'ssensesforobservinghisenvironment,especiallythesenseofvision.問題1選項A.validityB.liabilityC.capabilityD.intensity5.單選題Ifyourevealyourfriend’ssecrets,youwill（

）him.問題1選項A.lureB.disturbC.alienateD.control6.翻譯題繼續(xù)推進農(nóng)村稅費改革，減輕農(nóng)民負擔，保護農(nóng)民利益。1996年，世界上海拔最高的現(xiàn)代化的、多功能的大型圖書館西藏自治區(qū)圖書館建成開館。中國不尋求霸權(quán)或支配世界事務(wù)，而是倡導(dǎo)建立國際政治經(jīng)濟新秩序。不堅決懲治腐敗，黨同人民群眾的血肉聯(lián)系就會受到嚴重損害，黨的執(zhí)政地位就有喪失的危險，黨就有可能走向自我毀滅。維護祖國統(tǒng)一事關(guān)中華民族的根本利益。中國人民將義無反顧地捍衛(wèi)國家主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整，絕不允許任何人以任何方式把臺灣從中國分裂出去。7.單選題Doyouagreewiththesayingthatthemonkeywasthe（

）ofhumanrace?問題1選項A.offspringB.successorC.breederD.predecessor8.單選題Thetouristsaidthattheanimalbelongedtoa（

）thathehadn'tseenbefore.問題1選項A.speciesB.specimenC.spectrumD.sample9.單選題Astheywatchedthematch,thecrowd（

）inunison.問題1選項A.chantedB.croonedC.crowedD.harmonized10.翻譯題PutthefollowingpassagesintoChinese:

Thenextsourceoflawthathastobeconsiderediscaselaw,theeffectivecreationandrefinementoflawinthecourseofjudicialdecisions.ItshouldberememberedthattheUnitedKingdom'slawisstillacommonlawsystemandeveniflegislationisofeverincreasingimportance,thesignificanceandeffectivenessofjudicialcreativityshouldnotbediscounted.Judicialdecisionsareasourceoflawthroughtheoperationofthedoctrineofjudicialprecedents.Thisprocessdependsontheestablishedhierarchyofthecourts,andoperatesinsuchawaythatgenerallyacourtisboundbytheratiodecidendiorruleoflawimplicitinthedecisionofacourtaboveitinthehierarchyandusuallybyacourtofequalstandinginthehierarchy.Wherestatutelawdoescoveraparticularareaorwherethelawissilentgenerallyitwillbenecessaryforacourtdecidingcasesrelatingtosuchanareatodeterminewhatthelawisand,insodoing,thatcourtwillinescapablyandunarguablybecreatinglaw.Thescopeforjudicialcreativityshouldnotbeunderestimatedanditshouldberememberedthatthetaskofinterpretingtheactualmeaningoflegislationinparticularcasesalsofallsinthejudiciaryandprovidesitwithafurtherimportantareaofdiscretionaiycreativity.Thecharacteristicterritorialunitservedbytheprosecutor’sofficeisthecounty:inafewstates,largerdistricts,composedofseveralcounties,arefound.Manycountieshavesolittlecriminalbusiness(otherthanminorviolationsprosecutedbylocalorstatepolicewithouttheaidoftheprosecutor)that,evenwhenthecivillitigationtowhichthecountyisaparty,aswellasothercountylegalwork,areaddedtotheprosecutor’sfunctions,astheycommonlyare,thepostofcountyattorneyisstillonlyapart-timeonewithcompensationofteninadequatetoattractisstillonlyapart-timeonewithcompensationofteninadequatetoattracttheestablishedlawyersofthecounty.Thepostthustendstofalltoapoliticallyactiveyounglawyerstillengagedinbuildinghispractice;anditisnotsurprisingthatheoftentendstoregarditasprimarilyashort-termmeansofprofessionalorpoliticaladvancement.Underthesecircumstances,anythinglikeacareerofficial’sapproachtotheofficeisunlikely.Thecurewouldseemtobeinplacingtheprosecutor'sofficeonadistrictinsteadofacountybasis,thedistrictbeinglargeenoughtowarrantafull-timeprosecutorwithadequatecompensationandadequatestaff.11.單選題Mrs.Lackeywasawakenedbytheringingofthebedsidephone12hoursafterherhusband’sboathadbeen（

）.問題1選項A.wreckedB.collapsedC.decayedD.fired12.單選題TheforeignstudentinChinais（

）withagooddealofChineseculture.問題1選項A.scatteredB.overflowedC.permeatedD.manipulated13.單選題Theywereaccusedof（

）tooverthrowthegovernmentandweresentencedtojail.問題1選項A.intrigueB.conspiracyC.plotD.sin14.單選題Thepromiseoffindinglong-termtechnologicalsolutionstotheproblemofworldfoodshortagesseemsdifficulttofulfill.Manyinnovationsthatwereonceheavilysupportedandpublicized,suchasfish-proteinconcentrateandproteinfromalgaegrownonpetroleumsubstrates:hassincefallenbythewayside.Theproposalsthemselvesweretechnicallyfeasible;buttheyprovedtobeeconomicallyunviableandtoyieldfoodproductsculturallyunacceptabletotheirconsumers.Recentinnovationssuchasopaque-2maize,Antarctickrill,andthewheat-ryetriticaleseemmorepromising,butitistooearlytopredicttheirultimatefate.Onecharacteristiccommontounsuccessfulfoodinnovationshasbeenthat,evenwithextensivegovernmentsupport,theyoftenhavenotbeentechnologicallyadaptedorculturallyacceptabletothepeopleforwhomtheyhadbeendeveloped.Asuccessfulnewtechnology,therefore,mustfittheentiresocio-culturalsysteminwhichitistofindaplace.Securityofcropyield,practicalityofstorage,palatability,andcostsaremuchmoresignificantthanhadpreviouslybeenrealizedbytheadvocatesofnewtechnologies.Forexample,thebetterproteinqualityintortillasmadefromopaque-2maizewillbeofonlylimitedbenefittoafamilyonthemarginofsubsistenceifthenewmaizeisnotculturallyacceptableorismorevulnerabletoinsects.Theadoptionofnewfoodtechnologiesdependsonmorethanthesetechnicalandculturalconsiderations;economicfactorsandgovernmentalpoliciesalsostronglyinfluencetheultimatesuccessofanyinnovation.EconomistsintheAnglo-Americantraditionhavetakentheleadininvestigatingtheeconomicsoftechnologicalinnovation.Althoughtheyexaggerateinclaimingthatprofitabilityisthekeyfactorguidingtechnicalchange—theycompletelydisregardthesubstantialeffectsofculture—theyarecorrectinstressingtheimportanceofprofits.Mosttechnologicalinnovationsinagriculturecanbellyusedonlybylargelandownersandareonlyadoptediftheseprofit-orientedbusinesspeoplebelievethattheinnovationwillincreasetheirincomes.1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwasabletoassessthetruthofwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutopaque-2maize?2.ThepassagementionsallofthefollowingasfactorsimportanttothesuccessofanewfoodcropEXCEPTthe（

）.3.Accordingtothepassage,theuseofAntarctickrillasafoodisaninnovationwhosefutureis（

）.

4.Thefirstparagraphofthepassagebestsupportswhichofthefollowingstatements?問題1選項A.Itcanbestoredaseasilyasothervarietiesofmaize.B.Itismorepopularthanthewheat-ryehybridtriticale.C.Itproducestortillasofgreaterproteincontentthandoothervarietiesofmaize.D.Itismoresusceptibletoinsectsthanareothervarietiesofmaize.問題2選項A.practicalityofstorageofthecropB.securityofthecropyieldC.qualityofthecrop'sproteinD.culturalacceptabilityofthecrop問題3選項A.basicallygloomybutstilluncertainB.somewhatpromisingbutverytentativeC.generallybrightandvirtuallyassuredD.tiedtotheSuccessofopaque-2maize問題4選項A.Toomuchpublicitycanharmthechancesforthesuccessofanewfoodinnovation.B.Innovationsthatproduceculturallyacceptablecropswillgenerallybesuccessful.C.Afood-productinnovationcanbetechnicallyfeasibleandstillnotbeeconomicallyviable.D.Itisdifficulttodecidewhetherafood-productinnovationhasactuallybeenasuccess.15.翻譯題TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish

夫妻財產(chǎn)同樣屬于共同財產(chǎn)。刑法不得溯及既往。法院駁回了原告的訴訟主張。他對債務(wù)負主要責任。本合同的任何改動或修正必須作為書面方能產(chǎn)生效力。第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】D【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項meeting“會面，會合”；B選項facing“面朝的，對面的”；C選項advancing“前進的，年長的”；D選項oncoming“接近的，迎面而來的”。句意：為了不使迎面而來的車輛眼花繚亂，你應(yīng)該把燈調(diào)暗。選項D符合語境。2.【答案】為了減輕農(nóng)民的負擔和保護他們的利益，我們一定要繼續(xù)進行農(nóng)村稅費改革。中國在世界事務(wù)中不謀求霸權(quán)或主導(dǎo)地位。它主張一個新的國際政治和經(jīng)濟秩序。如果我們不打擊腐敗，那么黨和人們之間的血肉聯(lián)系將會深受其害，并且黨將會處于失去其執(zhí)政地位的危險之中或可能走向自我毀滅。除非有正當?shù)睦碛?，否則任何部門(公共的或私人的)沒有人應(yīng)該提供福利。水壩是人類活動使淡水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)退化的一個引人注目的例子。3.【答案】第1題:C第2題:A第3題:A第4題:C【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第三句“LastmonthU.S.PresidentBushsignedanewfarmbillthatgivesAmericanfarmers$190billionoverthenext10years,or$83billionmorethantheyhadbeenscheduledtoget,andpushesU.S.agriculturalsupportclosetocrazyEuropeanlevels.上個月，美國總統(tǒng)布什簽署了一項新的農(nóng)業(yè)法案，將在未來10年向美國農(nóng)民提供1900億美元的資金，比原計劃多出830億美元，并將美國的農(nóng)業(yè)援助提高到接近歐洲的瘋狂水平?！庇纱丝芍?，歐洲農(nóng)民得到的政府補貼比其他國家都多，所以選項C正確。2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“ItisalsodesignedtohelptheRepublicanPartywincontroloftheSenateinNovember’smid-termelections.該法案還旨在幫助共和黨在11月中旬的選舉中贏得參議院的控制權(quán)。”由此可知，選項A“黨派的”正確。3.作者意圖題。本題可采用排除法。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“It’snotasifthedevelopingworldwantsanyfavors,saysGeraldSsendwula,Uganda'sMinisterofFinance.‘Whatwewantisfortherichcountriestoletuscompete.’烏干達財政部長GeraldSsendwula說，發(fā)展中國家并不需要任何幫助?！覀兿Ｍ辉易屛覀儏⑴c競爭?！庇纱丝芍x項A“應(yīng)該給貧窮國家平等的貿(mào)易機會”符合原文；根據(jù)第三段第四句“但這一切可能在2008年發(fā)生改變，屆時肯尼亞將略微富裕到?jīng)]有資格獲得“最不發(fā)達國家”的地位，而“最不發(fā)達國家”的地位允許非洲生產(chǎn)商對某些農(nóng)產(chǎn)品免征高額的歐洲進口稅?！庇纱丝芍?，選項B“‘最不發(fā)達國家’的地位有利于農(nóng)業(yè)國家”不符合原文；根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Bush’shandoutlastmonthmakesalieofAmerica’scommitmenttothesetalksandhispersonaldevotiontofreetrade.布什上個月的農(nóng)業(yè)補貼使得美國對這些會談的承諾以及布什個人對自由貿(mào)易的熱愛成為一個謊言?！庇纱丝芍?，選項C“窮國應(yīng)該消除對貿(mào)易自由化的懷疑”不正確；根據(jù)第二段“1999年，聯(lián)合國貿(mào)易和發(fā)展會議的結(jié)論是，發(fā)展中國家每獲得1美元的援助，就會損失多達14美元，原因僅僅是對其制成品出口設(shè)置了貿(mào)易壁壘?！庇纱丝芍毟F國家的農(nóng)民并沒有得到補貼的好處，所以選項D錯誤。只有選項A表述是正確。4.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Bush’shandoutlastmonthmakesalieofAmerica’scommitmenttothesetalksandhispersonaldevotiontofreetrade.布什上個月的農(nóng)業(yè)補貼使得美國對這些會談的承諾以及布什個人對自由貿(mào)易的熱愛成為一個謊言。”由此可知，作者的態(tài)度是批判的。選項C正確。4.【答案】C【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項validity“有效性，正確性”；B選項liability“責任，可能性”；C選項capability“才能，能力”；D選項intensity“強度”。句意：雷達是用來擴展人們觀察環(huán)境的感知能力，特別是視覺感知能力。選項C符合語境。5.【答案】C【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項lure“誘惑”；B選項disturb“打擾，妨礙”；C選項alienate“使疏遠”；D選項control“控制”。句意：如果你揭露朋友的秘密，你將會和他疏遠。選項C符合句意。6.【答案】Continuetopushforwardthereformofruraltaxesandfees,toalleviatefarmers’burdensandprotecttheinterestsofthefarmers.In1996,alargemodemandmulti-functionallibraryofthehighestelevationintheworld,namelytheTibetAutonomousRegionLibrary,wasbuiltandopened.Chinadoesnotseekhegemonyordominanceoverworldaffairs,butadvocatestoestablishanewinternationalpoliticalandeconomicorder.Withoutresolutelypunishingcorruption,theflesh-bloodrelationshipbetweenourPartyandthepeoplewillbeseverelydamaged,therulingstatusofourPartyruntheriskoflossandourPartyislikelytoheadtowardself-destruction.TosafeguardnationalunitybearsonthefundamentalinterestoftheChinesenation.WeChinesepeoplewillsafeguardourstatesovereigntyandterritorialintegritywithfirmresolve.WewillneverallowanyonetoseparateTaiwanfromChinainanyway.7.【答案】D【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項offspring“后代，子孫”；B選項successor“繼承者”；C選項breeder“飼養(yǎng)員，繁殖者”；D選項predecessor“前身，祖先”。句意：你同意猴子是人類祖先的說法嗎?選項D符合句意。8.【答案】A【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項species“物種”；B選項specimen“樣品，標本”；C選項spectrum“光譜”；D選項sample“樣本”。句意：游客說這種動物是他以前從未見過的物種。選項A符合句意。9.【答案】A【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項chant“歌唱，頌揚”；B選項croon“低吟，輕哼”；C選項crow“打鳴”；D選項harmonize“協(xié)調(diào)”。句意：當他們在觀看比賽的時候，人群齊聲歌唱。選項A更符合語境。10.【答案】下一個要考慮的法律來源是判例法，它是在司法判決的過程中對法律有效創(chuàng)新和完善。我們應(yīng)該牢記，英國的法律仍然是普通法體系，所以即使立法日益重要，司法創(chuàng)新的意義和有效性卻不容低估。司法判決成為法源，貫穿整個司法判例教義的執(zhí)行過程中。這樣的過程依賴于己建立的法院層級體系，而且以這樣的方式運作，即通常某個法院受到隱含于這個層級體系中上級法院的判決中的判決依據(jù)和法律條文的約朿，而且也一般受到這個層級體系中同等地位的法院的約束。法院有必要，在處理涉及法令沒有包含的特殊領(lǐng)域或法律通常沒有記載的領(lǐng)域的案件吋，決定適用的法律并執(zhí)行。這就是法院正在對法律進行創(chuàng)新，而這是法院無法逃避也無可爭辯的職責。我們不應(yīng)該低估司法創(chuàng)新的適用范圍，且應(yīng)該牢記，在特定的情況下，法律的解釋任務(wù)也會落在司法機關(guān)身上，因此，我們要給予司法機關(guān)在重要領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的自由裁量權(quán)。檢察院所管轄的特殊區(qū)域包括各州、區(qū)的縣。許多縣的犯罪活動較少，一些輕微違法行為，直接由當?shù)鼗蛑菥炱鹪V，無須檢方介入。全縣作為訴訟主體的民事訴訟以及其它縣的法律事務(wù)波納入檢察官的職責范圍之內(nèi)。通常情況下，縣檢察官一職為兼職，所以微薄的薪水不足以留住他們。同樣微薄的薪酬對現(xiàn)有的縣級律師同樣沒有吸引力。因此，這一崗位易于淪為思想活躍、有政治野心的年輕律師職業(yè)生涯的奠基石。經(jīng)常有年輕的律師把它看成是其專業(yè)水平提升與政治地位晉升的一種主要的短線戰(zhàn)略手段，這一現(xiàn)象并不奇怪。在這樣的背景之下，任何人想通過這一方式進入到政府機關(guān)都是不大可能的。改善這一現(xiàn)狀的辦法就是將人員安置在區(qū)檢察院而不是縣級檢察院。因為區(qū)檢察院的檢察官是全職人員，有不錯的薪酬，有足夠的工作人員。11.【答案】A【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項wrecked“破壞，毀滅，船舶失事”；B選項collaps