北師大版專題8語法填空

2017年高考試題及模擬題分項解析之專題8語法填空1.【2017·新課標(biāo)I】閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Therehasbeenarecenttrendinthefoodserviceindustrytowardlowerfatcontentandlesssalt.Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity（醫(yī)學(xué)界）61amethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedside62(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired63(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.Whenfatandsalt64(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifismissingsomething.As65result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.Even66(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.Fastfood67(be)fulloffatandsalt;by68(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack(吃點心)betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood.However,be69(care)nottogotoextremes.Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,70isnotgoodforthehealth.62.effects考查單復(fù)數(shù)。分析語境可知作者表達的意思是“一些不為人知的副作用”，根據(jù)前文的some可知“副作用sideeffect”有很多，故填effects。63.toprocess考查不定式。句意：他們被要求加工食物require表示“要求”，requiresb.todosth.表示“要求某人做某事”，被動形式為“sb.berequiredtodosth.”，表示“某人被要求做某事”。故填toprocess。64.areremoved考查被動語態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)脂肪和鹽分從食物中被去掉分析可知fat，salt和move之間是被動關(guān)系，脂肪和鹽分是被人們?nèi)サ簦杂帽粍诱Z態(tài)。故填areremoved。65.a考查冠詞。固定短語asaresult表示“結(jié)果”，句意：結(jié)果，人們將吃更多的食物去彌補損失的東西。故填a。66.worse考查比較級。句意：更糟糕的是，人們所吃快餐的數(shù)量增加了。故填worse。67.is考查主謂一致。句意：快餐食物中充滿了脂肪和鹽。fastfood的意思是“快餐”，表示一類食物，為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。故填is。68.eating考查動名詞。句意：通過吃更多的快餐，人們將在飲食中攝入超過需求量的脂肪和鹽。根據(jù)前文中的by可知此處應(yīng)該填名詞，所以填eat的動名詞形式。故填eating?！久麕燑c睛】語法填空題的考查形式為：在一篇200詞左右的語篇（短文或?qū)υ挘┲辛舫?0處空白，部分空白的后面給出單詞的基本形式，要求考生根據(jù)上下文填寫空白處所需的內(nèi)容或所提供單詞的正確形式，所填寫詞語不得多于3個單詞。考生須靈活運用語法知識，如單詞詞性、單詞時態(tài)、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)、連接詞、代詞、冠詞等判斷各空白處應(yīng)填寫的內(nèi)容。具體考查形式有以下幾種：一、給出動詞基本形態(tài)，填寫詞性詞形轉(zhuǎn)化(轉(zhuǎn)為名詞、形容詞)，或填寫謂語部分，可能需要填寫兩個或三個詞，或是填寫非謂語動詞；二、給出形容詞，需要填寫比較級、最高級，或詞性詞形轉(zhuǎn)化，轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞，或是填寫反義詞(前綴)；三、給出副詞，填寫比較級、最高級，或是填寫反義詞；四、不給提示詞，主要填寫介詞、連詞、冠詞和代詞。有提示詞：考查謂語動詞，非謂語動詞，形容詞，副詞例如第62題hashadsomeunintendedside62(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease，給出了提示詞effect?？忌梢詮脑~性變化和單復(fù)數(shù)兩方面考慮，effect可變?yōu)樾稳菰~effective，變?yōu)楦痹~effectively，分析語境可知劃線處應(yīng)該填名詞，不需要做詞性上的變化。所以考生可以從單復(fù)數(shù)方面考慮，根據(jù)劃線處前的some可知應(yīng)該填名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。所以考生可以確定正確答案為effects。無提示詞：考查冠詞，介詞，連詞，代詞 例如第70題itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,70isnotgoodforthehealth.【文章大意】本文是一篇人物類記敘文，介紹了SarahThomas在學(xué)業(yè)和誘人的職業(yè)面前所做出的選擇，她認為在青少年時期學(xué)業(yè)要放在首位。61.resting考查非謂語動詞。固定短語：spendtimedoingsth62.a考查冠詞。model是可數(shù)名詞，前面沒有限定詞，而此處泛指“一個”，故填a。63.wastold 考查動詞。根據(jù)句意判斷謂語動詞應(yīng)該用一般過去時的被動形式，主語Sarah是第三人稱單數(shù)，故填wastold。【名師點睛】語法填空要求考生閱讀一篇短文，然后按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求完成10道語法填空題。做題要求：一是在空格處填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~；二是使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空。純空格題一般要填冠詞、介詞、連詞、代詞等，如果是物主代詞，則空后需跟名詞，比如66題。而有提示詞的需要根據(jù)語境，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷所填詞的詞性，再確定所填詞的形式。例如67題，several是修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞的詞，所以判斷后面用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。4.【2017·浙江卷】閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。LastOctober,whiletendinghergardeninMora,Sweden,LenaPahlssonpulledoutahandfulofsmall56(carrot)andwasabouttothrowthemaway.Butsomethingmadeherlookcloser,andshenoticeda57(shine)object.Yes,therebeneaththeleafytopofonetinycarrotwasherlong-lostweddingring.Pahlssonscreamed58loudlythatherdaughtercamerunningfromthehouse.“shethoughtIhadhurt59(I),”saysPahlssonSixteenyears60(early),Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondring61(cook)ameal.Whenshewantedtoputtheringbackonlater,itwasgone.Shesuspectedthatoneofherthreedaughters—thenten,eight,andsix—hadpickeditup,butthegirlssaidtheyhadn't.Pahlssonandherhusband62(search)thekitchen,checkingeverycorner,butturnedupnothing.“Igaveuphopeoffindingmyringagain,"shesays.Sheneverreplacedit.Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygot63(sweep)intoapileofkitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegarden,64itremaineduntilthecarrot’sleafytopaccidentallysprouted(生長)throughit.ForPahlsson,itsreturnwas65wonder.【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了LenaPahlsson在花園里采摘胡蘿卜時，找到了丟失已久的結(jié)婚戒指的那種失而復(fù)得心情?？疾槊~。根據(jù)“onetinycarrotwasherlong-lostweddingring.”，及“ahandfulof”，可知用名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故填carrots?？疾樾稳菰~?！皊henoticeda57(shine)object”a為冠詞，object為名詞，橫線處應(yīng)填寫形容詞。故填shiny或shining。考查固定句式。根據(jù)“Pahlssonscreamed58loudlythatherdaughtercamerunningfromthehouse”，so…that,如此…以至于，故填so?？疾榇~。Ihadhurt59(I)，主語為I,橫線處為賓語，替代主語時，應(yīng)用代詞。故填myself?？疾樾稳菰~。saysPahlssonSixteen

years

60

(early)，用形容詞比較級修飾Sixteen

years，Sixteenyearsearlier16年前；故填earlier?？疾閯釉~不定式。Pahlsson

hadremoved

the

diamond

ring

61

(cook)

a

meal，一個句子不能出現(xiàn)雙重謂語，所以用不定式表目的狀語。故填tocook?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)。根據(jù)“but

turned

up

nothing”，可知句子為過去時，“Pahlsson

and

her

husband

62

(search)

the

kitchen”故填searched?？疾閯釉~?！癙ahlsson

and

her

husband

now

think

the

ring

probably

got

63

(sweep)

into

a

pile

of

kitchen

rubbish”，ring與sweep之間是被動關(guān)系，故填swept?！久麕燑c睛】在語法填空中，我們要特別注意詞性轉(zhuǎn)換題。如本文的57題，“shenoticeda57(shine)object”，句中a為冠詞，object為名詞，橫線處應(yīng)填寫形容詞。故填shiny或shining。詞類轉(zhuǎn)換題要先確定所要填的單詞在句中的成分。技巧1：作表語、定語或補語，通常用形容詞形式。技巧2：作主語，或在及物動詞或介詞后作賓語，用名詞形式。技巧3：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞，或整個句子，作狀語，用副詞形式。技巧4：括號中所給詞為動詞時，也不一定是考動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)或非謂語動詞，

有可能考詞類轉(zhuǎn)換；若是形容詞或副詞，有可能考查其比較級或最高級。技巧5：詞義轉(zhuǎn)換題。詞類不一定要變，主要是考查具有與詞根意義相反的派生詞，需根據(jù)句子意思及前后邏輯關(guān)系，在詞根前加un-,

im-，il-,

ir-，in-,

non-,

dis-等，在詞根后加-less等。

考點：考查語法填空5.In1990,over100countriessigned1.________internationalagreementtomakeitillegaltobuyorsellivory,whichismainlyusedforjewellery.Mostivoryismadefromthetusks(長牙)ofAfricanelephants.Thesetusksare2.________(terrible)valuable—onepairisworthmorethanthreetimestheincomeofanAfricanfarmerorfactoryworkerinayear.Huntingelephantswassoprofitable3.________from1979to1989thenumberofelephantsinAfricanfellfrom1.3millionto600，000.Itwasfearedthatbytheyear2000therewouldbenone4.________(leave)．However,thankstotheinternationalagreement,there5.________(be)muchlessillegalhuntingsince1990.Butconsidering6.________(vary)ofaspects,itcostsalotofmoneytopreserveelephants.Gamewardens(野生動物保護區(qū)看守人)mustbehiredtoprotectthem;landmustbesetasideforthem,andwhentheydestroyafarmer'scrops,thefarmermust7.________(pay)compensation.ZimbabweandfourotherAfricancountriessaythatsomeoftheelephantsshouldbekilledlegally.Thiswouldhelpkeepthepopulation8.________(stability),andsellingtheivorywouldhelppayforpreservingtheelephants.Butconservationistssaythat9.________(make)ivorylegaltosellwouldleadtoevenmoreillegalhunting.Otherssay10.________iswrongistokillelephantsbecausetheyaresensitiveanimalswhofeelemotionalpainatthedeathofotherelephants.3．that考查狀語從句。句意：獵殺大象是如此有利可圖以至于從1979年到1989年非洲大象的數(shù)量從130萬下降到了60萬。此處是so…that…引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，故填that。4．left考查非謂語動詞。句意：人們擔(dān)心到了2000年，將沒有一頭大象被剩下。此處是過去分詞作后置定語，故填left。5．hasbeen考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)since1990“自從1990年以來”，可知用現(xiàn)在完成時，illegalhunting是句子主語，故填hasbeen。6．varieties考查固定詞組。avarietyof/varietiesof意為“各種各樣的”，根據(jù)句意可知填varieties。7．bepaid考查動詞的語態(tài)。句意：農(nóng)民一定要被支付賠償金。根據(jù)句意可知用含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)，故填bepaid。8．stable考查形容詞。句意：……幫助保持象群總數(shù)穩(wěn)定。此處是形容詞作賓語補足語，故填stable。9．making考查非謂語動詞。此處是動名詞作主語，故填making。10．what考查主語從句。此處是what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，在從句中作主語，故填what。6.MyEnglishteacherwasverytall.Themomentshe1.________(enter)theclass,wewouldallsit2.________(quiet)andopenthebooks.Shewouldencouragemebygivingmeimportantassignmentsandalsomorningnewstoreadduringtheassembly.ShewouldcomedownandlistentomyEnglishdebate(辯論),3.________mademetakepartinalldebatecompetitions.4.________samewastrueofmybiologyandscienceteacher.Shewasveryniceandsweet.Shewouldalwaysgivemeextrainformationonthebiologyproject.Icouldnotgotothelabforexperiments,soshewouldbringthelabdownandhelpmewiththebiologyandscience5.________(experiment)andwouldgivemeexcellentmarks.Myfriendsmadememonitorandthenaughtyboyslistenedtome.MyfriendsusedtohelpmewithmynoteswhenIwas6.________(absence)．MyteachersalwaysgavemeimportantprojectworkandIfeltproudwhentheypattedme7.________thebackafterIfinisheditquicklyandcorrectly.Iwasnevershoutedatormadefunoforscoldedbyanyofmyfriendsandteachers.TodayIoftenseetheterriblepunishments8.________(give)tostudentsonTVs.Ifeelverysad.Ireallywanttoexpressmyloveandthankstoallmywonderfulteachersandfriends.Withoutthemmyschoollifewouldnot9.________(be)soexcellentand10.________(forget)．【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者的老師和朋友們對作者的幫助。1．entered考查動詞的時態(tài)。上文是一般過去時，所以這里需用過去式。2．quietly考查副詞。這里應(yīng)該用副詞修飾動詞sit，表示安靜地坐著，quiet為形容詞，此處應(yīng)用quietly。3．which考查定語從句。該句是非限制性定語從句，又是指代前面一整句話的，所以只能用關(guān)系詞which。4．The考查固定搭配?！癟hesameistrueof…”為固定表達。5．experiments考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。由上文可知，這里的experiment應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式。7.Onewinterdayin1891,1.________classoftrainingschoolinMassachusetts,USA,wentintothegymfortheir2.________(day)exercises.Sincethefootballseasonhadended,mostoftheyoungmenfelttheywereinforaboringtime.Buttheirteacher,JamesNaismithhadotherideas.Hehadbeenworkingforalongtimeonanewgamewhichwouldhavethe3.________(excite)ofAmericanfootball.Naismithshowedthemenabaskethe4.________(hang)ateachendofthegym,andexplainedthattheyweregoingtousearoundEuropeanfootball.Atfirsteverybodytriedtothrowtheball5.________thebasketnomatterwherehewasstanding.“Pass!Pass！”Naismithkeptshouting,6.________(blow)hiswhistletostoptheexcitedplayers.Slowly,theybegantounderstand7.________waswantedofthem.Theproblemwiththenewgame,whichwassooncalled“basketball”，8.________(be)gettingtheballoutofthebasket.Theyusedordinaryfoodbasketswithbottoms,andtheball,ofcourse,stayedinside.Atfirst,someonehadtoclimbupeverytimeabasket9.________(score)．Itwasseveralyearsbeforesomeonecameupwiththeideaofremovingthebottomofthebasketandlettingtheball10.________(fall)through.Therehavebeenmanychangesintherulessincethen,andbasketballhasbecomeoneoftheworld'smostpopularsports.【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了籃球這項運動是如何產(chǎn)生的。1．a(chǎn)考查冠詞。這里指培訓(xùn)學(xué)校的一節(jié)課。故填a。2.daily考查形容詞。形容詞修飾名詞，故填daily。3．excitement考查名詞。句意：有美國足球的興奮。此處用名詞形式，故填excitement。4．hadhung考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意：Naismith向隊員們展示了他在體育館兩端掛的籃子。“懸掛”這個動作明顯靠前，可知用過去完成時，故填hadhung。5．into考查介詞。句意：把球扔進籃子里。throw…into…意為“把……扔進……里”，故填into。6．blowing考查非謂語動詞。blow與主語Naismith為主動關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語，故填blowing。7．what考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。understand后面的賓語從句缺少引導(dǎo)詞，從句缺少主語，故填what起雙重作用。8.Asit'seasytocultivateanditcontainsmostofthevitaminsnecessaryforhealth,potatoesarepopularinculturesworldwide.Originating1.________SouthAmerica,potatoeshavebeenpartofSouthAmericandietforhundredsofyears.Withmultiplepotato2.________(variety)inthemarket,theyarefried,baked,freeze-driedtoformmanybeloveddishes.InIreland,fromitsintroductioninthe16thcentury,potatoes3.________(hold)acentralplaceintheIrishdietandbeenconsideredastheprimaryIrishcrop.IntheUS,potatoesareoneofthemost4.________(wide)consumedcrops.FrenchfriesarecommonlyfoundintypicalAmericanfast-foodrestaurantsandcafeterias.FrenchfrieswereintroducedtotheUS5.________ThomasJeffersonservedthemintheWhiteHouseduring6.________presidencyfrom1801—1809.FormanyChinesepeople,potatoesareconsideredavegetable.7.________inthefuture,thiswillnolongerbethecase.“AprogrammetoaddpotatoestoChina'slistoffood,joiningrice,wheatandcorn,will8.________(expand)todiversifytheChinesemenuandmeetincreasingfooddemands，”agriculturalexpertsandauthoritieswiththeMinistryofAgriculturesaidin9.________conferenceonJan.6.Specifically,potatopowderwillbemixedintobreadandnoodletosuitChineseconsumers'tasteand10.________(eat)habit.【文章大意】本文為說明文，主要介紹了土豆在不同國家飲食文化的普及情況，在不久的將來，它還會成為中國家庭餐桌上的主食之一。1．in/from考查介詞。originatein/from是“起源于”的意思。2．varieties考查名詞。此處指土豆的多樣性，故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。3．haveheld考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)上文說自16世紀(jì)被引進以來，土豆至今一直都占據(jù)著愛爾蘭飲食的核心地位，故用現(xiàn)在完成時。4．widely考查副詞。副詞修飾consumed，故填widely。5．when考查連詞。該從句和前面主句存在時間上的邏輯關(guān)系。6．his考查代詞。該句子的意思是：當(dāng)ThomasJefferson在他1801—1809執(zhí)政期間。presidency為名詞，意為“總統(tǒng)的任期”。7．But考查連詞。該句和上文存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故填But。9.TheGreatWallofChinaismorethan6，000kilometreslong.Itwinds1.________(it)wayfromwesttoeast,acrossdeserts,overmountains,throughvalleys2.________atlastitreachesthesea.TheGreatWallhasahistoryofovertwentycenturies.Thefirstpartofit3.________(build)duringtheSpringandAutumnperiod.DuringtheQinDynasty,4.________(keep)theenemyoutofhisempire,EmperorQinShiHuanghadallthewalls5.________(join)up.Thus,theGreatWallcameintobeing.TheGreatWalliswideenoughat6.________topforfivehorsesortenmentowalksidebyside.Alongthewallarewatchtowers,7.________soldiersusedtokeepwatch.Fireswerelitonthetowersasa8.________(warn)whentheenemycame.Itwas9.________(extreme)difficulttobuildsuchawallintheancientdayswithoutanymodernmachines.Alltheworkwasdone10.________hand.Thousandsofmendiedandwereburiedunderthewalltheybuilt.TheGreatWallwasmadenotonlyofstoneandearth,butofthefleshandbloodofmillionsofmen.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了中國長城的有關(guān)情況。1．its考查代詞。形容詞性物主代詞修飾名詞，故填its。2．till/until/and考查連詞。此處表示并列或者是“直到最后到達海邊”，故填till/until/and。3．wasbuilt考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：它的第一部分是在春秋時期建成的。根據(jù)句意可知用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。故填wasbuilt。4．tokeep考查非謂語動詞。此處是動詞不定式作目的狀語，故填tokeep。5．joined考查非謂語動詞。此處是過去分詞作賓語補足語，表示被動關(guān)系，故填joined。10.【四川省廣元市2017屆高三第二次高考適應(yīng)性統(tǒng)考】閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單