2023年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-云南大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題答案

2023年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-云南大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題答案第1卷一.綜合題(共25題)1.單選題From1947to1950abstractexpressionscametofullmaturity,and（

）the1950sthisstyledominatedtheNewYorkCityartscene.問題1選項(xiàng)A.therebyB.whenC.duringD.whereas2.單選題ItwouldseemthatMillercannothavebeenonfriendlytermswiththegardenersthere,orhewouldhavemadea（

）ofvisitingthem.問題1選項(xiàng)A.moveB.useC.pointD.remedy3.翻譯題ReadthefollowingParagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoChinese.

Theperiodofadolescence,i.e.，theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort,dependingonsocialexpectationsandonsociety’sdefinitionastowhatconstitutesmaturityandadulthood.Inprimitivesocietiesadolescenceisfrequentlyarelativelyshortperiodoftime,whileinindustrialsocietieswithpatternsofprolongededucationcoupledwithlawsagainstchildlabor,theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerandmayincludemostoftheseconddecadeofone’slife.Furthermore，thelengthoftheadolescentperiodandthedefinitionofadulthoodstatusmaychangeinagivensocietyassocialandeconomicconditionschange.Examplesofthistypeofchangearethedisappearanceofthefrontierinthelatterpartofthe19thcenturyintheUnitedStates,andmoreuniversally,theindustrializationofanagriculturalsociety.4.單選題Ihavehadjustaboutenoughofbeingtreatedlikeasecond-classcitizen,simplybecauseIhappentobethatunfairlytreatedmemberofsociety—acustomer.ThemoreIgointoshopsandhotels,banksandpostoffices,railwaystations,airportsandthelike,themoreIamconvincedthethingsarebeingrunsolelytosuitthefirm,thesystem,ortheunion.Thereseemstobeadeceptivenewmottoforso-called“service”organizations---StaffBeforeService.Howoften,forexample,haveyouqueuedforwhatseemslikehoursatthePostOfficeorthesupermarketbecausetherewerenotenoughstaffondutytomanalltheservicegrillesorcheckoutcounters?Surelyinthesedaysofhighunemploymentitmustbepossibletohirecashiersandcounterstaff.Yetsupermarketshintingdarklyathigherprices,claimthatuncoveringalltheircashregistersatanyonetimewouldincreaseoperatingcosts.AndthePostOfficesayswecannotexpectalltheirservicegrillestobeoccupied"attimeswhendemandislow”.Itisthesamewithhotels,becausewaitersandkitchenstaffmustfinishwhenitsuitsthem,diningroomscloseearlierormenuchoiceiscutshort.Asforusguests,wejusthavetoputupwithit.Thereisalsothenonsenseofsomanyfriendlyhotelnightportershavingbeenthrownoutoftheirjobsintheinterestsof"efficiency”andreplacedbycoin-eatingmachineswhichoffereverythingfromlagertolaxatives.Nottomentionthetea-makingkitinyourroom:akettlewithamixedcollectionofteabags,plasticmilkboxesandlumpsugar.Whowantstowakeuptoarawteabag?Idonot,especiallywhenIampayingfor“service”.Canitbestopped,thisworseningofservice,thisgrowingattitudethatthecustomerisalwaysabore?Iangrilyhopesobecauseitishappening,sadly,inallwalksoflife.Ouronlyhopeistohammerhomeourangerwheneverandwhereverwecanand,ifallelsefails,bringbackintopracticethatother,olderslogan-TakeOurDealElsewhere.1.Thewriterfeelsthatnowadaysacustomer（

）.2.Thewriterarguesthatthequalityofserviceischangingbecause（

）.3.Accordingtothewriter,longqueuesatcountersarecausedby（

）.4.Serviceorganizationscontendthatkeepingallcheckoutcountersoperatedcanresultin（

）.5.Thewritersuggeststhatacustomer（

）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.deservestheloweststatusinsocietyB.isunworthyofproperconsiderationC.receivesunexpectedqualityserviceD.isthevictimofsomepublicservices問題2選項(xiàng)A.customers'demandshavegreatlychangedB.servicesprovidedneverbecomeconsistentC.thestaffreceivemoreconsiderationthancustomersD.staffmembersarelessconsideratethantheiremployers問題3選項(xiàng)A.difficultiesinhiringemployeesB.deliberateunderstaffingC.lackofcooperationbetweenstaffmembersD.employeesirresponsibility問題4選項(xiàng)A.demandsbycashiersforapayraiseB.insignificantbenefitsforthecustomers.C.ariseinthecostforprovidingservice.D.needstopurchaseexpensiveequipment問題5選項(xiàng)A.putupwiththerudemannersofthestaffB.bepatientwhenqueuingbeforecheckoutcountersC.trytocontrolhistemperwhenill-treatedD.gotootherplaceswheregoodserviceisavailable5.單選題Insomecountriescustomersdon’tpay（

）fortheservicesinrestaurantsorbarbershops.問題1選項(xiàng)A.gratuitiesB.stipendsC.bonusesD.allowances6.單選題Over-workingofthelandinsomecountrieshasledtosoil（

）ofnutrients,which,inturn,willleadtobarrenland.問題1選項(xiàng)A.repletedB.grievedC.depletedD.deplored7.單選題NASAiscastinganetinthespaceshuttleinvestigationastowhatcausedthespacecrafttoswingoutofcontroland（）momentsbeforeitwastoland.問題1選項(xiàng)A.disassembleB.disembarkC.neglectedD.discarded8.單選題Thenumberofcopiesthepaperseilsseemstobein（）proportiontotheamountofnewsitcontains.問題1選項(xiàng)A.diverseB.inverseC.reverseD.averse9.單選題Thisexperiencedauthorwasableto（）thefactthathewasnotqualifiedforadmissiontocollege.問題1選項(xiàng)A.suppressB.compressC.expressD.depress10.單選題Infinance,opportunitycostanalysisreferstotheamountthatcouldhavebeenmadeinotherinvestments（

）theexpectedinvestmentreturn.問題1選項(xiàng)A.comparedinB.ascomparingC.comparedD.comparedwith11.單選題Withthepossibleexceptionofequalrights,perhapsthemostheatedargumentacrosstheUnitedStatestodayisthedeathpenalty.Manyarguethatitisaneffectivedeterrenttomurder,whileothersthinkthereisnoenoughproofthatthedeathpenaltyreducesthenumberofmurders.Theargumentadvancedbythoseopposedtothedeathpenaltyisthatitiscruelandinhumanpunishment,thatitisthemarkofabadsocietyandfinallythatitisofquestionableeffectivenessasadeterrenttocrimeanyway.Inouropinion,thedeathpenaltyisanecessaryaction.Throughoutrecordedhistorytherehavealwaysbeenthosepeculiarpersonsineverysocietywhomadeterriblecrimessuchasmurder.Butsomearemoredangerousthanothers.Forexample,itisonethingtotakethelifeofanotherintimeofblindanger,butquiteanothertocoldlyplanandcarryoutthemurderofoneormorepeopleinthestyleofabutcher.Thus,murder,likeallothercrimes,isamatterofrelativedegree.Whileitcouldbearguedwithsomereasonthatthecriminalinthefirstinstanceshouldbemerelykeptfromsociety,suchshouldnotbethefateofthelattertypemurderer.Thevalueofthedeathpenaltyasadeterrenttocrimemaybeopentodiscussion.Butthemajorityofpeoplebelievethatthedeathpenaltyprotectsthem.Theirbeliefisprovedbythefactthatthedeathpenaltypreventsmurder.Forexample,from1954to1963,whenthedeathpenaltywascarriedoutfromtimetotimeinCalifornia,themurderrateremainedbetweenthreeandfourmurdersforeach100,000population.Since1964thedeathpenaltyhasbeendoneonlyonce,andthemurderratehasrisento10.4murdersforeach100,000population.Thesharpclimbinthestate’smurderrate,whichbeganwhenkillingsstopped,doesnothappenbychance.Itcertainlyshowsthatthedeathpenaltydoesdetermanymurderers.Ifthelawaboutdeathpenaltyisvetoed,somepeoplewillbemurdered—somewhoselivesmayhavebeensavedifthedeathpenaltywereineffect.Thisisreallyalifeordeathmatter.Thelivesofthousandsofpeoplemustbeprotected.1.Theprincipalpurposeofthispassageisto（

）.2.Theauthor’sresponsetothosewhourgethedeathpenaltyforallislikelytobe（

）.3.AccordingtoParagraph4,itcanbeinferredthat（

）.4.Thepassageattemptstoestablisharelationshipbetween（

）.5.Theauthor’sattitudetowards“deathpenalty”is（

）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.speakforthemajorityB.initiateavetoC.criticizethegovernmentD.argueforthevalueofthedeathpenalty問題2選項(xiàng)A.negativeB.friendlyC.supportiveD.hostile問題3選項(xiàng)A.thedeathpenaltyisthemostcontroversialissueintheUnitedStatestodayB.thesecondtypeofmurderersshouldbesentencedtodeathC.thevetoofthebillreestablishingthedeathpenaltyisoflittleimportanceD.thevalueofthedeathpenaltyasadeterrenttocrimeisnottobedebated問題4選項(xiàng)A.themurderrateandtheimpositionofthedeathpenaltyB.theeffectsofexecutionandtheeffectsofisolationC.theimportanceofequalrightsandthatofthedeathpenaltyD.executionsandmurders問題5選項(xiàng)A.opposingB.supportingC.neutralD.sarcastic12.單選題Thestormsweepingoverthisarenowissuretocause（）ofvegetablesinthecomingdays.問題1選項(xiàng)A.scarcityB.rarityC.varietyD.invalidity13.寫作題Directions:Chooseoneofthetwotopicstodevelopanessayofabout300words.1.“Allyouneedinthislifeisignoranceandconfidence;thensuccessissure.”Howdoyouunderstandthisstatement?Youcangiveexamplestoillustrateyourpointandthenexplainhowtocultivateconfidenceandachievesuccess.2.Itisgenerallybelievedthatreadingiscrucialtothinkingindependently.Doyouagreeordisagree?Illustrateyourpointsofviewontherelationshipbetweenreadingandthinking.14.單選題He（

）bethepersonwhokilledMarybecausehewaswithmelastnightthewholenightand（

）it.問題1選項(xiàng)A.can’t...couldnotdoB.maynot....couldnotdoC.mustnot...couldnothavedoneD.can’t...couldnothavedone15.單選題ThosewhogotangryandcrazysetfiretocarsandshopsintheParissuburbofClichy-sous-Bois,thentheproblem（

）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.evolvedB.evaporatedC.escalatedD.exalted16.單選題IwasaddressingasmallgatheringinasuburbanVirginialivingroom—awomen’sgroupthathadinvitedmentojointhem.Throughouttheeveningonemanhadbeenparticularlytalkative,frequentlyofferingideasandanecdotes,whilehiswifesatsilentlybesidehimonthecouch.TowardtheendoftheeveningIcommentedthatwomenfrequentlycomplainthattheirhusbandsdon'ttalktothem.Thismanquicklynoddedinagreement.Hegesturedtowardhiswifeandsaid“She’sthetalkerinourfamily.”Theroomburstintolaughter;themanlookedpuzzledandhurt.“It’strue,”heexplained.“WhenIcomehomefromworkIhavenothingtosay.Ifshedidn’tkeeptheconversationgoing,we’dspendthewholeeveninginsilence.”ThisepisodecrystallizestheironythatalthoughAmericanmentendtotalkmorethanwomeninpublicsituations,theyoftentalklessathome.Andthispatterniswreakinghavocwithmarriage.ThepatternwasobservedbypoliticalscientistAndrewHackerinthelate1970s.SociologistCatherineKohlerRiessmanreportsinhernewbookDivorceTalkthatmostofthewomensheinterviewed—butonlyafewofthemen—gavelackofcommunicationasthereasonfortheirdivorces.Giventhecurrentdivorcerateofnearly50percent,thatamountstomillionsofcasesintheUnitedStateseveryyear—avirtualepidemicoffailedconversation.Inmyownresearch,complaintsfromwomenabouttheirhusbandsmostoftenfocusednotontangibleinequities,suchas,havinggivenupthechanceforacareertoaccompanyahusbandtohisordoingfarmorethantheirshareofdailylife-supportworklikecleaning,cooking,socialarrangementsanderrands.Instead,theyfocusedoncommunication:“Hedoesn’tlistentome”“Hedoesn’ttalktome.”Ifound,asHackerobservedyearsbefore,thatmostwiveswanttheirhusbandstobe,firstandforemost,conversationalpartnersbutfewhusbandssharethisexpectationoftheirwives.Inshort,theimagethatbestrepresentsthecurrentcrisisisthestereotypicalcartoonsceneofamansittingatthebreakfasttablewithanewspaperheldupinfrontofhisface,whileawomanglaresatthebackofit,wantingtotalk.1.Whatismostwivesmainexpectationoftheirhusbands?2.Judgingfromthecontext,thephrase“wreakinghavoc”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans（）.3.AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT（）.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemainideaofthistext?5.Inthefollowingpartimmediatelyafterthistext,theauthorwillmostprobablyfocuson（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.Talkingtothem.B.Trustingthem.C.Supportingtheircareers.D.Sharinghousework.問題2選項(xiàng)A.generatingmotivationB.exertinginfluenceC.causingdamageD.creatingpressure問題3選項(xiàng)A.mentendtotalkmoreinpublicthanwomen.B.nearly50percentofrecentdivorcesarecausedbyfailedconversation.C.womenattachmuchimportancetocommunicationbetweencouples.D.afemaletendstobemoretalkativeathomethanherspouse.問題4選項(xiàng)A.Themoraldecayingdeservesmoreresearchbysociologists.B.Marriagebreak-upstemsfromsexinequalities.C.Husbandandwifehavedifferentexpectationsfromtheirmarriage.D.Conversationalpatternsbetweenmanandwifearedifferent.問題5選項(xiàng)A.avividaccountofthenewbookDivorceTalkB.adetaileddescriptionofthestereotypicalcartoonC.otherpossiblereasonsforahighdivorcerateintheU.S.D.abriefintroductiontothepoliticalscientistAndrewHacker17.單選題Basketball,（

）1891byCanadianJamesNaismith,wasneverintendedtobeanythingmorethananinterestingstyleofhandsoccerforuniversitystudents.問題1選項(xiàng)A.whenitwasinventedinB.whichinventedC.wasinventedinD.whichitwasinventedin18.單選題ItishardtoimaginehowManhattan,boughtfromaNativeAmericantribeforsolittle,（

）vibrantfinancialcommunityinAmerica.問題1選項(xiàng)A.couldbecomethemostB.becomesthemostC.tobecomeD.oneofthemostassuming19.單選題Thisspecialcommitteewasestablishedforwell-integratedmembersofthesocietyandnotfor（

）individuals.問題1選項(xiàng)A.marginalB.minorC.eccentricD.distinctive20.單選題Theimportanceof（）canneverbeneglectedwhenitcomestofulfillingone’smilitarymissions.問題1選項(xiàng)A.popularityB.peculiarityC.punctualityD.potentiality21.單選題Obviously,theemployer’sreplyborelittle（）toemployees’requirements.問題1選項(xiàng)A.relationshipB.concernC.interestD.relevance22.單選題

Fluorine,（

）,isagreenish-yellowgasthatispoisonousandhighlycorrosive.問題1選項(xiàng)A.achemicalelementthatB.achemicalelementC.whichchemicalelementD.isachemicalelement23.單選題Ittookthisdisabledboyalongtimeto（）thefactthathewasnotqualifiedforadmissiontocollege.問題1選項(xiàng)A.comeupwithB.comedownwithC.comeuptoD.cometotermswith24.單選題Alcoholismanddrugaddictionhasalreadyreachedepidemicproportionsinthe21stCentury.Oneofthebiggestmisconceptionsaboutaddictionisthatitonlyaffectscertaingroupswithinsociety:forexamplethatpoorpeoplefrompoorneighborhoodsandethnicminoritiesaremorelikelytobeaddictedtoalcoholanddrugs.Thetruthishoweverthataddictionisblindtorace,colorandsocio-economicbackground.Anotherfactisthatdrugandalcoholrelatedcrimesareincreasingallovertheworld.Therearemanyreasonswhyapersonmightfirsttrydrugs.Someofthesemightincludepeerpressurefromfriends,stressandpersonalitycharacteristics.Peopletakedrugsandalcoholbecauseoftheelevatingorrelaxingeffectstheyhaveonthebodyotherwisepeoplewouldn’ttaketheminthefirstplace.Butasthepersondevelopsahabit,thechemistryofthebrainstartstochangeandadapt,demandingmoreandmoreofthedrugasitresiststhediscomfortofwithdrawal.Thepersonbecomesanaddictandtheinitialmasonsfortakingthedrugsoonpaleinsignificanceastheneedfordrugsandoralcoholbeginstodominateeveryaspectoftheaddict’slife.Addictionsarelifelongillnessesthatareveryhardtotreat.Thedisturbingfactisthat1/3rdofpatientswhodoreceivetreatmentusuallyrelapsewithinoneyear.Manyscientistsbelievethataddictionisrelatedtoourmostbasicinstinct,survival.Sincethebeginningoftimeourbrainhasevolvedtoensurethesurvivalofourspecies.Thebraincontrolsbehaviorbyrewardingactionsthatwillensuresurvivalofthespecies.Forexample,theintakeofnutrientssuchassugarsandfatsactivatetastereceptorsthatinturnactivatebrainrewardmechanisms.Theactivationofthesemechanismsproducescertainchangesintheindividualrangingfrombeinginamuchbettermoodtointensepleasureandeuphoria.Wearefarmorelikelytocontinuetoseekoutandeatthesenutrientsbecausethebrainrewardsusfortakingthenutrientsintothebodybyreleasingchemicalsthatmakeusfeelgood.Theproblemliesinthefactthattheserewardsystemsdonotonlyrewardtheintakeofharmlesssubstancessuchassugarsandfats.Somechemicalsactivatebrainrewardsystemsdirectly,bypassingthesensoryreceptorsmediatingnaturalrewards.Caffeine,alcoholandnicotineallactivatebrainrewardmechanismsdirectly.Butotherfarmoreharmfuldrugssuchasheroine,crackandcocainearebetteratactivatingbrainrewardsystems,producingafarmorepowerfuleffectcomparedtoafeelingofcalmnessorrelaxationaftereatingagoodnutritiousmeal.Theactivationismuchmoreintensecausingtheindividualtocravethedrugandtofocustheiractivitiesaroundtakingthedrug.Theabilityofaddictivedrugstostronglyactivatebrainrewardmechanismsandtheirabilitytochemicallyalterthenormalfunctioningofthesesystemscanproduceanaddiction.Howeversomepeoplebecomeaddictedwhileothersdonot.Manypeopledrinkalcoholorsmokecannabisorevencocaineandotherillegaldrugsbutthisdoesnotnecessarilymakethemaddictsandnotalladdictshavethesameintensityofaddiction.Ithasbeenestimatedthatapproximately10%ofanypopulationofanycountrywilltendtohaveanaddictivenatureandbecomeaddictsofsomekind.Itistruethatthoughthatsomeraces,notablyNativeAmericanIndiansandEskimos,dotendtohavehigherratesofaddictionthanothersforreasonsthatarenotfullyunderstood.Itisalsotruethatpeoplewhobecomeaddictsmaybehighlyintelligentandbeextremelymotivatedbutareunabletocontroltheiraddiction.Addictionisbynomeansdependentonintelligence.Someofthemostskilledandintelligentpeoplemightbecomeaddictseventhoughtheyarefullyawareofthedetrimentalnatureofcontinuingtotakedrugsoralcohol.Thefactisthatstillwedonotknowwhysomepeoplebecomeaddictsandothersdonotalthoughtherearemanytheoriesthatreasonthatsomepeoplesimplyhavean“addictivepersonalitytype”—beingfarmoresusceptibletotherewardmechanismthatproducesaddiction—whileothersstillbelievethatitistheaddicts’lackofwillpowertorefrainfromtakingdrugsoralcohol.Thebiggestkillerthoughisaperson’sdenialofhisorhercondition,thattheybelievethattheydonothaveaproblem,donotseekhelpbutinsteadcontinuetheabuseuntiltheyhaveeitherlosteverythingordieasthebodycannotcopeandeventuallyshutsdown.1.Inparagraph1,thewordmisconceptionsisclosestinmeaningto（）.2.Accordingtothepassage,whoismostlikelytobecomeaddictedtodrugsand/oralcohol?3.Accordingtotheauthor,mostpeoplefirsttrydrugs,andalcoholbecause（）.4.Accordingtothepassage,whymighttherebeaprobleminthebrain’snaturalrewardsystem?5.Inparagraph7,thewordintensityisclosestinmeaningto（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.unprovedstatisticsB.wrongideasC.truthD.apprehension問題2選項(xiàng)A.Onlypeoplewhohavethefinancialmeanstobuydrugsandalcohol.B.Usuallyonlycriminals.C.Addictiondoesnothaveapreference.D.Anyonewhotriesdrugsandalcoholisimmediatelyaddicted.問題3選項(xiàng)A.thereisnorealreason,itjusthappensB.theyneedtoforgetaboutstressC.everyonedoesitD.peoplehavedifferentreasons問題4選項(xiàng)A.Becausecaffeineisdangerousandstimulatesourmetabolism.B.Peoplewillbecomeinstantlyaddictedtonicotine.C.Someharmfulsubstancescanfoolthebrainintothinkingtheyaregood.D.Somepeoplearenaturallymoreaddictivetodrugsalcoholthanothers.問題5選項(xiàng)A.euphoriaB.levelC.resultD.desire25.單選題Thefateofancientmansionissealedsincethemayorhasdecided:“（

）thishousewillbepulleddownbytheFirstofOctober.”問題1選項(xiàng)A.WhatmaycomeB.ComewhatmayC.MaywhatcomeD.Comemaywhat第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】C【解析】副詞辨析。thereby“從而，因此”；when“當(dāng)......的時(shí)候”；during“在......期間”；whereas“然而，鑒于”。句意：從1947年到1950年抽象表達(dá)完全成熟，在20世紀(jì)50年代期間，這種風(fēng)格在紐約市的藝術(shù)舞臺(tái)中占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。2.【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。move“行動(dòng)，舉措”；use“使用”；point“要點(diǎn)”；remedy“補(bǔ)救；改進(jìn)”。句意：看起來(lái)米勒不可能和那個(gè)園丁友好相處了，否則他會(huì)認(rèn)為有必要去拜訪他們。Makeapointof“認(rèn)為有必要……”。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。3.【答案】青春期，即從童年到成年之間的這段時(shí)期，可能很長(zhǎng)，也可能很短，這取決于社會(huì)的期望和社會(huì)對(duì)什么是成熟和成年的定義。在原始社會(huì)，青春期往往是相對(duì)較短的一段時(shí)間，而在人們受教育時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)的工業(yè)社會(huì)，再加上反對(duì)童工的法律，青春期的時(shí)間要長(zhǎng)得多，可能包括人生第二個(gè)十年的大部分時(shí)間。此外，隨著社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)條件的變化，在特定社會(huì)中，青春期的長(zhǎng)度和成年身份的定義可能會(huì)發(fā)生變化。這類變化的例子如：19世紀(jì)后半葉美國(guó)邊疆的消失，更普遍的是農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)的工業(yè)化。4.【答案】第1題:D第2題:C第3題:B第4題:C第5題:D【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目所問的是“作者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在的消費(fèi)者如何？”文章第一段第一句話提到“我受夠了被作為二等公民對(duì)待，僅僅因?yàn)槲沂且粋€(gè)被不公正對(duì)待的社會(huì)成員—一個(gè)消費(fèi)者”(Ihavehadjustaboutenoughofbeingtreatedlikeasecond-classcitizen,simplybecauseIhappentobethatunfairlytreatedmemberofsociety—acustomer)，接下來(lái)談及到在飯店、郵局、火車站、機(jī)場(chǎng)等地的一些經(jīng)歷，由這些可知選項(xiàng)D“是一些公共服務(wù)的受害者”符合題意。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目所問的是“作者認(rèn)為服務(wù)質(zhì)量正在變化的原因是什么？”文章第二段第一句話提到“你有沒有因?yàn)猷]局或者超市沒有足夠的員工來(lái)安排他們的工作窗口或者收銀臺(tái)而排幾個(gè)小時(shí)的隊(duì)？”(Howoften,forexample,haveyouqueuedforwhatseemslikehoursatthePostOfficeorthesupermarketbecausetherewerenotenoughstaffondutytomanalltheservicegrillesorcheckoutcounters?)，選項(xiàng)C“對(duì)員工的考慮多余對(duì)顧客的考慮”符合題意。3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目所問的是“在作者看來(lái)，柜臺(tái)前排長(zhǎng)隊(duì)的原因是什么？”文章提到之所以有時(shí)候需要排幾個(gè)小時(shí)的對(duì)是因?yàn)閱T工配備少；而文章第二段第二句話提到“在現(xiàn)在這種高失業(yè)率的情況下，雇傭收銀員或者柜臺(tái)員工是很容易的”（Surelyinthesedaysofhighunemploymentitmustbepossibletohirecashiersandcounterstaff），因此可以推斷并不是雇傭不到員工，而是這些商場(chǎng)或者機(jī)構(gòu)不愿意去花錢雇傭更多的員工。選項(xiàng)B“故意的員工不足”符合題意。4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目所問的是“服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)認(rèn)為讓所有收銀機(jī)全部工作起來(lái)會(huì)導(dǎo)致什么后果？”文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句話提到“把收銀機(jī)全部運(yùn)行會(huì)增加成本”(Yetsupermarketshintingdarklyathigherprices,claimthatuncoveringalltheircashregistersatanyonetimewouldincreaseoperatingcosts)，選項(xiàng)C“增加服務(wù)成本”符合題意。5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目所問的是“作者建議消費(fèi)者應(yīng)該怎樣做？”文章最后一段提到“我們唯一的希望就是無(wú)論何時(shí)無(wú)論何地都要表達(dá)出我們的不滿，如果這些努力全失敗了，再去嘗試將古老的口號(hào)付諸實(shí)踐—去別處進(jìn)行買賣”（Ouronlyhopeistohammerhomeourangerwheneverandwhereverwecanand,ifallelsefails,bringbackintopracticethatother,olderslogan-TakeOurDealElsewhere），選項(xiàng)D“去有更好服務(wù)的地方”符合題意。5.【答案】A【解析】名詞詞義辨析。Gratuities“小費(fèi)，贈(zèng)品”；stipends“薪水”；bonuses“獎(jiǎng)金”；allowances“津貼”。句意：在一些國(guó)家，顧客不用為餐館或理發(fā)店的服務(wù)付小費(fèi)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。6.【答案】C【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。Replete“充滿的，裝滿的”，沒有單詞repleted；grieved“傷心的”；depleted“耗盡的，廢棄的”；deplored為動(dòng)詞的過去式，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知此處應(yīng)填入形容詞作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾soil。句意：在一些國(guó)家，土地的過度耕作已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致土壤耗盡營(yíng)養(yǎng)物，這反過來(lái)又會(huì)導(dǎo)致土地貧瘠。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。7.【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)disassemble“拆開、分散”；B選項(xiàng)disembark“登陸、上岸”；C選項(xiàng)neglected“忽視、疏忽”；D選項(xiàng)discarded“丟棄”，句意為：美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局正在對(duì)航天飛機(jī)展開調(diào)查，以查明是什么原因?qū)е潞教祜w機(jī)在著陸前失控。B選項(xiàng)符合句意。8.【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。inreverse“相反”，本句意為“這份報(bào)紙的發(fā)行量似乎與它所包含的新聞量成反比”，這句話想要表達(dá)的是報(bào)紙發(fā)行量太少，inreverse表達(dá)“相反”的意思使得句子邏輯成立。因此選項(xiàng)C正確。9.【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)suppress“抑制、鎮(zhèn)壓”；B選項(xiàng)compress“壓縮、精簡(jiǎn)”；C選項(xiàng)express“表達(dá)”；D選項(xiàng)depress“使沮喪、降低”，句意為：這位經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的作家能夠表達(dá)他沒有資格進(jìn)入大學(xué)這一事實(shí)。express“表達(dá)”符合句意，因此選項(xiàng)C正確。10.【答案】D【解析】語(yǔ)法（分詞做狀語(yǔ)）題。分析題干結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格后的“theexpectedinvestmentreturn預(yù)計(jì)投資收益”在原句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)成分，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)是theamount,需要用表示被動(dòng)的過去分詞，排除B選項(xiàng)；固定搭配becomparedwith，表示“與…相比”，所以D選項(xiàng)正確。11.【答案】第1題:D第2題:A第3題:B第4題:A第5題:B【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一句，“…perhapsthemostheatedargumentacrosstheUnitedStatestodayisthedeathpenalty.”，可知死刑是討論最激烈的話題，所以文章的主題為死刑。又根據(jù)下文，“Manyarguethatitisaneffectivedeterrenttomurder,whileothersthinkthereisnoenoughproofthatthedeathpenaltyreducesthenumberofmurders.”，可知許多人肯定死刑的價(jià)值，認(rèn)為死刑是對(duì)謀殺罪的有效震懾，而另一些人則認(rèn)為死刑沒有多大的價(jià)值，因?yàn)闆]有足夠的證據(jù)證明死刑的實(shí)施減少了謀殺的數(shù)量。又根據(jù)文章第三段，“Inouropinion,thedeathpenaltyisanecessaryaction.”，可知作者認(rèn)為死刑是一項(xiàng)必要的舉措。綜上可知，整篇文章的主要目的在于為死刑的價(jià)值作辯護(hù)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。2.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“itisonethingtotakethelifeofanotherintimeofblindanger,butquiteanothertocoldlyplanandcarryoutthemurderofoneormorepeopleinthestyleofabutcher.….Whileitcouldbearguedwithsomereasonthatthecriminalinthefirstinstanceshouldbemerelykeptfromsociety,suchshouldnotbethefateofthelattertypemurderer.”，可知一種是在盲目憤怒的時(shí)候奪走別人的生命，一種是以屠夫的方式冷酷地策劃和實(shí)施對(duì)一個(gè)或多個(gè)人的謀殺。前者可以僅僅通過社會(huì)隔離的方式受懲罰，而后者則不然?？芍髡哒J(rèn)為要根據(jù)謀殺程度來(lái)選擇死刑。所以作者對(duì)那些主張對(duì)所有人判處死刑的人的反應(yīng)很可能是否定的。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Whileitcouldbearguedwithsomereasonthatthecriminalinthefirstinstanceshouldbemerelykeptfromsociety,suchshouldnotbethefateofthelattertypemurderer.”，第一種謀殺罪犯（盲目憤怒的時(shí)候奪走別人的生命）應(yīng)該僅僅被社會(huì)隔離，而第二種冷酷地策劃和實(shí)施對(duì)一個(gè)或多個(gè)人的謀殺的罪犯不應(yīng)該僅僅被隔離，而是應(yīng)該被處以死刑?？膳袛喑龅诙悮⑷朔笐?yīng)該被處以死刑。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Thesharpclimbinthestate’smurderrate,whichbeganwhenkillingsstopped,doesnothappenbychance.Itcertainlyshowsthatthedeathpenaltydoesdetermanymurderers.”，可知本段用加利福尼亞的例子得出結(jié)論。本州謀殺率的上升并非偶然，是死刑停止實(shí)施的結(jié)果，可以清楚地表明，死刑確實(shí)制止了許多謀殺的念頭?？膳袛喑鲎髡呦胍懻摰氖撬佬痰膶?shí)施和謀殺率的關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度?？v觀全文，作者首先在第三段表明自己的觀點(diǎn)“死刑是一項(xiàng)必要的舉措”，然后在下文通過論述和實(shí)例證明，死刑的實(shí)施確實(shí)有助于抑制謀殺率。可判斷出作者對(duì)于實(shí)施死刑的態(tài)度是支持的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。12.【答案】A【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)scarcity“短缺、稀缺”；B選項(xiàng)rarity“罕見、珍品”；C選項(xiàng)variety“多樣、種類”；D選項(xiàng)invalidity“無(wú)效、無(wú)價(jià)值”，句意為：在未來(lái)幾天席卷這里的風(fēng)暴肯定會(huì)造成蔬菜短缺。scarcity“短缺、稀缺”符合題意，因此選項(xiàng)A正確。13.【答案】略14.【答案】A【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意：他肯定不是殺害瑪麗的人，因?yàn)樗蛲碚砀以谝黄?，所以他不可能做這件事。第一空表示推測(cè)，后面提到了原因，所以這里的推測(cè)是非?？隙ǖ牟聹y(cè)，用can’t，mustnot表示“禁止”的意思,不符合題意；第二空couldnothavedone表示“本不會(huì)做某事（實(shí)際上做了）”，不符合題意，因此此處要填入couldnotdo。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。15.【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。evolve“發(fā)展”；evaporate“使……蒸發(fā)”；escalate“逐步增強(qiáng)”；exalt“提升，提拔”。句意：那些憤怒和瘋狂的人放燒了巴黎郊區(qū)克里希所思的汽車和酒店，然后這個(gè)問題更嚴(yán)重了。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。16.【答案】第1題:A第2題:C第3題:B第4題:D第5題:B【解析】1.推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段“TowardtheendoftheeveningIcommentedthatwomenfrequentlycomplainthattheirhusbandsdon’ttalktothem.Thismanquicklynoddedinagreement.”晚上快結(jié)束的時(shí)候，我評(píng)論說(shuō)，女人經(jīng)常抱怨她們的丈夫不跟她們說(shuō)話。這個(gè)人立刻點(diǎn)頭表示同意。由此可知大多數(shù)妻子都是希望丈夫和她們多多溝通的，因此選項(xiàng)A正確。2.語(yǔ)義