2023年考研考博-考博英語-北京航空航天大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題薈萃帶答案

2023年考研考博-考博英語-北京航空航天大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題薈萃帶答案第1卷一.綜合題(共25題)1.單選題Thereare（）differencesbetweentheoryandpractice.問題1選項(xiàng)A.legibleB.ladenC.radicalD.medieval2.單選題Wearewritingtothemanager（）therepairsrecentlycarriedoutattheaboveaddress.問題1選項(xiàng)A.withtheexceptionofB.withthepurposeofC.withreferencetoD.withaviewto3.單選題AcenturyagointheUnitedStates,whenanindividualbroughtsuitagainstacompany,publicopiniontendedtoprotectthatcompany.Butperhapsthisphenomenonwasmoststrikinginthecaseoftherailroads.Nearlyhalfofallnegligencecasesdecidedthrough1896involvedrailroads.Andtherailroadsusuallywon.Mostofthecasesweredecidedinstatecourts,whentherailroadshadtheclimateofthetimesontheirsides.Governmentsupportedtherailroadindustry;theprogressrailroadsrepresentedwasnottobesloweddownbyrequiringthemoftentopaydamagestothoseunluckyenoughtobehurtworkingforthem.Courtdecisionsalwayswentagainstrailroadworkers.Mr.Farwell,anengineer,losthisrighthandwhenaswitchman’snegligenceranhisengineoffthetrack.ThecourtreasonedthatsinceFarwellhadtakenthejobofanengineervoluntarilyatgoodpay,hehadacceptedtherisk.Thereforetheaccident,thoughavoidablehadtheswitchmenactedcarefully,wasa“pureaccident”.Ineffectarailroadcouldneverbeheldresponsibleforinjurytooneemployeecausedbythemistakeofanother.InonecasewhereaPennsylvaniaRailroadworkerhadstartedafireatawarehouseandthefirehadspreadseveralblocks,causingwidespreaddamage,ajuryfoundthecompanyresponsibleforallthedamage.Butthecourtoverturnedthejury’sdecisionbecauseitarguedthattherailroad’snegligencewastheimmediatecauseofdamageonlytothenearestbuildings.Beyondthemtheconnectionwastooremotetoconsider.Asthecenturyworeon,publicsentimentbegantoturnagainsttherailroads—againsttheireconomicandpoliticalpowerandhighfaresaswellasagainsttheircallousness（無情）towardindividuals.1.Whatdoestheword“negligence”meaninthepassage?2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueinFarwell’scase?3.Whatmusthavehappenedafterthefirecasewassettledincourt?4.ThefollowingarousedpublicresentmentEXCEPT（）.5.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?問題1選項(xiàng)A.ignoranceB.arroganceC.carelessnessD.depression問題2選項(xiàng)A.Farwellwouldnothavebeeninjurediftheswitchmanhadbeenmorecareful.B.Thecourtarguedthatthevictimhadacceptedtherisksincehehadwillinglytakenhisjob.C.Thecourtdecidedthattherailroadshouldnotbeheldresponsible.D.Farwellwasinjuredbecausehenegligentlyranhisengineoffthetrack.問題3選項(xiàng)A.Therailroadcompensatedforthedamagetotheimmediatebuildings.B.Therailroadcompensatedforallthedamagebythefire.C.Therailroadpaidnothingforthedamagedbuilding.D.Therailroadworkerpaidforthepropertydamagehimself.問題4選項(xiàng)A.politicalpowerB.highfaresC.economiclossD.indifference問題5選項(xiàng)A.RailroadoppressingindividualsintheUS.B.HistoryoftheUSrailroads.C.Railroadworkers’workingrights.D.Lawcasesconcerningtherailroads.4.單選題Hisideasareinvariablycondemnedas（）byhiscolleagues.問題1選項(xiàng)A.imaginativeB.ingeniousC.impracticalD.theoretical5.單選題

Inthatcountrythecoinsareso（

）thatonehastocarrygreatquantitiesmakeasinglepurchase.問題1選項(xiàng)A.diminishedB.debasedC.degradedD.defaced6.單選題Atfirst,theresultsoftheexperimentseemed（）butfinallyapatternemerged.問題1選項(xiàng)A.fineB.graveC.genuineD.haphazard7.單選題Treesshouldonlybeprunedwhenthereisagoodandclearreasonfordoingsoand,fortunately，thenumberofsuchreasonsissmall.Pruninginvolvesthecuttingawayofovergrownandunwantedbranches,andtheinexperiencedgardenercanbeencouragedbythethoughtthatmoredamageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleavingthetreetogrowinitsownway.First,pruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize.Theobjectmaybetogetatreeoftherightheight,andatthesametimetohelpthegrowthofsmallsidebrancheswhichwillthickenitsappearanceorgiveitaspecialshape.Secondly,pruningmaybedonetomakethetreehealthier.Youmaycutdiseasedordeadwood,orbranchesthatarerubbingagainsteachotherandthuscausewounds.Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremovingbranchesthatareblockingupthecentreandsopreventingthefreemovementofair.Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwoundisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordisease,butitisawoundthatwillheal.Oftenthereisaracebetweenthehealingandthediseaseastowhetherthetreewillliveordie,sothatthereisaperiodwhenthetreeisatrisk.Itshouldbetheaimofeverygardenertoreducethatriskofdeathasfaraspossible.Itisessentialtomakethearea，whichhasbeenpruned,smoothandclean,forhealingwillbesloweddownbyroughness.Youshouldallowthecutsurfacetodryforafewhoursandthenpaintitwithoneofthesubstancesavailablefromgardenshopsproducedespeciallyforthispurpose.Pruningisusuallywithoutinterferencefromtheleavesandalsoitisveryunlikelythatthecutsyoumakewillbleed.Ifthisdoeshappen,itis,ofcourse,impossibletopaintthemproperly.1.Pruningshouldbedoneto（）.2.Treesbecomeunhealthyifthegardener（）.3.Whyisaspecialsubstancepaintedonthetree?4.Agoodgardenerprunesatree（）.5.Whatwastheauthor’spurposewhenwritingthispassage?問題1選項(xiàng)A.makethetreegrowtallerB.improvetheshapeofthetreeC.getridofthesmallbranchesD.makethesmallbranchesthicker問題2選項(xiàng)A.allowstoomanybranchestogrowinthemiddleB.doesnotprotectthemfromwindC.forcesthemtogrowtooquicklyD.damagessomeofthesmallsidebranches問題3選項(xiàng)A.Tomakeawoundsmooth.B.Topreventdiseaseenteringawound.C.Tocoveraroughsurface.D.Tohelpawoundtodry.問題4選項(xiàng)A.atintervalsthroughouttheyearB.asquicklyaspossibleC.occasionallywhennecessaryD.regulareverywinter問題5選項(xiàng)A.Togivepracticalinstructionforpruningatree.B.Togiveageneraldescriptionofpruning.C.Toexplainhowtreesdevelopdiseases.D.Todiscussdifferentmethodsofpruning.8.單選題Inrecentyears,teachersofintroductorycoursesinAsianAmericanstudieshavebeenfacingadilemmanonexistentafewdecadesago,whenhardlyanytextsinthatfieldwereavailable.Today,excellentanthologies（文選）andotherintroductorytextsexist,andbooksonindividualAsianAmeri-cansarepublishedalmostweekly.Evenprofessorswhoareexpertsinthefieldfinditdifficulttode-cidewhichofthesetoassigntostudents；non-expertswhoteachinrelatedareasandarelookingforwritingsforandbyAsianAmericantoincludeinsurveycoursesareinanevenworseposition.Acomplicatingfactorhasbeenthecontinuinglackofspecializedone-volumereferenceworksonAsianAmericans,suchasbiographicaldictionariesordesktopencyclopedias.Suchworkswouldena-blestudentstakingAsianAmericanstudiescourses（andprofessorsinrelatedfields）tolookupbasicinformationonAsianAmericanindividuals,institutions,history,andculturewithouthavingtowadethrough（費(fèi)力地閱讀冗長或艱深的材料）mountainsofprimarysourcematerial.Inaddition,givensuchworks,AsianAmericanstudiesprofessorsmightfeelmorefreetoincludemorechallengingAsianAmericanmaterialintheirintroductoryreadinglists,sincegoodreferenceworksallowstudentstoac-quireontheirownthebackgroundinformationnecessarytointerpretdifficultorunfamiliarmaterial.1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.2.The“dilemma”(Line2，Para.1)canbestbecharacterizedasbeingcausedbythenecessitytomakeachoicewhenfacedwitha（）3.Biographicaldictionariesanddesktopencyclopediasare（）.4.WhichofthefollowingisimpliedabouttheintroductorycoursesinAsianAmericanstudiesafewdecadesago?5.Accordingtothepassage,theexistenceofgoodone-volumereferenceworksaboutAsianAmeri-canscouldresultin（）問題1選項(xiàng)A.respondingtoacriticismB.describingacourseofstudyC.discussingaproblemD.evaluatingapastcourseofaction問題2選項(xiàng)A.lackofacceptablealternativesB.lackofstrictstandardsforevaluatingalternativesC.preponderanceofbadalternativesascomparedtogoodD.multitudeofdifferentalternatives問題3選項(xiàng)A.primarysourcematerialsB.introductorytextsC.excellentanthologiesD.referencematerials問題4選項(xiàng)A.Therangeofdifferenttextbooksthatcouldbeassignedforsuchwasextremelylimited.B.Thetextsassignedasreadingsinsuchcourseswereoftennotverychallengingforstudents.C.Studentsoftencomplainedaboutthetextsassignedtothem,insuchcourses.D.Suchcourseswereofferedonlyatschoolswhoselibrarieswererichinprimarysources.問題5選項(xiàng)A.increasedagreementamongprofessorsofAsianAmericanstudiesregardingthequalityofthesourcesavailableintheirfieldB.anincreaseinthenumberofstudentssighingupforintroductorycoursesinAsianAmericanstudiesC.increasedaccuracyinwritingsthatconcernAsianAmericanhistoryandcultureD.theinclusionofawiderrangeofAsianAmericanmaterialinintroductoryreadinglistsinAsi-anAmericanstudies9.單選題Hisphysicalandemotional（）toOxfordandtoMississippi,tothelandandtothepeoplethatshapedhim,wasatthecoreofhisbeing.問題1選項(xiàng)A.personalityB.characterC.fidelityD.morality10.翻譯題1.Eversinceitscreationover40yearsago，theInternethasremainedapredominantlyunre-strictedplace.Itisaplacewhereanyonecanpresentthemselvesinanyformtheychoose，butwhathappenswhenyourdigitalidentitybeginstomergewithyourreal-worldidentity?Arethosewhochoosetohidetheirrealnamesindangeroflosinganonymityonline?2.Suchisthepowerofanonymityonthewebthatithasmadeitpossibleforpeople—someof

whommightnormallyberestrictedfromcommunicatingwiththeoutsideworld—tospeakoutwithoutfearingtherepercussionsoftheiractions.Actionscouldputthemindangerifcarriedoutusingtheirrealnames.Concealingone’strueidentityonlinehasmadeitpossibleforfreespeechtobreakthroughthephysicalbarriersenforcedbygovernmentsanddictatorshipsacrosstheworld.3.Beinganonymousonthewebalsomakesitpossibleforpeopletodiscusssensitivesubjects，suchasmedicalconditions,physicalabuseandsexualorientation，withouttheseactionsaffectingtheireverydaylivesinanegativeorpotentiallyharmfulway.Therearemanypositivewaystouseanonymityontheweb,buttherecansometimesbeveryde-structivesideeffectstoo，suchasbullying,racism,impersonationofanindividualorindividualswhobelievetheyareunidentifiable.84.Whenthiskindofdamagingactivityiscarriedoutonline，howcantheoffendereverbeheldaccountablefortheiractionswhentheyarealmostentirelyuntraceableinavirtualworld?85.Alotofthetimetheysimplycannotbeidentifiedandthereforecannotbeheldaccountable，theoffendingindividualhidesbehindapseudonym，maskinghisorhertrueidentityandprotectingthemselvesfromtherepercussionsoftheiractions.Thisallsoundsverycomplicatedtoachieve，butinrealityit’sassimpleassettingupanemailaddress，creatinganonlineprofileunderafalsenameandcarryingoutmaliciousactsfromarandom,nondescriptlocation.11.單選題Thetownplanningcommissionsaidthattheirfinancialoutlookforthenextyearwasoptimistic.Theyexpectincreasedtax（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.efficiencyB.revenuesC.privilegesD.validity12.單選題Ashasalwaysbeenthecasewhentragedyhasstruckourcommunity,thepeopleofourtownfeeltheobligation,andrightlyso,to（）insupportofthevictimandhisfamily.問題1選項(xiàng)A.entrenchB.rallyC.disseminateD.apologize13.單選題Thelocalgovernmenthas（）thelandownerstofishthesewaters.問題1選項(xiàng)A.transformedB.ransferredC.licensedD.allocated14.單選題Heistheauthorofthisnovelwithhigh（）inthecountry.問題1選項(xiàng)A.coherenceB.prestigeC.consequenceD.commitment15.單選題Lymediseaseiscausedbybacteriathatare（）bydeertick.問題1選項(xiàng)A.emittedB.transmittedC.communicatedD.distributed16.單選題Parentsoftenfacedthe（）betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhattheycouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.問題1選項(xiàng)A.paradoxB.dilemmaC.junctionD.premise17.單選題Theymadedetailedinvestigationsto（）themselveswiththeneedsoftheruralmarket.問題1選項(xiàng)A.adhereB.acknowledgeC.acquaintD.activate18.單選題Parentsoftenfacedthe（）betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhattheycouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.問題1選項(xiàng)A.junctionB.paradoxC.premiseD.dilemma19.單選題Johnwasnotselected（）;hewaschosenforthejobbecausehehadthemostexperience.問題1選項(xiàng)A.deliberatelyB.alternativelyC.momentouslyD.arbitrarily20.單選題Tomysurprise,thehousewhichlookedrathershabbyoutsidewasluxuriouslyand（）furnishedinside.問題1選項(xiàng)A.artificiallyB.arrogantlyC.arbitrarilyD.artistically21.單選題

TheEnglishlanguagecontainsa(an)（）ofwordswhicharecomparativelyseldomusedinordinaryconversation.問題1選項(xiàng)A.altitudeB.latitudeC.multitudeD.attitude22.單選題Althoughmostdreamsapparentlyhappen（）,dreamactivitymaybeprovokedbyexternalinfluences.問題1選項(xiàng)A.spontaneouslyB.simultaneouslyC.homogeneouslyD.instantaneously23.單選題Theship’sgeneratorbrokedown，andthepumpshadtobeoperated（）in-steadofmechanically.問題1選項(xiàng)A.manuallyB.artificiallyC.automaticallyD.synthetically24.翻譯題Thedimensionsoftourismareastonishing.In2012，theU.N.tourismorganizationcelebratedreaching1billioninternationaltripsinasingleyear.Ingrosseconomicpoweritisinthesamecompanyasoil,energy,financeandagriculture.Atleastoneoutofeverytenpeoplearoundtheworldisemployedbytheindustry,accordingtoWolfgangWeinzoftheInternationalLabourOrganization.Travelhasalsobecomeadefaultfund-raisingtechnique.（1）Todaypoornationsseetourismastheirbestbetoutofpoverty，secondonlytooilandenergyasthemajorengineofdevelopment.Thailandistheworld’sbiggestexporterofrice,yetitstourismisitsnum-ber-onemoneyearner.CostaRicahasturneditswildernessintoavenueforhighlyprofita-bleecotcurism.AssoonasSriLanka,andnowBurma，beganseeinganendtoconflict,theyopenedthedoortoarushoftourists.AftertheArabSpringuprising,Egyptsentoutapleatocruisecompaniesandtouroperatorstoreturnandkick-starttheeconomy（2）TheU.N.tourismorganizationnowplacespovertyreductionasoneofitstopob-jectives，alongwiththehigh-mindedidealsofimprovinginternationalpeaceandprosperi-ty.SincetheendoftheColdWarandtheopeningoftheworldfortravel，tourismhasbe-comeanimportantsourceofforeignexchangefortheworld’spoorestnations,oftentheonlyone.Whiletourismrequiressomeinfrastructure,fromairfieldstomodernhigh-ways.Itislessexpensivethanbuildingfactories.Intheory,poorcountriesshouldbeabletousethenewrevenuefromthetourismindustrytopayfortheinfrastructurewhileraisingstandardsoflivingandimprovingtheenvironment.Onehundredoftheworld’spoorestna-tionsdoearnupto5percentoftheirgrossnationalproductfromforeigntouristswhomar-velattheirexoticcustoms，buysuitcasesofsouvenirsandtakeinnumerablephotographsofstunninglandscapes.（3）Butjustastourismiscapableofliftinganationoutofpoverty，itisjustaslikelytopollutetheenvironment，reducestandardsoflivingforthepoorbecausetheprofitsgotointernationalhotelchainsandcorruptlocalelites，andcatertotheworstoftourism,in-cludingcondemningchildrentheexploitationofsextourism.Likeanymajorindustry,tourismhasaseriousdownside,especiallysincetourismandtravelisunderestimatedasaglobalpowerhouse，itsstudyandregulationisspottyatbest.（4）Tourism

isoneofthosedouble-edgedswordsthatmaylooklikeaneasywaytoearndesperatelyneededmoneybutcanravagewildernessareasandunderminenativeculturestofitintopackagetours:afifteen-minutesnippetofaballetperformedinSouthernIndia；nativehandicraftsrefashionedtofitoversizetour-ists.Whatisknownisthattourismandtravelisresponsiblefor5.3percentoftheworld’scarbonemissionsandthedegradationofnearlyeverytropicalbeachintheworld.Tomakewayformoreresortswithspectacularviews，developersdestroynativehabi-tatsandignorelocalconcerns.（5）Preservationistsdecrythegrowingpropensitytobulldozeoldhotelsandbuildingsinfavorofconstructingnewresorts，waterholesandentertain-mentspotsthatlookidenticalwhetherinSingapore，DubaiorJohannesburg，aworldwherediversityisreplacedwithhomogeneity.Anothercatastropheforcountriesbettingontourismhascomefromwealthyvacationerswhofallinlovewithacountryandbuysomanysecondhousesthatlocalscannolongeraffordtoliveintheirowntownsandvillages.25.單選題Thefrontmatterofabookconsistsofthetitle,subtitle,tableofcontents,andpre-face.Butthe（1）ofreaderswhopaynoattentiontothesignalsislargerthanyoumightexpect,unlessyouhappentobeoneofthosewhoare（2）toadmitit.Ihavethisexpe-rienceagainandagain（3）students.Ihaveaskedthem（4）abookwasabout.Ihaveaskedthemtotellme,inthemostgeneral（5）,whatsortofbookitwas.This,Ihave（6）,

isagoodway,almostanindispensable（7）,tobeginadiscussion.Manystudentsare（8）toanswerthisfirstandsimplestquestionaboutthebook.Sometimestheyapologize（9）thattheyhaven’tfinishedreadingityet,and（10）donoknow.That’sno（11）,Ipointout.Didyoulookatthetitle?Didyoustudythe（12）?Didyoureadthepreface（13）introduction?No，theydidnot.Thefrontmatterofabook（14）tobelikethetickingofaclock,（15）younoticeonlywhenitisnotthere.Onereasonwhytitlesandprefacesare（16）bysomanyreadersisthattheydonotthink（71）importanttoclarifythebooktheyarereading，Theydonotfollowthisfirst（18）.Iftheytriedtofollowit,they（19）begratefultotheauthor（20）them.問題1選項(xiàng)A.majorityB.amountC.numberD.figure問題2選項(xiàng)A.toohonestB.enoughhonestC.honestenoughD.sohonest問題3選項(xiàng)A.withB.inC.fromD.over.問題4選項(xiàng)A.whatkindB.allthatC.whatD.which問題5選項(xiàng)A.wordsB.expressionsC.phrasesD.terms問題6選項(xiàng)A.thoughtB.knownC.understoodD.found問題7選項(xiàng)A.wayB.subjectC.thingD.manner問題8選項(xiàng)A.ableB.failingC.unableD.incapable問題9選項(xiàng)A.bysayingB.forsayingC.tosayD.saying問題10選項(xiàng)A.thenB.thereforeC.soD.otherwise問題11選項(xiàng)A.wayB.senseC.excuseD.reason問題12選項(xiàng)A.chaptersB.contentsC.indexD.appendix問題13選項(xiàng)A.andB.withC.orD.also問題14選項(xiàng)A.happensB.appearsC.usedD.looks問題15選項(xiàng)A.thatB.somethingC.whichD.nothing問題16選項(xiàng)A.ignoredB.forgottenC.missedD.escaped問題17選項(xiàng)A.thisB.thatC.itD.so問題18選項(xiàng)A.ruleB.exampleC.adviceD.suggestion問題19選項(xiàng)A.willB.wouldC.needD.should問題20選項(xiàng)A.tohelpB.forhelpingC.inhelpingD.helping第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】C【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:理論和實(shí)踐之間有根本的區(qū)別。故選C。

2.【答案】C【解析】短語辨析。句意：我們正在給經(jīng)理寫信，

近期在上述地址開展的維修工作。withtheexceptionof除……以外；withthepurposeof目的是；withreferenceto關(guān)于；withaviewto為了。因此，C項(xiàng)符合句意。3.【答案】第1題:C第2題:D第3題:A第4題:C第5題:D【解析】1.根據(jù)題干“negligence”定位至第三段：Mr.Farwell,anengineer,losthisrighthandwhenaswitchman’snegligenceranhisengineoffthetrack（法威爾先生是鐵路公司的一名工程師，由于一名扳道工因negligence而導(dǎo)致機(jī)車脫離軌道，法威爾失去了右手）。由此推測negligence意為疏忽，過失。ignorance無知，愚昧，arrogance傲慢，carelessness粗心，疏忽，depression沮喪；經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條。據(jù)此可知，C項(xiàng)正確。2.文章第三段指明是一位扳道工由于疏忽而導(dǎo)致機(jī)車脫離軌道，法威爾失去了右手，而非法威爾本人。D項(xiàng)的說法錯(cuò)誤。3.題干問的是法院對火災(zāi)案的判決結(jié)果。第四段指出：ajuryfoundthecompanyresponsibleforallthedamage.Butthecourtoverturned...Beyondthemtheconnectionwastooremotetoconsider（陪審團(tuán)裁決鐵路公司負(fù)責(zé)全部損失，但法院推翻了陪審團(tuán)的決定，認(rèn)為鐵路公司的疏忽只是直接導(dǎo)致最鄰近的建筑物受到損失，因而只對此負(fù)責(zé)任，而離得較遠(yuǎn)的房屋的損失則不在賠償范圍）。因此，鐵路公司只賠償最鄰近的建筑物受到的損失。4.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞resentment定位至最后一段：Publicsentimentbegantoturnagainsttherailroads—againsttheireconomicandpoliticalpowerandhighfaresaswellasagainsttheircallousnesstowardindividuals（公眾輿論開始反對鐵路公司——反對他們在經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治上的權(quán)力、高票價(jià)以及他們對個(gè)人的冷漠無情。據(jù)此可知，C選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)損失”不包括在里面。5.本文主要討論的是與鐵路公司有關(guān)的法律案件。4.【答案】C【解析】句意：他的想法總是被同事們認(rèn)為（）。condemn意為“譴責(zé)，反對”，表明其后的形容詞應(yīng)為貶義詞。A選項(xiàng)imaginative想象的，虛構(gòu)的；B選項(xiàng)ingenious聰明的，精巧的；C選項(xiàng)impractical不切實(shí)際的，不實(shí)用的；D選項(xiàng)theoretical理論上的。C選項(xiàng)impractical符合句意和邏輯。

5.【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。diminish削弱，減少debase貶值，降低degrade降級(jí)deface損傷外觀，丑化。句意：那個(gè)國家的貨幣如此_____,人們買一樣?xùn)|西都得帶許多錢。由onehastocarrygreatquantitiestomakeasinglepurchase.可知貨幣不值錢，貨幣貶值，所以答案B。6.【答案】D【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：起初，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果似乎是偶然的，但最終出現(xiàn)了一種模式。因此選D。

7.【答案】第1題:B第2題:A第3題:B第4題:C第5題:A【解析】1.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Pruningshouldbedone”定位至第二段：pruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize（修枝是為了確保樹木按照所需要的形狀或大小生長）。因此，B項(xiàng)為正確答案。2.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Treesbecomeunhealthy”定位至第二段：Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremovingbranchesthatareblockingupthecentre…（剪去堵塞中心的樹枝可以促進(jìn)樹木的健康）。因此推測，樹木中心的樹枝太多不利于樹木的生長，A項(xiàng)為正確答案。3.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“specialsubstancepaintedonthetree”定位至第三段：Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwoundisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordisease...andthenpaintitwithoneofthesubstancesavailablefromgardenshopsproducedespeciallyforthispurpose.由此可知，在樹木切口表面漆上特殊的材料就是為了防止病害從樹木切口進(jìn)入，B項(xiàng)為正確答案。4.第一段指出：moredamageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleavingthetreetogrowinitsownway（不必要的剪枝會(huì)給樹木帶來更多的傷害）。由此推測，好的園丁只是在必要的時(shí)候才修剪樹木，C項(xiàng)為正確答案。5.通篇作者在闡述什么情況下修剪樹木并且詳細(xì)介紹了原因和方法。因此，作者的目的是在修剪樹木方面給予實(shí)踐指導(dǎo)，A項(xiàng)為正確答案。8.【答案】第1題:C第2題:D第3題:D第4題:A第5題:D【解析】1.主旨題。本文主要講述了亞美研究中教授基礎(chǔ)課程的老師一直面臨著不知道向?qū)W生推薦哪本教科書的困境。因此C項(xiàng)正確。2.細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段指出：Evenprofessorswhoareexpertsinthefieldfinditdifficulttodecidewhichofthesetoassigntostudents（即使是這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的專家也很難推薦教科書），因此，D項(xiàng)“面臨多種選擇的困境”正確。3.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Biographicaldictionariesanddesktopencyclopedias”定位至第二段：Acomplicatingfactorhasbeenthecontinuinglackofspecializedone-volumereferenceworksonAsianAmericans,suchasbiographicaldictionariesordesktopencyclopedias（一個(gè)復(fù)雜的原因是在亞裔美國人身上一直缺乏專門的一卷參考書，如傳記詞典或桌面百科全書）。因此，D項(xiàng)referencematerials（參考資料）正確。4.細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段指出：Inrecentyears，teachersofintroductorycoursesinAsianAmericanstudieshavebeenfacingadilemmanonexistentafewdecadesago,whenhardlyanytextsinthatfieldwereavailable（近幾年來，亞美研究入門課程的教師們面臨著幾十年前不存在的兩難境地，當(dāng)時(shí)幾乎沒有這方面的教材）。因此，A項(xiàng)“能用作教科書的資料極其有限”正確。5.細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段指出：sincegoodreferenceworksallowstudentstoacquireontheirownthebackgroundinformationnecessarytointerpretdifficultorunfamiliarmaterial（因?yàn)楹玫膮⒖假Y料可以讓學(xué)生獲得必要的背景信息并解讀難的不熟悉的資料）。因此D項(xiàng)“包含在更廣泛的亞美研究的閱讀書目中”正確。9.【答案】C【解析】名詞辨析。句意：全身心的（）是他的全部：無論是對牛津和密西西比，還是對那片土地和那些塑造他的人。personality個(gè)性；character性格；fidelity忠誠；morality道德。故選C。

10.【答案】1.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)從創(chuàng)立以來已有40多年的歷史，但它現(xiàn)在仍然是一個(gè)相當(dāng)不受約束的地方。在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上，任何人都可以按他們意愿選擇任何方式來展示自己。但是當(dāng)你的電子身份和現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的身份開始合二為一時(shí)，會(huì)發(fā)生什么事情呢？2.網(wǎng)絡(luò)匿名的好處是：它可以使那些可能通常被限制與外界溝通的人暢所欲言，并且不用擔(dān)心他們的這些行為造成的影響。3.在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上匿名還可以讓人們討論一些敏感話題，比如醫(yī)療條件、身體虐待、性取向等話題。這些行為并不會(huì)對他們的日常生活產(chǎn)生消極的或潛在的不利影響。4.當(dāng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)上出現(xiàn)這種破壞性行為時(shí)，違法者在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中幾乎完全無跡可尋，在這種情況下，他們該如何對自己的行為負(fù)責(zé)呢？5.大多數(shù)時(shí)候，他們因?yàn)樯矸轃o法確定而不能被問責(zé)。這些違法的個(gè)體隱藏在假名后面，以遮掩他或她的真實(shí)身份，同時(shí)保護(hù)他們不受自身行為的影響。11.【答案】B【解析】名詞辨析。句意：城鎮(zhèn)規(guī)劃委員會(huì)對他們下一年的經(jīng)濟(jì)前景持樂觀態(tài)度。他們期盼稅收增加。efficiency效率；revenue稅收，收益；privilege特權(quán)；validity有效性。taxrevenue表示“稅收”，是常用詞組。故本題選B。12.【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。句意：當(dāng)社會(huì)內(nèi)有悲劇事情發(fā)生時(shí)，我們鎮(zhèn)的居民感到有義務(wù)，（）以支持受害者和他的家人。entrench保衛(wèi)、防護(hù)；rally重整、團(tuán)結(jié)；disseminate散播、宣傳；apologizes道歉。B項(xiàng)rallyin意為“舉行集會(huì)”符合句意。

13.【答案】C【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：當(dāng)?shù)卣呀?jīng)（）地主在河里釣魚。transformed轉(zhuǎn)變；transferred移動(dòng)、轉(zhuǎn)移；licensed許可；allocated分配。故選C。

14.【答案】B【解析】名詞辨析。句意：他是這本小說的作者，在這個(gè)國家有很高的（）。coherence統(tǒng)一，連貫性；prestige聲望，名望；consequence結(jié)果，推論，重要性；commitment承諾，委托。因此，B項(xiàng)符合句意。

15.【答案】B【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。B選項(xiàng)transmitted意為“傳播，傳染（疾病）”。句意：萊姆病是一種由鹿蜱傳播的細(xì)菌所（）的疾病。A選項(xiàng)emitted發(fā)出，發(fā)射；B選項(xiàng)transmitted傳播，傳染（疾?。?；C選項(xiàng)communicated傳達(dá)，表達(dá)；D選項(xiàng)distributed分配，散布。B選項(xiàng)transmitted符合句意

16.【答案】B【解析】句意：父母們經(jīng)常面對這樣的（）：是選擇做他們認(rèn)為對孩子發(fā)展好的事情，還是選擇對孩子吵鬧和破壞放任自由。A選項(xiàng)paradox自相矛盾；B選項(xiàng)dilemma進(jìn)退兩難；C選項(xiàng)junction連接，接合；會(huì)合點(diǎn)；D選項(xiàng)premise前提；假定，B選項(xiàng)dilemma符合句意。

17.【答案】C【解析】固定搭配。此處為固定搭配，acquaintwith意為“熟悉，了解”。

18.【答案】D【解析】名詞辨析。句意：父母經(jīng)常面臨這樣的

：是做自己認(rèn)為對孩子發(fā)展有利的事情還是坐視孩子毫無紀(jì)律的吵鬧和破壞。junction接合點(diǎn)，會(huì)合點(diǎn)；paradox悖論，自相矛盾的人或事；premise前提，假設(shè)；dilemma困境，進(jìn)退兩難?？崭窈笥小癰etween...and...”，因此這里說的是父母在教育孩子時(shí)陷入進(jìn)退兩難的境況，D項(xiàng)dilemma符合句意。19.