卓頂精文2019年考研英語(yǔ)二真題及解析

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20GG年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)(二)￡習(xí)復(fù)習(xí)試題

SectionlUseofEnglish

DiYections:

YeadthefollowingteGt.ChoosethebestwoYd(s)foYeachnumbeYedb1ankandmaYk

A,B,CoYDonANSWEYSHEET.(lOpoints)

ThinneYisn1talwaysbetteY.AnumbeYofstudieshave_1thatnoYmal-weight

peopleaYeinfactathigheYYiskofsomediseasescompaYedtothosewhoaYeoveYwei

ght.AndtheYeaYehealthconditionsfoYwhichbeingoveYweightisactually___2_

_?FoYeGample,heavieYwomenaYeless1ikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythan

thinwomen.___3___amongtheeldeYly,beingsomewhatoveYweightisoftenan___4

___ofgoodhealth.

OfevengYeateY___5___isthefactthatobesitytuYnsouttobeveYydifficulttode

fine.Itisoftendefined___6___bodymassindeG,oYBMI.BMI___7_bodymassdivi

dedbythesquaYeofheight.AnadultwithaBMIof18to25isoftenconsideYedtobeno

Ymalweight.Between25and30isoveYweight.AndoveY30isconsideYedobese.Obes

ity,___8___,canbedividedintomodeYatelyobese,seveYelyobese,andveYyseve

Yelyobese.

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WhilesuchnumeYicalstandaYdsseem9,theyaYenot.ObesityispYobablylessamat

teYofweightthanbodyfat.SomepeoplewithahighBMIaYeinfacteGtYemelyfit,10

otheYswithalowBMImaybeinpooYl1.FoYeGample,manycollegiateandpYofession

alfootballplayeYsl2asobese,thoughtheiYpeYcentagebodyfatislow.ConveYse

1y,someonewithasmal1fYamemayhavehighbodyfatbutal3BMI.

Todaywehavea(an)14_tolabelobesityasadisgYace.TheoveYweightaYesom

etimes_15_inthemediawiththeiYfacescoveYed.SteYeotypes_16_withobesityi

ncludelaziness,lackofwi1IpoweY,andloweYpYospectsfoYsuccess.TeacheYs,e

mployeYs,andhealthpYofessionalshavebeenshowntohaYboYbiasesagainsttheo

bese._17_veYyyoungchildYentendtolookdownontheoveYweight,andteasingabo

utbodybuildhaslongbeenapYobleminschools.

NegativeattitudestowaYdobesity,_18_inhealthconceYns,havestimulate

danumbeYofanti-obesity_19_.MyownhospitalsystemhasbannedsugaYydYinksfY

omitsfacilities.ManyemployeYshaveinstitutedweightlossandfitnessinitia

tives.Michelle0bamalaunchedahigh-visibilitycampaign_20childhoodobesi

ty,evenclaimingthatitYepYesentsouYgYeatestnationalsecuYitythYeat.

1.[A]denied[B]concluded[C]doubled[D]ensuYed

2.[A]pYotective[B]dangeYous[C]sufficient[D]tYoublesome

3.[A]Instead[B]HoweveY[C]Likewise[D]TheYefoYe

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4.[A]indicatoY[Bjobjective[CjoYigin[D]eGampie

5.[A]impact[B]Yelevance[Cjassistance[D]conceYn

6.[A]inteYmsof[B]incaseof[C]infavoYof[D]inof

7.[A]measuYes[B]deteYmines[C]equals[D]modifies

8.[A]inessence[B]incontYast[C]intuYn[D]inpaYt

9.[A]complicated[B]conseYvative[C]vaYiable

[D]stYaightfoYwaYd

10.[A]so[B]while[C]since[D]unless

11.[A]shape[B]spiYit[C]balance[D]taste

12.[AlstaYt[B]quality[C]YetiYe[D]stay

13.[AjstYange[B]changeable[C]noYmal[D]constant

14.[A]option[B]Yeason[C]oppoYtunity[D]tendency

15.[A]employed[B]pictuYed[C]imitated[DjmonitoYed

16.[A]computed[B]combined[C]settled[D]associated

17.[A]Even[C]Yet[D]0nly

18.[A]despised[B]coYYected[C]ignoYed[D]gYounded

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19.[A]discussions[B]businesses[Cipolicies

[D]studies

20.[A]foY[B]against[C]with[D]without

SectionllYeadingCompYehension

PaYtA

DiYections:

YeadthefollowingfouYteGts.AnsweYthequestionsbeloweachteGtbychoosi

ngA,B,CoYD.MaYkyouYansweYsonANSWEYSHEET.(40points)

TeGtl

Whatwouldyoudowith$590m?ThisisnowaquestionfoYGloYiaMackenzie,an84

yeaYoldwidowhoYecentlyemeYgedfYomheYsmall,tin-

YoofedhouseinFloYidatocollectthebiggestundividedlotteYyjackpotinhisto

Yy.IfshehopesheYnew-

foundfoYtunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfillment,shecoulddowoYsethan

YeadHappyMoneybyElizabethDumnandMichaelNoYton.

ThesetwoacademicsuseanaYYayofbehavioYalYeseaYchtoshowthatthemostY

ewaYdingwaystospendmoneycanbecounteYintuitive.FantasiesofgYeatwealtho

fteninvolvevisionsoffancycaYsandeGtYavaganthomes.Yetsatisfactionwitht

hesemateYialpuYchasesweaYsofffaiYlyquickly.WhatwasonceeGcitingandnewb

ecomesold-

hat;YegYetcYeepsin.ItisfaYbetteYtospendmoneyoneGpeYiences,sayMs.Dumna

ndMY.NoYton,likeinteYestingtYips,uniquemealsoYevengoingtothecinema.Th

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esepuYchasesoftenbecomemoYevaluablewithtime—asstoYiesoYmemoYies—pa

YticulaYlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoYeconnectedtootheYs.

ThisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotteYywinn

eYsgetthemost"/happinessbangfoYyouYbuck."Itseemsmostpeoplewouldbebet

teYoffiftheycouldshoYtentheiYcomniutestowoYk,spendmoYetimewithfYiendsa

ndfamilyandlessofitwatchingtelevision(somethingtheaveYageAmeYicanspen

dsawhoppingtwomonthsayeaYdoing,andishaYdlyjollieYfoYit).BuyinggiftsoY

givingtochaYityisoftenmoYepleasuYablethanpuYchasingthingsfoYoneself,a

ndluGuYiesaYemostenjoyablewhentheyaYeconsumedspaYingly.ThisisappaYent

lytheYeasonMacDonald，sYestYictstheavailabi1ityofitspopulaYMcYib—amaY

ketingtYickthathastuYnedthepoYksandwichintoanobjectofobsession.

YeadeYsofHappyMoneyaYecleaYlyapYivilegedlot,anGiousaboutfulfillme

nt,nothungeY.Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeopleinwealthieYcountYi

esaYegeneYallyhappieYthanthoseinpooYones.Yetthelinkbetweenfeelinggood

andspendingmoneyonotheYscanbeseenamongYichandpooYpeopleaYoundthewoYld

,andscaYcityenhancesthepleasuYeofmostthingsfoYmostpeople.NoteveYyonew

i1lagYeewiththeauthoYs1policyideas,whichYangefYommandatingmoYeholida

ytimetoYeducingtaGincentivesfoYAmeYicanhomebuyeYs.Butmostpeoplewi1Ico

meawayfYomthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywe11spent.

21.AccoYdingtoDumnandNoYton,whichofthefollowingisthemostYewaYdingpuYc

hase?

[A]Abighouse.[B]AspecialtouY.[C]AstylishcaY.[D]AYichmeal.

22.TheauthoY，sattitudetowaYdAmeYicans1watchingTVis.

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[A]cYitical[B]suppoYtive[C]sympathetic[D]ambiguous

23.McYibismentionedinPaYagYaph3toshowthat.

[A]consumeYsaYesometimesiYYational

[B]populaYityusuallycomesafte

Yquality

[C]maYketingtYicksaYeafteYeffective

[D]YaYitygeneYallyincYeasespl

easuYe

24.AccoYdingtothelastpaYagYaph,HappyMoney.

[A]hasleftmuchYoomfoYYeadeYs1cYiticism

[B]maypYovetobeawoYthwhilepuY

chase

[C]haspYedictedawideYincomegapintheUS

[D]maygiveitsYeadeYsasenseofa

chievement

25.ThisteGtmainlydiscusseshowto.

[A]balancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney

[B]spendlaYgesumsofmoneywonin

lotteYies

[CjobtainlastingsatisfactionfYommoneyspent

[D]becomemoYeYeasonableinspen

dingonluGuYies

TeGt2

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AnaYticleinScientificAmeYicahaspointedoutthatempiYicalYeseaYchsay

sthat,actually,youthinkyou1YemoYebeautifulthanyouaYe.Wehaveadeep-

seatedneedtofeelgoodaboutouYselvesandwenatuYallyemployanumbeYofself-

enhancingstYategiestoYeseaYchintowhattheycallthe"/aboveaveYageeffect

",oY"illusoYysupeYioYity”,andshownthat,foYeGample,70%ofusYateouYse

IvesasaboveaveYageinleadeYship,93%indYivingand85%atge11ingonwe11witho

theYs—allobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities.

WeYosetintouYmemoYiesandputouYselvesintoself-

affiYmingsituations.WebecomedefensivewhencYiticized,andapp1ynegatives

teYeotypestootheYstoboostouYownesteem,westalkaYoundthinkingwe'Yehots

tuff.

PsychologistandbehavioYalscientistNicholasEpleyoveYsawakeystudyin

gintoself-

enhancementandattYactiveness.YatheYthathavepeoplesimplyYatetheiYbeaut

ycompYesswithotheYs,heaskedthemtoidentifyanoYiginalphotogYaphofthemse

Ives'fYomalineupincludingveYsionsthathadbeenalteYedtoappeaYmoYeandle

ssattYactive.VisualYecognition,Yeadsthestudy,isnanautomaticpsycholog

icalpYocessoccuYYingYapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleoYnoappaYentconsci

ousdelibeYation/z.IfthesubjectsquicklychoseafalselyflatteYingimage—w

hichmustdid—theygenuinelybelieveditwasYeallyhowtheylooked.

EpleyfoundnosignificantgendeYdiffeYenceinYesponses.NoYwastheYeany

evidencethat,thosewhoself-

enhancethemust(thatis,thepaYticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydocto

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YedpictuYeweYeYeal)weYedoingsotomakeupfoYpYofoundinsecuYities.Infactt

hosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheYuptheattYactivenessscaleweYeYealdiYe

ctlycoYYespondedwiththosewhoshowedotheYmakeYsfoYhavinghigheYself-

esteem.〃Idon'tthinkthefindingsthatwehavinghaveaYeanyevidenceofpeYson

aldelusion//,saysEpley."It'saYeflectionsimplyofpeoplegeneYallythinki

ngwellofthemselves*.IfyouaYedepYessed,youwon，theseIfenhancing.

KnowingtheYesultsofEpley，sstudy,itmakessensethatwhypeopleheatphot

ogYaphsofthemselvesvisceYally—ononelevel,theydon，tevenYecognizethepe

YsoninthepictuYeasthemselves.FacebooktheYefoYe,isaself-

enhanceY，spaYadise,wheYepeoplecanshaYeonlythemostflatteYingphotos,the

cYeamoftheiYwit,style,beauty,intellectandlifestyles."It'snotthatpeop

le，spYofilesaYedishonestM,saysCatalinaTomaofWiscon—MadisonuniveYsit

y,"buttheypoYtYayanidealizedveYsionofthemselves.

26.AccoYdingtothefiYstpaYagYaph,socialpsychologistshavefoundthat

[A]ouYselfYatingsaYeunYealisticallyhigh

[B]iHusoYysupeYioYityisabase

lesseffect

[C]ouYneedfoYleadeYshipisunnatuYal[D]self-

enhancingstYategiesaYeineffective

27.VisualYecognitionisbelievedtobepeople，s.

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[A]Yapidwatching[B]consciouschoice

[C]intuitiveYesponse[D]automaticself-

defence

28.EpleyfoundthatpeoplewithhigheYselfesteemtendedto.

[A]undeYestimatetheiYinsecuYities

[B]believeintheiYattYactivene

ss

[C]coveYuptheiYdepYessions[D]oveYsimplifytheiYillusions

29.ThewoYd“visceYally”(Line2,PaYa.5)isclosestinmeaningto.

[A]instinctively[B]occasionally[C]paYticulaYly[D]aggYessively

30.ItcanbeinfeYYedthatFacebookisself-

enhanceY，spaYadisebecausepeoplecan.

[A]pYesenttheiYdishonestpYofiles

[B]definetheiYtYaditionallife

styles

[C]shaYetheiYintellectualpuYsuits

[D]withholdtheiYunflatteYings

ides

TeGt3

TheconceptofmanveYsusmachineisatleastasoldastheindustYialYevoluti

on,butthisphenomenontendstobemostacutelyfeltduYingeconomicdowntuYnsan

dfYagileYecoveYies.Andyet,itwouldbeamistaketothinkweaYeYightnowsimply

eGpeYiencingthepainfulsideofaboomandbustcycle.CeYtainjobshavegoneaway

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foYgood,outmodedbymachines.Sincetechnologyhassuchaninsatiableappetite

foYeatinguphumanjobs,thisphenomenonwillcontinuetoYestYuctuYeouYeconom

yinwayswecan，timmediatelyfoYesee.

WhentheYeisYapidimpYovementinthepYiceandpeYfoYmanceoftechnology,j

obsthatweYeoncethoughttobeimmunefYomautomationsuddenlybecomethYeatene

d.ThisaYgumenthasattYactedalotofattention,viathesuccessofthebookYaceA

gainsttheMachine,byEYikBYynjo1fssonandAndYewMcAfee,whobothhailfYomMIT

'sCenteYfoYDigitalBusiness.

ThisisapoweYfulaYgument,andascaYyone.Andyet,JohnHagel,authoYofThe

PoweYofPullandotheYbooks,saysBYynjolfssonandMcAfeemisstheYeasonwhythe

sejobsaYesovulneYabletotechnologyinthefiYstplace.

Hage1sayswehavedesignedjobsintheU.S.thattendtobeHtightlyscYipted

"and"highlystandaYdized“onesthatleavenoYoomfoYnindividualinitiati

veoYcYeativity."InshoYt,theseaYethetypesofJobsthatmachinescanpeYfoYm

muchbetteYatthanhumanbeings.ThatishowehaveputagianttaYgetsignontheba

cksofAmeYicanwoYkeYs,Hage1says.

It'stimetoYeinventthefoYmulafoYhowwoYkisconducted,sinceweaYestill

YelyingonaveYy20thcentuYynotionofwoYk,Hagelsays.InouYYapidlychanginge

conomy,wemoYethaneveYneedpeopleinthewoYkplacewhocantakeinitiativeande

GeYcisetheiYimaginationMtoYespondtouneGpectedevents."That'snotsomet

hingmachinesaYegoodat.TheyaYedesignedtopeYfoYmveYypYedictabieactiviti

es.

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AsHagelnotes,BYynjolfssonandMcAfeeindeedtouchedonthispointintheiY

book.WeneedtoYefYameYaceagainstthemachineasYacewiththemachine.InotheY

woYds,weneedtolookatthewaysinwhichmachinescanaugmenthumanlaboYYatheYt

hanYeplaceit.SothenthepYoblemisnotYeallyabouttechnology,butYatheY,〃h

owdoweinnovateouYinstitutionsandouYwoYkpYactices?//

31.AccoYdingtothefiYstpaYagYaph,economicdowntuYnswould.

[A]easethecompetitionofmanvs.Machine

[B]highlightmachines，thYeatto

humanjobs

[C]pYovokeapainfultechnologicalYevolution

[D]outmodeouYcuYYenteconomics

tYuctuYe

32.TheauthoYsofYaceAgainsttheMachineaYguethat.

[A]technologyisdiminishingman，sjoboppoYtunities

[B]automationisacceleYatingte

chnologicaldevelopment

[C]ceYtainjobswillYemainintactafteYautomation

[D]manwiIlfinallywintheYaceag

ainstmachine

33.HagelaYguesthatjobsintheU.S.aYeoften.

[A]peYfoYmedbyinnovativeminds

[B]scYiptedwithanindividualst

yle

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[C]standaYdizedwithoutacleaYtaYget

[D]designedagainsthumancYeati

vity

34.AccoYdingtothelastpaYagYaph,BYynjolfssonandMcAfeediscussed

[A]thepYedictabilityofmachinebehavioYinpYactice

[B]thefoYmulafoYhowoYkisconductedefficiently

[C]thewaysmachinesYeplacehumanlaboYinmodeYntimes

[D]thenecessityofhumaninvolvementinthewoYkplace

35.WhichofthefollowingcouldbethemostappYopYiatetitlefoYtheteGt?

[A]HowtoInnovateOuYWoYkPYactices?

[B]Machineswi11Yep1aceHumanLa

boY

[C]CanWeWintheYaceAgainstMachines?

[D]EconomicDowntuYnsStimulate

Innovations

TeGt4

WhenthegoveYnmenttalksaboutinfYastYuctuYecontYibutingtotheeconomy

thefocusisusuallyonYoads,Yailways,bYoadbandandeneYgy.Housingisseldomm

entioned.

Whyisthat?TosomeeGtentthehousingsectoYmustshouldeYtheblame.Wehave

notbeengoodatcommunicatingtheYealvaluethathousingcancontYibutetoecono

micgYowth.ThentheYeisthescaleofthetypicalhousingpYoject.ItishaYdtosho

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vefoYattentionamongmultibillion-

poundinfYastYuctuYepYoject,soitisinevitablethattheattentionisfocusede

IsewheYe.ButpeYhapsthemostsignificantYeasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbee

nsopoliticallychaYged.

NeveYtheless,theaffoYdablehousingsituationisdespeYate.Waitinglist

sincYeaseallthetimeandweaYesimplynotbuiIdingenoughnewhomes.

ThecompYehensivespendingYeviewoffeYsanoppoYtunityfoYthegoveYnment

tohelpYectifythis.ItneedstoputhistoYicalpYejudicestoonesideandtakesom

estepstoaddYessouYuYgenthousingneed.

TheYeaYesomeindicationsthatitispYepaYingtodojustthat.Thecommuniti

esministeY,DonFosteY,hashintedthatGeoYgeOsboYne,ChancelloYoftheEGcheq

ueY,mayintYoducemoYefleGibilitytothecuYYentcapontheamountthatlocalaut

hoYitiescanboYYowagainsttheiYhousingstockdebt.Evidenceshowsthat60,000

eGtYanewhomescouldbebuiltoveYtheneGtfiveyeaYsifthecapweYelifted,incYe

asingGDPbyO.6%.

MinisteYsshouldalsolookatcYeatinggYeateYceYtaintyintheYentalenviYonme

nt,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofYegisteYedpYovideYst

ofundnewdevelopmentsfYomYevenues.

ButitisnotjustdowntothegoveYnment.WhilethesemeasuYeswouldbewelcom

eintheshoYtteYm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheeGisting

￡4.5bnpYogYammeofgYantstofundnewaffoYdablehousing,settoeGpiYein2019,

isunlikelytobeeGtendedbeyondthen.TheLabouYpaYtyhasYecentlyannouncedth

atitwillYetainalaYgepaYtofthecoalition，sspendingplansifYetuYnstopoweY

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.ThehousingsectoYneedstoacceptthatweaYeveYyunlikelytoeveYYetuYntoeYao

flaYgescalepublicgYants.Weneedtoadjusttothischangingclimate.

WhilethegoveYnment'scommitmenttolong-teYmfundingmayhavechanged,t

heveYypYessingneedfoYmoYeaffoYdablehousingisYealandisnotgoingaway.

36.TheauthoYbelievesthatthehousingsectoY.

[A]hasattYactedmuchattention

[B]involvesceYtainpoliticalfa

ctoYs

[C]shouldeYstoomuchYesponsibi1ity

[D]haslostitsYealvalueinecono

my

37.ItcanbeleaYnedthataffoYdablehousinghas.

[A]incYeaseditshomesupply

[B]offeYedspendingoppoYtuniti

es

[C]suffeYedgoveYnmentbiases[D]disappointedthegoveYnment

38.AccoYdingtoPaYagYaph5,GeoYgeOsboYnemay.

[A]allowgYeateYgoveYnmentdebtfoYhousing

[B]stoplocalauthoYitiesfYombu

ildinghomes

[C]pYepaYetoYeducehousingstockdebt

[D]YeleasealiftedGDPgYowthfoY

ecast

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39.ItcanbeinfeYYedthatastableYentaienviYonmentwould.

[A]loweYthecostsofYegisteYedpYovideYs

[B]lessentheimpactofgoveYnmen

tinteYfeYence

[C]contYibutetofundingnewdevelopments

[D]YelievetheministeYsofYespo

nsibilities

40.TheauthoYbelievesthatafteY2019,thegoveYnmentmay.

[A]implementmoYepoliciestosuppoYthousing[B]YeviewtheneedfoYlaYge-

scalepublicgYants

[C]YenewtheaffoYdablehousinggYantspYogYamme

[D]stopgeneYousfundingtotheho

usingsectoY

PaYtB

DiYections:

YeadthefollowingteGtandmatcheachofthenumbeYeditemsintheleftcolumn

toitscoYYespondinginfoYmationintheYightcolumn.TheYeaYetwoeGtYachoice

sintheYightcolumn.MaYkyouYansweYsontheANSWEYSHEET.(lOpoints)

EmeYginginthelateSiGtiesandYeachingapeakintheSeventies,LandAYtwas

oneofaYangeofnewfoYms,includingBodyAYt,PeYfoYmanceAYt,ActionAYtandlns

tallationAYt,whichpushedaYtbeyondthetYaditionalconfinesofthestudioand

galleYy.YatheYthanpoYtYayinglandscape,landaYtistsusedthephysicalsubst

anceofthelanditselfastheiYmedium.

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TheBYitishLandAYt,typifiedbyLong，spiece,wasnotonlymoYedomesticall

yscaled,butalotquiYkieYthanitsAmeYicancounteYpaYt.

Indeed,whileyoumightassumethataneGhibitionofLandAYtwouldconsiston

lyofYecoYdsofwoYksYatheYthanthewoYksthemselves,Long，sphotogYaphofhisw

oYkisthewoYk.Sincehis“action“isinthepast,thephotogYaphisitssoleembo

diment.

ThatmightseemYatheYanobscuYepoint,butitsetsthetonefoYaneGhibition

thatcontainsalotofblackand-

whitephotogYaphsandYelativelyfewnatuYalobjects.

LongisBYitain，sbest-

knownLandAYtistandhisStoneCiYc1e,apeYfectYingofpuYplishYocksfYomPoYti

sheadbeachlaidoutonthegalleYyflooY,YepYesentstheelegant,YaYefiedsideo

fthefoYm.TheBoyleFamily,ontheotheYhand,standsfoYitsdiYty,uYbanaspect.

CompYisingaYtistsMaYkBoy1eandJoanHi11sandtheiYehi1dYen,theyYecYeatedY

andomsectionsoftheBYitishlandscapeongal1eYywalIs.TheiYOlafStYeetStudy

,asquaYeofbYick-

stYewnwastegYound,isoneofthefewwoYksheYetoembYacethecommonplacenessth

atchaYacteYisesmostofouYeGpeYienceofthelandscapemostofthetime.

PaYksfeatuYe,paYticulaYlyintheeaYlieYwoYks,suchasJohnHi11iaYd，sve

YyfunnyAcYossthePaYk,inwhichalong-

haiYedstYolleYisvaYiouslysmiledatbyapYettygiYlandunwittinglyassaulted

inasequenceofimagesthattuYnouttobediffeYentpaYtsofthesamephotogYaph.

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GeneYallyhoweveYBYitishlandaYtistspYefeYYedtogetawayfYomtowns,gYa

vitatingtowaYdslandscapesthataYetYaditionallyconsideYedbeautifulsucha

stheLakeDistYictoYtheWiltshiYeDowns.Whi1eitpYobab1ywasn，tappaYentatth

etime,muchofthiswoYkispeYmeatedbyaspiYitofYomanticescapismthatthelike

sofWoYdswoYthwouldhaveYeadilyundeYstood.DeYekJaYman，syellow-

tintedfilmTowaYdsAvebuYy,acollectionoflong,mostlystillshotsoftheWilts

hiYelandscape,evokesatYaditionofEnglishlandscapepaintingstYetchingfYo

mSamuelPalmeYtoPaulNash.

InthecaseofHamishFulton,youcan，thelpfeelingthattheScottishaYtisth

assimplyfoundawayofmakinghisloveofwalkingpay.AtypicalwoYk,suchasSeven

Days,consistsofasinglebeautifulblackand-

whitephotogYaphtakenonanepicwalk,withthemileageandnumbeYofdaystakenli

stedbeneath.BYitishLandAYtasshowninthiswellselected,butYelativelymode

stlyscaledeGhibitionwasn，taboutimposingonthelandscape,moYeakindofland

scape-

oYientatedlightconceptualaYtcYeatedpassingthYough.IthaditsoYiginsinth

egYeatoutdooYs,buttheYesultsweYeasgalleYy-

boundasthepaintingsofTuYneYandConstable.

[A]oYiginatesfYomalongwalkthattheaYtisttook

[B]iHustYatesakindoflandscape-oYientatedlightconceptua

41.StoneCiYcle

laYt

42.OlafStYeetStudy[C]YemindspeopleoftheEnglishlandscapepaintingtYadition.

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43.AcYossthePaYk[D]YepYesentstheeleganceoftheBYitishlandaYt

44.TowaYdsAvebuYy[E]depictstheoYdinaYysideoftheBYitishlandaYt

45.Sevendays[F]embodiesaYomanticescapeintotheScottishoutdooYs

[G]containsimagesfYomdiffeYentpaYtsofthesamephotogYaph.

SectionHITYanslation

DiYections:

TYanslatethefollowingteGtfYomEnglishintoChinese.WYiteyouYtYanslat

iononANSWEYSHEET.(15points)

Mostpeoplewoulddefineoptimismasendlesslyhappy,withaglassthat1spe

Ypetuallyhalffull.Butthat1seGactlythekindoffalsecheeYfulnessthatposi

tivepsychologistswouldn'tYecommend.^Healthyoptimismmeansbeingintouc

hwithYeality,"saysTalBen-ShahaY,aHaYvaYdpYofessoY.AccoYdingtoBen-Sha

haY,YealisticoptimistsaYethosewhomakethebestofthingsthathappen,butnot

thosewhobelieveeveYythinghappensfoYthebest.

Ben-ShahaYusesthYeeoptimisticeGeYciseYs.Whenhefeelsdown---say,aft

eYgivingabadlectuYe----hegYantshimselfpeYmissiontobehuman.HeYemindsh

imselfthatnoteveYylectuYecanbeaNobelwinneY;somewillbelesseffectivetha

notheYs.NeGtisYeconstYuction.

HeanalyzestheweaklectuYe,leaninglessonsfoYthefutuYeaboutwhatwoYks

andwhatdoesn't.Finally,theYeispeYspective,whichinvolvesacknowledging

thatinthegYandschemeoflife,onelectuYeYeallydoesn/tmatteY.

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SectionIVWYiting

PaYtA

47.DiYections:

SupposeyouaYegoingtostudyabYoadandshaYeanapaYtmentwithJohn,alocalstud

ent.WYitehimtoemailto

1)te11himaboutyouYlivinghabits,and

2)askfoYadviceaboutlivingtheYe.

YoushouldwYiteaboutlOOwoYdsontheANSWEYSHEET.

DonotuseyouYownname.Use“LiMing“instead.

DonotwYiteyouYaddYess.(lOpoints)

PaYtB

20GG年全國(guó)碩士研究生招生考試英語(yǔ)（二）答案詳解

SectionIUseofEnglish

文章分析

本文是一篇關(guān)于肥胖與健康關(guān)系新說(shuō)法的議論文。第一段引出作者對(duì)身材的

看法：并不是越瘦就證明人越隴康。第二段中作者介紹了一種定義肥胖癥的指標(biāo)

BMIo第三段中作者指出BMI其實(shí)揭示的是人體的脂肪量，弁不是說(shuō)明身材好壞

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的指數(shù)。第四段中講述了整個(gè)社會(huì)其實(shí)會(huì)給肥胖者貼上消極標(biāo)簽，無(wú)論是在電視

節(jié)目中還是在孩子們的心目中，胖人的形象總是與消極聯(lián)系起來(lái)。最后一段講述

了人們以健康的角度去考慮肥胖的影響，和已經(jīng)采隼的一些對(duì)抗肥胖的種種策

略。

復(fù)習(xí)復(fù)習(xí)試題解析

ThinneYisn，talwaysbetteY.AnumbeYofstudieshave_1_thatnoYmal-

weightpeopleaYeinfactathigheYYiskofsomediseasescompaYedtothosewhoaYeo

veYweight.AndtheYeaYehealthyconditionsfoYwhichbeingoveYweightisactual

ly_2_,FoYeGample,heavieYwomenaYelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficienc

ythanthinwomen._3_,amongtheeldeYly,beingsomewhatoveYweightisoftenan

_4_ofgoodhealth.

【譯文】太瘦也不總是好事。一些研究已經(jīng)得出結(jié)論：正常體重的人實(shí)際上比一

些超重的人更容易患上某些疾病。有些肥胖對(duì)健康還有保護(hù)作用。例如稍微超重

的女性跟消瘦的女性相比，不易受到鈣質(zhì)缺乏的影響。同樣的，在老隼人中，一

定程度上超重是身體健康的標(biāo)志。

1.

[A]denied否認(rèn)

[B]concluded得出結(jié)論

[C]doubled兩倍，加倍努力

[D]ensuYed確保

【答案】B

t考點(diǎn)】詞義辨析

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【直擊答案】空格所在句意為“一系列的研究已經(jīng),事實(shí)上，正常體重

的人患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)要高于超重的人”。根據(jù)句義，后面的部分實(shí)際上是研究結(jié)論，因

此B項(xiàng)concluded符合題意。

【命題思路】本題根據(jù)上下文所給信息判斷答案，同時(shí)也考查考生對(duì)相近含義的

詞匯辨析。

【干擾排除】A項(xiàng)denied“否認(rèn)”，與原文意義相反；C項(xiàng)doubled“翻倍”，

與題意較遠(yuǎn)；D項(xiàng)ensuYed“確?！保环项}意，因?yàn)檠芯坎荒艽_保后面的事

實(shí)，只能得出后面的事實(shí)作為結(jié)論。

2.

[A]pYotective防護(hù)的，保護(hù)的

[B]dangeYous危險(xiǎn)的

[C]sufficient足夠的，充分的

[D]tYoublesome麻煩的

【答案】A

【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨析

【直擊答案】空格所在句意為“對(duì)于某些健康情況，超重事實(shí)上是有一"。

根據(jù)前文研究的結(jié)論，下文的舉例說(shuō)明是對(duì)該句的具體論述。綜上可知，超重能

減少罹患疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，說(shuō)明超重具有一定的保護(hù)作用。

【命題思路】本題根據(jù)上下文所給信息判斷答案，同時(shí)■也考查考生對(duì)形容詞的辨

析。

【干擾排除】句首以And開(kāi)頭，說(shuō)明在語(yǔ)義上該句與上一句是并列相關(guān)的，強(qiáng)調(diào)

肥胖對(duì)健康的好處。B項(xiàng)dangeYous“危險(xiǎn)的”，與文章意思相反；C項(xiàng)sufficient

“充足的”，D項(xiàng)tYoublesome“麻煩的”，不符合題意。

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3.

[A]Instead代替，反而

[B]HoweveY然而，不管怎樣

[C]Likewise同樣地

[D]TheYefoYe因此

【答案】C

【考點(diǎn)】邏輯關(guān)系

【直擊答案】第四、五句話舉例說(shuō)明?！绑w重較重的女人患缺鈣的比例低于較瘦

的女人。,在老年人中，