2018年英語高考試題和答案

絕密★啟用前2018年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試英語（考試時間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分）注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.作答時，務必將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷及草稿紙上無效。3.考試結束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題分，滿分分）聽下面5短對話，每段對話后有一個小題，從題中給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。doesJohnfinddifficultinlearningGerman...istheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers.andsister.andstudent.doestheconversationprobablytakeplaceA.Inabank.B.Ataticketoffice.C.Onatrain.dish.4.Whatarethespeakerstalkingaboutrestaurant.street.doesthewomanthinkofherinterviewwastough.wasinteresting.wassuccessful.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題分，滿分分）聽下面5段對話或獨白，每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

willJudygotoapartyMonday.Tuesday.Wednesday.willMaxdonextakite.amagazine.hishomework.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。doesthemansuggestdoingatfirsttoaconcert.amovie.acomputergame.dothespeakersdecidetodoMike.boating.awalk.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。colordocatsseebetterthanhumans...docatsbringdeadbirdshomeeattheminasafeplace.showofftheirhuntingskills.maketheirownershappy.doesthemansoundattheendoftheconversation...9聽第段材料，回答第13至16題。isMacy’smother.’steacher.’sfriend.doesEdusuallygotokindergartencar.foot.bus.doesEdenjoydoingatthekindergartenstories.songs.withothers.dotheteacherssayaboutEd’sclever.’squiet.’sbrave.10聽第段材料，回答第17至20題。whatagedidEmilystartlearningballet...

didEmilymovetoTorontoworkforadanceschool.performatadancetheater.learncontemporarydance.didEmilyquitdancingwastoooldtodance.failedtogetascholarship.lostinterestinit.doesEmilyfeelaboutstoppingtraining’spleased.’sregretful.’supset.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。ASummerActivitiesStudentsshouldreadthelistwiththeirparents/carers,andselecttwoactivitiestheywouldliketodo.Formswillbeavailableinschoolandonlineforthemtoindicatetheirchoicesandreturntoschool.Beforechoicesarefinalised,parents/carerswillbeaskedtosigntoconfirmtheirchild’schoices.ActivityDescriptionMemberofCoststaffOutdoorAdventure(OUT)Takeyourselfoutofyourcomfortzoneforaweek,Mr.discovernewpersonalqualities,andlearnnewskills.ClemensYouwillbeabletotakepartinanumberofactivitiesfromcanoeingtowildcampingonDartmoor.Learnrockclimbingandworkasateam,andenjoythegreatoutdoorenvironment.￡140OutdoorTakeyourselfoutofyourcomfortzoneforaweek,discovernewMr.Clemens￡140personalqualities,andlearnnewskills.YouwillbeabletotakeAdventure(OUT)partinanumberofactivitiesfromcanoeingtowildcampingonDartmoor.Learnrockclimbingandworkasateam,andenjoythegreatoutdoorenvironment.WWIOnMondaywetraveltoLondon.AfterstayingovernightinMrs.Wilson￡425London,wetravelonDay2tonorthernFrancetovisittheWorldWarIbattlefields.OnDay3wecrossintoBelgium.ThursdayseesusmaketheshortjourneytoPariswherewewillvisitDisneylandParispark,stayinguntillatetoseetheparadeandthefireworks.Ourfinalday,Friday,seesusvisitcentralParisandtourthemainsights.BattlefieldsandParis(WBP)CraftyFoxes(CRF)Fourdaysofproductdesigncentredaroundtextiles.MakingMrs.Goode￡30lovelyobjectsusingrecycledandmadematerials.Bags,cushionsanddecorations...Learnskillsandleavewithmodernandunusualtextiles.PottyPotter(POT)aboutVisitWarnerBrosStudio,shopstoptobuypicnic,stayovernightMissDrake￡150inanapprovedYouthHostelinStreatley-on-Thames,guidedtourofOxfordtoseethefilmlocations,picniclunchoutsideOxford’sChristchurch,boatingontheRiverCherwellthroughtheUniversityParks,beforeheadingbacktoExeter.activitywillyouchooseifyouwanttogocamping....willthestudentsdoonTuesdaywithMrs.WilsonA.TraveltoLondon.B.Seeaparadeandfireworks.D.VisittheWWIbattlefields.C.TourcentralParis.longdoesPottyaboutPotterlastA.Twodays.B.Fourdays.C.Fivedays.D.Oneweek.BManyofusloveJulybecauseit’sthemonthwhennature’sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsfromBritishColumbia’sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein(蛋白質),ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein).Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants(抗氧化物質).TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries(櫻桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocaresHowever,theyarerichinvitaminC.Whencombinedwithberriesofslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick,coolingfruitshakesandlowfat＂icecream＂.Forthispurpose,selectripebananasforfreezingastheyaremuchsweeter.Removetheskinandplacetheminplasticbagsorcontainersandfreeze.Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks,dependingontheirripenessandthetemperatureoftheIfyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa＂soft-serve＂creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren’sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.24.WhatdoestheauthorseemtolikeaboutcherriesA.Theycontainprotein.B.TheyarehighinvitaminA.D.Theyarerichinantioxidants.C.Theyhaveapleasanttaste.25.WhyisfreshlemonjuiceusedinfreezingbananasA.Tomakethemsmellbetter.C.Tospeeduptheirripening.26.Whatis＂ajuicer＂inthelastparagraphA.Adessert.B.Tokeeptheircolour.D.Toimprovetheirnutrition.B.Adrink.C.Acontainer.D.Amachine.27.FromwhichisthetextprobablytakenA.Abiologytextbook.C.Aresearchpaper.B.Ahealthmagazine.D.Atravelbrochure.CTeensandyoungerchildrenarereadingalotlessforfun,accordingtoaCommonSenseMediareportpublishedMonday.Whilethedeclineoverthepastdecadeissteepforteenreaders,somedatainthereportshowsthatreadingremainsabigpartofmanychildren’slives,andindicateshowparentsmighthelpencouragemorereading.Accordingtothereport’skeyfindings,＂theproportion(比例)whosaythey‘hardlyever’readforfunhasgonefrom8percentof13-year-oldsand9percentof17-year-oldsin1984to22percentand27percentrespectivelytoday.＂Thereportdatashowsthatpleasurereadinglevelsforyoungerchildren,ages2—8,remainlargelythesame.Buttheamountoftimespentinreadingeachsessionhasdeclined,fromclosertoanhourormoretoclosertoahalfhourpersession.Whenitcomestotechnologyandreading,thereportdoeslittletocounsel(建議)parentslookingfordataabouttheeffectofe-readersandtabletsonreading.Itdoespointoutthatmanyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading,mainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedscreenThemosthopefuldatasharedinthereportshowsclearevidenceofparentsservingasexamplesandimportantguidesfortheirkidswhenitcomestoreading.Datashowsthatkidsandteenswhodoreadfrequently,comparedtoinfrequentreaders,havemorebooksinthehome,morebookspurchasedforthem,parentswhoreadmoreoften,andparentswhosetasidetimeforthemtoread.Astheendofschoolapproaches,andschoolvacationreadinglistsloom(逼近)ahead,parentsmighttakethischancetostepinandmaketheirownsummerreadinglistandplanafamilytriptothelibraryorbookstore.28.WhatistheCommonSenseMediareportprobablyaboutA.Children’sreadinghabits.B.Qualityofchildren’sbooks.D.Parent-childrelationships.C.Children’safter-classactivities.29.Wherecanyoufindthedatathatbestsupports＂childrenarereadingalotlessforfun＂A.Inparagraph2.B.Inparagraph3.

C.Inparagraph4.D.Inparagraph5.30.WhydomanyparentslimitelectronicreadingA.E-booksareofpoorquality.C.Itmayharmchildren’shealth.B.Itcouldbeawasteoftime.D.E-readersareexpensive.31.HowshouldparentsencouragetheirchildrentoreadmoreA.Actasrolemodelsforthem.B.Askthemtowritebookreports.C.Setupreadinggroupsforthem.D.Talkwiththeirreadingclassteachers.DWe’veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.What’stheproblemIt’spossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconversationalintelligence.It’smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit’sawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkit’sannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit’saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan’tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn’tevenexistifitweren’tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease(潤滑劑)forsocialcommunication,saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast.＂Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,＂heexplains.＂Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem.＂Ina2014study,ElizabethDunn,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC,invitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteraction(互動)withitswaiter;theother,tospeakonlywhennecessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.＂It’snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband,＂saysDunn.＂Butinteractionswithperipheral(邊緣的)membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwell-beingalso.＂

C.Absenceofcommunicationbetweenstrangers.D.Impatiencewithslowservice.34.Whatdoesthecoffee-shopstudysuggestaboutsmalltalkA.Itimprovesfamilyrelationships.C.Itmattersasmuchasaformaltalk.35.WhatisthebesttitleforthetextA.ConversationCountsB.Itraisespeople’sconfidence.D.Itmakespeoplefeelgood.B.WaysofMakingSmallTalkD.UncomfortableSilence根據(jù)短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余Ifyouarealreadymakingthetimetoexercise,itisgoodindeed!Withsuchbusylives,itcanbehardtotryandfindthetimetoworkout.36Workingoutinthemorningprovidesadditionalbenefitsbeyondbeingphysicallyfit.Yourproductivityisimproved.Exercisingmakesyoumoreawakeandreadytohandlewhateverisaheadofyoufortheday.37Yourmetabolism(新陳代謝)getsaheadstart.38Ifyouworkoutinthemornings,thenyouwillbegettingthecalorie(卡路里)burningbenefitsforthewholeday,notinyoursleep.39Studiesfoundthatpeoplewhowokeupearlyforexercisesleptbetterthanthosewhoexercisedintheevening.Exerciseenergizesyou,soitismoredifficulttorelaxandhaveapeacefulsleepwhenyouareveryexcited.40Ifyouworkoutbrightandearlyinthemorning,youwillbemorelikelytosticktohealthyfoodchoicesthroughouttheday.WhowouldwanttoruintheirgoodworkoutbyeatingjunkfoodYouwillwanttocontinuetofocusonpositivechoices.Therearealotofbenefitstoworkingout,especiallyinthemornings.Setyouralarmclockanhourearlyandpushyourselftoworkout!Youwillfeelenergizedalldaylong.A.Youwillsticktoyourdiet.B.Yourqualityofsleepimproves.C.Youpreferhealthyfoodtofastfood.D.Thereisnoreasonyoushouldexerciseinthemorning.E.Youcankeepyourheadclearfor4-10hoursafterexercise.F.Afteryouexercise,youcontinuetoburncaloriesthroughouttheday.G.Ifyouareplanningtodoexerciseregularly,oryou’redoingitnow,thenlistenup!第三部分語言知識運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)(共20小題；每小題分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Twoweeksearlier,myson,Ben,hadgotintouch.He’dmovedtoEnglandwithhismumwhenhewasthreeandithadbeen13yearssinceI’d41seenhim.Soimaginemy42whenheemailedmesayinghewantedtocometovisitme.Iwas43!IarrivedearlyatByronBaywhereweweresupposedto44.Thebaywas45insunshine,andtherewasagroupofkayakersaround150mofftheshore.Gettingalittle46,Irealizedonekayak（皮劃艇）wasin47.＂Something’snot48!＂I49intothewater.IsawthereweretwoinstructorsonboardandatookoffmyT-shirtandmanlyingacrossthemiddle.Hewas50violently.Linkingarmswithoneoftheinstructors.Ihelped51theyoungmanoutofthewater.HewasunconsciousandasIlookedathisface,something52tome.Thosebrowneyeswerevery53.＂What’shisname＂Iaskedtheinstructor.＂Ben,＂hereplied,andimmediatelyI54.Thatstrangerwasmyson!Theinstructorscalledforan,afterabriefstayinhospital,Benwaswellenoughtobeallowedto56andlaterthefamilymetupfordinner.WechattedabouteverythingandthenBen57tome.＂Ijustwanttosaythankyou,＂hesaid.＂You58mylife!＂Istillcan’tbelievewhata59itwas.I’mjustsogladIwasthere60tohelpmyson..alsoB.oftenC.evenD.last.delightB.reliefC.angerD.worry.scaredB.shockedC.thrilledD.ashamed.talkB.stayC.meetD.settle.bathedB.clean.fasterB.closer.troubleB.advanceC.deepD.formedD.wiserC.heavierC.questionD.battle.realB.rightC.fairD.fit.staredB.sank.arguingB.fighting.leadC.divedD.fellC.shoutingD.shakingB.persuadeB.occurredC.carryD.keep.happenedC.appliedD.appealed.sharpB.pleasantC.attractiveC.doubtedD.familiar.agreedB.hesitatedD.knew.FortunatelyB.FranklyC.SadlyD.Suddenly.returnB.relaxC.speakC.listenedC.savedD.leave.jokedB.turnedD.pointedD.guided.createdB.honored.coincidenceB.changeC.pityD.pain.onboardB.intimeC.forsureD.onpurpose第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。DietshavechangedinChina—andsotoohasitstopcrop.Since2011,thecountry61（grow）morecornthanrice.Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover62past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.Atasteformeatis63(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.Anotherreasonforcorn’srise:Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice64(improve)waterquality.Cornuseslesswater65riceandcreateslessfertilizer(化肥)runoff.Thisswitchhasdecreased66(pollute)inthecountry’smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforAccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal67(globe)fertilizerconsumption.TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernment68(start)asoil-testingprogram69givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and2011,fertilizerusedroppedbymillionpreventedtheemission(排放)ofmilliontonsofcarbon’sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile70(feed)itscitizens＂offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide.＂saysthebank’sJuergenVoegele.第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）第一節(jié)短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文，文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（Λ），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。WhenIwaslittle,Friday’snightwasourfamilygamenight.Aftersupper,