月2日小馬托福范圍機經(jīng)

Describeapresentyouhavegiventoothers.Exinwhyyouthinkitisdescribeatimewhenyoulearnedanewsubject.Whatdoyouthinkweshoulddotodecreasetheusageofcarorothervehicleandsolvethetrafficproblems?Whatisthemostimportantqualitytheteachershouldhave?你認為作為老師最重要ChooseONEoftheformsofthetechnologyinthelistandlwhyithasgreatimpactonpeople'slivesinyourcountry?Airne,computerorevision.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyourresponse.YouruniversityisnningtoallowstudentstowatchTVintheirsdormitories.Whatisyouropinion?WhataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofwatchingTVindormitories?Includereasonsandexamplestosupportyourresponse.Whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkisthemostimportantformaintaininggoodhealth?ngexercises,eatinghealthyfood,orgoingtobedearly?Yourfriendoftenfeelsnervouswhenspeakinginfrontofalargegroupofpeople.Whatsuggestionswouldyougivetoyourfriendto ethisfear?Talkabouttwosingerswhoarepopularinyourcountry.Exinwhytheyarepopularandhowtheyaredifferent.Describehowschangepeople’slives.PleasegiveyouranswerwithspecificexamplesanddetailsWhatdoyouthinkisthemostsignificantbenefitthatinternetbringstoourlife?Exinwhyyouthinkthisbenefitisimportant.Pleaseincludereasonsanddetailstosupportyourresponse.Talkaboutanimportantdecisionthatyouhavemade.Exinwhythisdecisionwasimportantforyouindetails。Describe youwanttolearnmoreabout,exinwhyyouwanttoknowabout in I’dliketolearnmoreaboutismyteacherTonyforthefollowingreasons.First,itseemstomethatheknowsabouteverything.Hecananswerallofourquestions,math,science,liture,younameit.I’dliketofindoutwhatkindsofbookshereadssoIcanbeasknowledgeableashim.Second,he’sthefunniestguyIknow.He’salwayslingjokesinclass.Wenevergetboredbecausehegetsourfullattention.Lotsofthestorieshelsarefromhislife.IhopeIcanliveanamazinglifewhenIgrowup,justlikeHd-w ligencehighlymotivatedTalkaboutanactivityyouenjoyedngwithyourfamilywhenyouwereachild,exinyouanswerindetails.Describeagoodstudyhabitthatisdifferentfromotherstudents.類似題目：Doyouagreeordisagreethatassignmentshandedinafterthedeadlineshouldreceivealowerscore?你是否同意，遲交作業(yè)應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)玫头?如果遲交作業(yè)的原因是生病，那么可以提前告訴老師，申請推遲截止時間，這種情況下學(xué)生的分數(shù)和交作業(yè)的時間是沒有關(guān)系的遲交作業(yè)是對老師的不尊重，如果給高分，對其他正常交作業(yè)的學(xué)生來說是的?，F(xiàn)在的大學(xué)生經(jīng)常homesickWhattypeofmusicdoyouenjoymost?Exinwhyyouenjoythistypeofmusic.Includereasonsanddetailsinyouexnation.Amongthefollowingthreeprofessions,whichdoyouthinkmakethebiggestcontributiontosociety?選擇nurse：因為她們工作很辛苦，又很無私，而且她們幫助很多恢 Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingquestion.Inordertostayhappy,youmustdoajobthatyoulove.你是否同意以下觀點：要想快樂，你需要做一個自己喜歡的工DescribeaspecialfriendofyouinyourStudentswouldliketakepartinsomevolunteerwork,whatkindofvolunteerworkdoyouprefer?Exinwhyitisimportant?Ifahighschoolisningtoorgannizeanafter-‐hooactivityforitsstudents,whatkindofactivitywouldyou mendandwhy?Whichofthefollowingtransportationmethodsdoyouthinkisthemostenjoyable?Bicycle,autoortrain.ExinyouranswerindetailsDescribeaspecialeventoroccasionthatyouhadwithyourfamilyorfriends.Exinwhyitwasspecial.somepeopleprefertoreadorwatchnewseveryday,otherpeopleprefertoreadorwatchnewsregularly,whichdoyouprefer.Wouldyouliketomakefriendswiththesameinterestsortheonewithdifferentinterests?你同不同意找朋友要選擇有相同的的人？Doyouthinkernmentshouldspendfundingtosavetheanimalswhichontheageofextinctionoronlyforprivatesource?Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Yongpeopletodayknowmoreaboutworldeventsthantheirparentsdidbefore.Somepeoplebelievethatitisbetterforsmallchildrentogrowupinasmalltown.Others,however,believethatit’sbetterforthemtogrowupinabigcity.Whichdoyouthinkisbetter?Whichdoyouprefer?Ajobinadistantcitywithahighsalary,orajobinyourcurrentcitywithalowsalary.Shouldemployeesberequiredtowearsuitsintheworkce,orshouldtheywearcasualclothes?Whenyoutakeatrip,doyouprefertojustlookaround,ordoyouprefertotakepicturesandkeepajournal?Doyouprefertohavefastfoodinafat-‐drestaurant,ordoyouprefertohavefoodinotherkindsofces?Somepeopleprefertogotothesameceforavacation.Othersprefertogotodifferentcesandspendlesstimeateachce.Whichdoyouprefer?Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement:peoplelivehealthierlivesnowthantheydid100yearsago?PleaseusespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyourDoyouagreeordisagreewiththestatementthatit'simportantforstudentstostudyArtandMusicinschool.Exinyouranswerindetails.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththestatementthatallchildrenundertheageof16shouldattendschool.Exinyouanswerindetails.Istronglybelieveschoolingisamustforchildrenundertheageof16forthefollowingreasons.First,childrenofthisageneedadultsupervision.Theyarenotmatureenoughtodistinguishbetweenrightandwrong.Iftheydon’tgotoschool,theymighthangoutwiththewrongcrowd.Whoknowswhatkindoftroubletheywillgetthemselvesinto.Second,homeschoolingcanbeunreliable.Idon’tthinkallparentsarecapableofteachingchildrenallthesubjectstheyneedtoknowabout.Besides,it’simpossibleforchildrentodevelopnecessarysocialskillsiftheydon’tgotoschoolandworkwithotherWhiletraveling,somepeopleprefertogotonewces,othersprefertovisitfamiliarces.Whichdoyouthinkisbetter?Exinwhy.itisbettertobeamemberofateamthantobealeaderofaLargegrocerydepartmentstoreorsmallspecialstore,whichonedoyouSomeonelikestocollectoldthings,someonethrowthingsawayaftertheyusedit.what'syourpreference?你是愿意參與sports，還是看別人y.Whichonedoyouprefer?Beapartinsportsorwatchotherpeopley.Usespecificexamplesanddetailstosupportyouranswer.Iprefertoparticipateinsportsinsteadofjustwatchingotherstoy.Thereareseveralreasonsforthis.First,I allyenjoyyingsportsasmyhobbyandinterest.Ifeelrelaxedafterahardday’sworkeverytimeI’myingbasketballorsoccer.It’sjustagreatfeelingtodosomethingIenjoyandgetthefrustrationIbuiltupinthedayoutofmysystem.Second,yingsportsallowsmetostayfitintheprocessaswell,ithelpsmetoloseweightandmaintainmyhealth.Lastly,itisactuallyeasiertomakefriendsthroughyingsportstogether.I’ma thatisalwaysinterestedinmeetingnewpeoplethatsharethesameinterestsasme.ThesearethereasonswhyIprefertoythesportsinsteadofwatchingit.Iagreethat ernmentshouldspendmoneyonencouragingcitizenstoleadahealthyFirst,itisessentialforcitizenstohaveahealthylifestyle,especiallyfortheoldNow,therearemoreandmoreoldpeopleinthesociety.Soitisaproblemfortheernmenttocarefortheod-‐gepopulation.Butiftheykeepahealthylifestyle,theernmentwillsavealoteffortsandalargenumberofWhat’smore,ifthecitizenshaveahealthylifestyle,alltheworkswillbedonemoreefficiently.Itshowsthat34%peoplewhohavealowerefficiencyisbecauseoftheirbadhealth.SoIagreewithit.Someschoolsrequirestudentstotakepartincommunityserviceactivitiesafterschool.Whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkisthebestactivityforstudents?1.ntingflowersinthecommunity2.ngcean-upsinthegarden3.recyclingwaste alitywillchangeastheygrowuporremainthesameasthetimegoesSomeonepreferthetraditionalwayofworking,likegoingtotheofficesetting,othersprefertoworkathome?whichonedoyouprefer?Somepeopleliketospendtheirsparetimewithfamilymembersandfriends,somepeopleliketospenditalone.whichdoyouprefer?Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatementthatpeoplewillreadlessinthefuture?Giveexamplesanddetailsinyouranswer.Whentheymeetaproblem,somepeopleprefertoseekadviceorhelpfrompeoplewhoareolderthantheyare,whileothersprefertoseekadviceorhelpfrompeopleofthesameage.Whichdoyoupreferandwhy?1學(xué)校要energysavingn兩個途徑:什么light;把館的aircondition在大熱天cut掉。女學(xué)生的反應(yīng)::lightbrightenoughstudents走的時候燈還開著(不太記得了)第二:抱怨說,無法想象現(xiàn)在館有多熱。這樣根本解決不了問題,本來館是bestcetostudy這下好了,學(xué)生都不去館了,都留在cooler的dorm里了。而且圖書館comfortableandquiet,而宿舍noisy,busy.2閱讀:學(xué)校館因為空間有限,將reference和journal改成online,不再提供紙本的材料。這樣一來節(jié)省空間,二來方便學(xué)生。:一男一女兩個學(xué)生討論,她們聽到后都很高興。男生表示贊同說(1)館這個措施很好,因為他在里面工作過,保存資料很占地方,擴建的話要花很多錢,放到網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的話可以節(jié)約經(jīng)費。(2)另外,這個舉措也能方便學(xué)生,因為學(xué)生宿舍3通知說誰再丟要罰款。女的說好。a他家鄉(xiāng)通過這個政策就變得很干凈;b被在大街上抓住很尷尬;c罰款能為學(xué)校增加收入; 干凈后學(xué)校不用雇清潔工能4proposal:astudentsuggest館限制借書,最多借十本,因為1.大多數(shù)人一次借的太多,看不過來2.許多人借的時間太長,都丟了,這樣可以減少館每年丟書的數(shù)目。:1要給好幾個科目寫paper,喜歡用很多書,至少20本,而且所借的書都會看。2從來5Aletterfromastudentsaystahttheuniversityshouldimposeonmonetarypenaltiesforpeoplewholitteroncampusforthefollowingtworeasons.First,itcanmakeuniversitycleaning.Second,theuniversitycangetlotofextramoney.Intheconversation,thewomansupportsthisnforthefollowingtworeasons.First,herhometownwasdirtyatfirstbutwhenhertownissuedsuch,thetown ecleaner.Second,theuniversitycansavealotofmoneysinceitdoesnothavetopayemployeestocleanupthe家鄉(xiāng)很干凈，不是錢讓他們干凈，二十扔?xùn)|西被看到很羞愧。第二，干凈后學(xué)校不用6【原因】有兩個好處：(1)更efficient;(2)【同意原因】(1)目前校車班次太少，如果錯過上一班，下一班的等待時間太長，要二十多分鐘，她以前坐校車經(jīng)常，所以只有開車來學(xué)校;(2)但現(xiàn)在汽油很貴，要花很多錢，這個計劃可以使她省很多錢。7文章:說要把一個oncampus劇院關(guān)掉,移到外面的一個地方,這樣的好處有:1.外面的劇院更大,就有的人去。2.外面的light和sound系統(tǒng)更好。:男生不同意,說1.太遠了,不方面,不想去2.我們不是PROFETIONAL的,所以沒有受訓(xùn)練,去用更好SYSTEM也許還更差。8哲學(xué)院要hostbreakfastforstudentseverymonthandinviteprofessorstotalk.女同學(xué)非常同意這個觀點。因為他們都不怎么了解老師,這么一來就給大家機會認識faculty然后知道選哪個老師的課。另一個原因是哲學(xué)院提供的早餐每個月都不一樣會換口味~女同學(xué)也非常滿意,因為dininghall的吃的太單一大家不愿意去,這樣一來可以吸引學(xué)生來參加。9【學(xué)校通知】:mathbuildingcafeteria。ConvertlargeemptyroominMathsbuildingintosmallcafeteria.Studentcaneatbetweenclasses2)installrechargeoutletsinnewcafeteriasostudentcanrechargetheirlaptops.【學(xué)生意見】:女的贊成,說好啊,studentcenter,building好遠,上課間隙來趕,要是能在一層吃東西會朋友該多好,然后又說數(shù)學(xué)系的樓太舊了,cafeteria可以rechargelaptop這樣很方便,而且還可以在那干點別的事。(studentsalwaysuselaptopsduringclassesallowsstudentstorecharge【學(xué)校通知】:校報登了封信,說要對學(xué)校大禮堂(audtorium)整修首先要改進音響系統(tǒng),然后引入onnetcketsytem【學(xué)生意見】:里同意。第一學(xué)校禮堂音響系統(tǒng)確實非常爛她有時候自己組織讀詩會學(xué)校麥克風(fēng)經(jīng)常不work。第二,onneytems也非常有效能解決問題她自己很難找Inthesetofmaterials,thereadingpartmentionedthattheschool’shallneedstoberenovated.Andtherearetwowaysofimproving.Oneistoimprovethestereosystem;andanotheroneistointroducetheonlineticketssystem.Thewomantotallyagreedwiththisproposal.First,fromherexperience,itisreallyagiantproblemforthestereosystem.Themicrophoneoftendoesn’tworkduringthepoemcompetition,whichgaveabadambianceforthem.Inaddition,shebelievestheonlinesystemshouldbeveryeffective,whichcaneasilysolvetheproblem.Thisisbecausethehallisquitefarfromtheclassroom,notconvenience.Andsometimesthequeuewasalsoquitelong.Reading—Announcement:theschoolisnningtoprohibitstudentsridebicyclesoncampusbecausetherecouldbeaccidents.Instead,theschoolwouldprovidebusservice.Attitude:Listening—Reason1:Listening—Reason2:BusSchoolwillremovethepostersontheconcretewalloutsidethestudentcentre.firstitcanimprovetheappearence.second，posterscanbeputinthedininghallonthebulletinboard.first，theconcretewallwouldbeboringwithoutthechangingposters.Differentposterscanshowdifferent second，noteverybodyeatinginthedininghall.studentsmaychoosetoeatinthesnackbaroronthestreet.Sopostersinthedininghallwillnotbenoticedbythem.【Proposal】StudentsshouldbeallowedtousecellphonesintheStudentscantalkwithalowervoiceandOccasionally,studentsneedtomakeemergencycalls.Thegirldisagrees.Itdoesn’tThelibraryshouldbequiet.Ifstudentstalkwithalowervoiceorwhisper,theycannotbeheard,sotheywouldhavetotalkloudlyandmakenoise,whichwillcausethedistractionstootherstudents.Ifstudentsgetemergencycalls,theycangoouttocheckmessages.Normally,urgentcallswillbedeliveredbymessages.TheUniversityisnningtoinstallcomputersineverydormbuildingandwomanintheconversationsupportsthisn.First,theuniversitybelievesthatwithcomputersavailableineverydormbuilding,studentswillbeabletoreceiveandsendtheirassignmentsorstotheirprofessorsmoreefficiently.Butthere’sarulethateachstudentcouldonlyusecomputersnomorethan10mints,whensomeoneelseiswaiting.Thewomantotallyagreeswiththisnbecausefirstly,sometimessheforgetstocheckdirectionsonlinewhenshehasalreadywentoutthedorm.Soifthereisacomputerinthelobby,shedoesn’thavetogobacktothefloor.Secondly,limitingtheusingtimewillpreventstudentsfromtytheiressaysandoccupyingthesecomputersforalongtime.coffeehouse聚會,hangoutordosomereading.理由2:afterrenovation,這個地方燈光變好,NewspapertoPostOffcampusJobThenewspaperwillfeatureajoblistingoflocaloff-camu1stucominaboutshortageof2helpstufindjobsrelatedtotheirmajorsSheagrees.1.Whenshewasfreshmanshewenttomanyceslikeabookstoretoapplyforajob.Shedidnotgetone.Theoffersgivenbytheuniversityaretakentoofast.Itisveryfrustrating.Asafreshman,shewasnotfamiliarwiththearea.Shedidnotknowwheretogotofindajob2Herfriendwhomajoysinlawwantstoknowhowalawyerworks.Butsheworksinabookstorewhichisnotbeneficialforhercareerinthelongterm.Ifshecanfindajobasalawyer,shewillhavesthgoodonherresume. 而且還經(jīng)常邀請?zhí)豊B的藝術(shù)家來搞exhibition。學(xué)生證有而且周一(周末)免費;理二、最近學(xué)校的畢業(yè)生已經(jīng)捐錢蓋了兩個東西,一個是館,另一是studentcenter。學(xué)校學(xué)校在考試復(fù)習(xí)期間舉辦什么活動，期間取消校內(nèi)車，有人感到不滿給校長寫信，原原因二是取消校內(nèi)車對要乘車的人很不方便。對話中認為這兩個理由都沒有說服力。其次學(xué)校很小，去哪里都可以步行，不行橫穿學(xué)校只要30分鐘，況且車只取消幾個小時而已，nobigdealjazzbandafternoonlawnconcertwoman不滿意因為evening【學(xué)校通知】:topstudent應(yīng)該拿獎學(xué)金1.可以讓學(xué)生們更好學(xué)習(xí) 系里已經(jīng)給優(yōu)秀 了,enough了可以花那筆完善設(shè)備,造福所有chemistrystudents【學(xué)校通知】:announcement學(xué)校計劃要搞libraryexpansion:把館旁邊的studentcenter改造成newlibrary,從而increaselibraryspace。好處1、有的空間擺放書shelves、存放materials。好處2、擺放桌椅,讓學(xué)生有地方自習(xí)。比如將資料掃描成electroniccopy到電腦里可以節(jié)省空間。理由2、愛去studentcenter自習(xí),不愛去館。學(xué)校減小學(xué)生中心只能導(dǎo)致學(xué)生自習(xí)空間更少。Astudentwritesalettersuggestingthatschoolshouldbanthefoodcart.Notclean二是為了學(xué)生的健康著想。中不同意一是校園不干凈不是foodcart的問題而是notenoughgarbagecan的問題，學(xué)校應(yīng)該多放置幾個桶。二是學(xué)校的也不見得有多Healthy，而foodcart除了提供hotdog之外還提供fruit和juice的健康食品?？梢再I東西吃而不會在課堂上n：universitywillnolongerservepoetrywritingcourseclasssmall,enrollmentdecline，notworthwhileR2:studentcantakeasimilarclassinstateuniversityman:hethinksit'sterribleR1:worthwhile,moreattentionfromprofessor,getimportantfeedback,individualtalkwithprofessorimportanttheycannotlearnthatmuch.R2:stateuniversity不方便,owncar的還行,morethan1hoursonthebusforstudentwhotakespublictransportationisinconvenient.16理由一：親戚參與這個項目后改變了自己的職業(yè)目標(biāo)成為了老師。理由二：學(xué)生們能把上課學(xué)到的知識用來幫助市民也是很有意義的。Reading:Astudentsuggeststhatschoolshouldpostprofessors’evaluationonline.Thus,theycouldfirstprofessortoimprovethemselvesandstudentscouldseetheseevaluationstojudgewhototakeclasswith.Listening:Studentsdonotagreewiththeproposal.First,theprofessorwillnotbehappytoseethecommentsonline.Studentsfocusontheirstudyandtheywillnottaketheevaluations【學(xué)生意見】男的認為建議很好。第一,導(dǎo)游會有幫助,另外男的是學(xué)歷史的,可以去當(dāng)導(dǎo)游,把知識給別人,也是一個工作經(jīng)驗。第二是學(xué)生白天學(xué)習(xí)很重,沒有時間去博物館,參觀博物館是很好的休息,的學(xué)生會去參觀。1Behaviorchaining,就是說有時候教小孩子一件事,就把這件事情拆開來一步一步教。教授的lecture很簡單,就一個例子,3歲的女兒washhands,不要認為,這就是oneaction,要分開教,5步,turnonthewater,wetthehands,putonsoap,washhands,turnoffwater.每天教一2閱讀:講了生態(tài)學(xué)中的cyclicpopulationchange,說在一個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)(ecosystem)中,生物之間的數(shù)量(population)是互相影響的,捕食者(predator)和食者(prey)的數(shù)量有一個均衡點。聽力:教授舉了一個例子來說明。講一種mice和它的predator(可能是某種wolf)之間互相影響。分三個階段:(1)prey(mice)多,predator食物充足,population增加;(2)prey少了,predator食物減少了,population減少;(3)predator少了,prey又開始多起來了,如此循環(huán),population平衡。教授說實際上第三階段就是第一階段,因為是cyclic,3passage:definition:agroupofpeoplearemorelikelytomakedecisionswhichtheywon'tmakewhentheyaree-‐‐-‐‐-‐‐--eanavoid;trytoflatterotherLecture:example:adecisionmakestoryofafamily.Theydecidedtogoonatrip(endsterribly)whichnoonewant.4文章說兩種行為:assimilationand 類別里,后者則是把已知的類別擴充從而容納新的概念。(之前為閱讀內(nèi)容)教授說她女兒小時候看見會飛得都說是鳥,后來去動物園看見不會飛得但是像鳥,憋了半天說這是鳥。前者是 5verticalmigrationAnimalstravelfromthesurfacetothebottomintheocean.例子:squids:夜里在水表面,為了feedontinycreatures.白天光照強,水面上透光,可以引來predatorattack.晚上天黑了,在水面squidsinvisible,就來水面吃東西。6:interestboosting:教學(xué)中常用的一種技巧(technique),就是教學(xué)的時候,知識和學(xué)生現(xiàn)有興趣聯(lián)系起來(connectedwithwhatthestudentsareinterestedin),學(xué)生就能學(xué)的更有效率。教授舉例:他老婆是學(xué)校里的老師,教化學(xué)的。有一次要講MarieCurie.但開始學(xué)生們都不感也不能集中精力,后來他老婆找到一個關(guān)于的,說了一些發(fā)明和故事,而且里還有演員是很popular學(xué)生很喜歡的。所以很多對感的同學(xué)也就開始對感,注意力很容易就集中了。問題:用教授的例子解釋什么是interestboosting7c開頭的feeding。兩種物種的共生關(guān)系。其中一種能從這種關(guān)系取得好處,另一個不受影吃草的時候鳥就容易找到那個昆蟲,cattle不受影響。8Assimilation 閱讀里說：Whenchilrenlearnnewobject,iftheobjectsfitintheconcepttheyknew,theywillfillitinthatcategory,thisisassimilation. ondation的我記不清了，就不誤導(dǎo)了。里說：Theprofeesor'sdaughter,Jenny,alwayswatchesbirdsthroughwindows.Whenshesawabirdshewouldshout":bird!bird!"sinceithaswingsandfeathersanditcanfly.LaterwhentheprofsesortookJennytothezooandsawostirch,shedidnotknowitwasabird.Theprofessoraskedher:"whatisit?"Shehesitatedtosay:"itisabird".教授女兒很小，當(dāng)看見有鳥飛的時候，讓小孩說BIRD，在腦子里，鳥的概念就是小的翅膀的飛的東西。一天教授帶女兒去動物園，看見ostrich也有翅膀，問孩子這個是什么，9【】dffusoneffects。就是做實驗設(shè)兩個對照組，但如果對照組收到實驗組的干擾這個實驗就失敗了?！局v座舉例】一個想要research一個exercise可不可以緩解officeworker的疲勞。把一個building分成兩組，并告知做ex的那一組告訴不做的那一組。結(jié)果幾星期過去了，實ex神清氣爽啊，結(jié)果對照組的人也去做那個ex了。實驗失敗。【】eaderprce,就是搞個商品降價打吸引顧客來買,這就是產(chǎn)品別人來了不僅會買這個把牛奶降價打許多顧客來買,順便買了其他東西像雞蛋什么所以那周獲得了更高總利潤。：promotionsoftwaredesignersupervisorofxxxdepartment是這個人很擅長設(shè)計軟件，但是不擅長管理，不能在deadline之前完成工作，不能Reading—TestCustomer:inordertoseewhetheremployee’sperformance,theemployermighthirea‘customer’thatmakespurchasesinthestorejustlikeregularcustomersdo,thenthehired‘customer’reportstotheemployerabouttheemployee’sperformance.Listening—一個餐廳的manager找一個人當(dāng)testcustomerthepredators,sothenexttimewhenpredatorsseethemtheywouldn’tcomeclose.Listening—Skunk【臭鼬】Thepredatorofskunkiswolf.Whenwolvesapproach,theywouldemitauniquescenttodrivethewolvesaway.Skunkhasboldblackandwhitecolorationwhichmakestheirappearancememorable.Sothenexttimewhenwolvesseeskunk,theyknowtostayawayinordertoavoidbeingsprayedbythescent.convergentevolutiontheprocessinwhichunrelatedanimalsdevelopesimilartraits.Exampleusedwastheaarkvard,apiglikeanimal,andechidna,asmallanimalinAfrica.Bothanimalseatthesameinsectswholivesincomplexlymudholes.Bothdevelopedlongstickytonguesthatcanbeusedtoeattheinsect.Learn b.Positivetransfer.教授分別舉例，Positivetransfer.舉了教授自己的例子。小時候?qū)W習(xí)鋼琴，不看琴鍵，只看Helpful。部分：Negativetransfermovieactornegativetransfer.學(xué)習(xí)過程中，以前學(xué)習(xí)的東西對后來學(xué)習(xí)的東西的作用，分兩種：Negativetransfer,Positivetransfer.教授分別舉例：Positivetransfer.舉了教授自己的例子。小時候?qū)W習(xí)鋼琴，不看琴鍵，只看樂譜。后Helpful。Negativetransfer友的例子。以前是舞臺劇演員，習(xí)慣了大聲念臺詞，后來做moveactor，不需要大聲了，但還總是大聲。此為negatvetranfer?！尽?心理學(xué)。軌跡法(methodofloci)。借助軌跡法按順序image東西的方法。選的東西要vivid,更好記。【教授舉例】:教授舉了個記namesofnets的例子。記namesofnets時可把每一個行星的名字當(dāng)作一個去studentcenter的標(biāo)志去:比如你要fromyourdormtostudentcenter.Thefirstthingyouseeisthefrontdoorthenthetree,thenthestatusinfrontoflibrarythenthebuilding。再一一對應(yīng),比如tomemorizenamesofnetsinsolarsystem,makeMercuryasfrontdoor,Venusastreeetcdothesamething,door,tree幫助自己回憶起names。例子:教授有個A牌相機，但不把變焦鏡頭摔壞了。后來在街上看到個價格合理、各方面性能比A還好的B牌鏡頭，打算買，但結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)沒法安在自己的A牌相機上。所以教授只能花高價賣A牌特定的鏡頭。文章說動物靠各種聲音等信號交流，optimalforaging,energy--‐effcentapproach去捕食minimizetheenergytogetwhattheyneed.Lecture?！尽坷邮且环N鳥,Croak之類,如何節(jié)約能量捕食s fish,先是潛到水里找最大的,pickupthebiggestfishinthelake,然后把魚從水里抓出來后在離水面5米高的地方把魚摔下去。太低的話,魚死不了還得再摔一次。太高的話有點浪費體力飛那么高,fly5meters,nomorenoless,todropthefish,crackthes .因為是一種s fish,不能直接吃。ifhigh,wasteenergy.iflowneedtodoitmanytimesalsowasteenergy.5behaviorConcerningaboutnegativeconsequence,kidsusuallyfeartodosomethingnew.Themethodtosolvethisproblemisletthemtrynewthingsgradually(sorry,cannotrecallsomedetails)ThespeakergivesaHisfamilymovedtoLosAngeles,someneighborkidsyedoutside(ridingbicycle),hefoundthathissonwantedtojoinbutalsofeartodoso.Soheaskedhissonifheliketobuysomeicecreamfromthestore,hissonsaid“OK”,thenheaskedhissonsay“hi”whentheyarepassingbytheneighborkids.Hissondidthataccordingtohissuggestion.Onthewayback,mendedhissontotalkmorewiththeneighborkidsonthebicycleriding(didnotgetcompley,sorry).Aftertheyreturnedhome,hissonaskedifhecangoouttoywiththeneighborkids.behaviorexposure大概是心理學(xué)療法的意思步驟1.教孩子接觸那件事孩子發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有影Tommy11Tommy不敢和別的孩子玩，可是又想玩（傲嬌有一天tommy看著窗外的孩子很郁悶，于是教授說tommy我們?nèi)ベI雪糕，然后路過那些HItommy贊揚別的孩antcpatedemoton。人們采取行動之前會對自己做了這個事情之后會有一個怎樣的心情有一個估測，然后根據(jù)這個估測決定自己是不是要做那件事。ecture里，教授舉例子說有一次去給妹妹買生日，發(fā)現(xiàn)一件很想買的jacke，但是買了jacket之后就只能給妹妹買很了jacket買了Aggressiverecuiting即商家在推廣期間給與顧客一些實惠，積累顧客，推廣期過后開始lecture舉了一個gym的例子在說明這種策略的有效性。具體是，gym在推廣期讓消費者免費獲得指導(dǎo)，一個月以后取消免費政策，結(jié)果大部分人都繼續(xù)使用該服務(wù)，于是增加了gym的customerbasis，是有效的【】:emotiondisy(情緒表達規(guī)則Itmeanstheexpressionofemotiondependsonthesocietyinwhichwearelive【教授舉例】:Theprofessorusesanexampleofhis4-ye-‐oddaughter.Shehadabirthdayparty.Priortotheparty,parentstoldherthatsheshouldhidehernegativeemotionwhenshedidnotlikethegiftreceived.Hergrandmothergavehercuteclothesasagift.Butthegirldidnotlikeitandfeltdisappointed.Beforehernegativeemotionbecametooobvious,hermothersaidtheclotheswereverycute.Thegirlsuddenlyrealizedthatsheshouldsaythankyoutograndmotherandshedidthat.passive oton.Animalscanbecarredbysthntheenvronmentwthoutusngtheirowneffortstosomewherefulofreources.教授舉了spder的例子。spder可以通過jump和wak來移動，但是走不了很遠。因為它們身體很輕，環(huán)境中的風(fēng)，可以帶著它們到很遠的地方(otsofnects,fewerspder)。 initiatedbehaviorstimulateeg1：toadmovelikeflyattack在toad面前，他們就會想去吃他eg2：geeseshapedlikeegg的東西都會本能的保護，比如別的長得像蛋的東西在滾動，她就會本能的去保護它，這個叫做parenting。幾條留著以后吃。 ConceptofreactanceExample1：Kidsy,iftheirparentsdonotallowthemtoy,theyaremorelikelytogotoExample2:Soapcontainsanpoisonousmaterial,butwhensoapislimitedtobeused,peoplewillmissit.動物發(fā)警報會根據(jù)predator的不同而不同,同時引起的同胞逃跑反應(yīng)也不同。里講到meerkat,平時,但還是得上到地面去覓食。通常會有一個在那把風(fēng),當(dāng)它看到bigbird的時候,會發(fā)出很響的噪音,這樣別的兄弟姐妹就會躲到地下去直到鳥飛走;但當(dāng)它看到蛇的時候,就會發(fā)出另外一種不同,這是所有meerkat會到一起來嚇退蛇1男生的問題,明天要去面試,,一個是穿室友的,但是很大,擔(dān)心不能給面試官留下好印象;或者,提供的方法,今天放學(xué)后抓緊時間,男生不太愿意,因為他的錢現(xiàn)在都省下來想買個自行車,買了衣服就沒錢買車了。2男生急著要完成藝術(shù)paper,但必需要去museum才能完成,而museum明天就要關(guān)門了,只能今晚去,可是這個男生今晚又有課要上。給了兩個建議:(1)向負責(zé)paper的教授請求延遲交,男生說這樣教授會生氣的(2)向今晚上課的老師請假,然后去museum,缺的內(nèi)3Problem:thewomanbrokeheranklewhileyingfootball,soshecannotridetoteachsomehighschoolstudents,andthereisnobuseither.Solution:t‐‐-‐‐--‐cah-‐‐-‐‐--‐ns2:askone4把她老媽的車停在了校園,怕吃罰單。她打算去把車開走,男生建議別管,現(xiàn),而且快上課了,5一個女的想選一門歷史課(historyoftechnology),是她最后一學(xué)期一定要選的,不選就不能畢cancel了。她可以:1.換一節(jié)別的課,但其他課程她都不感,怕學(xué)不好。2.或者找那節(jié)課的老師,doanindependentstudywiththeprofessor,但是她之前做過一次類似的independentwork,雖然學(xué)到很多東西,但是toomuchwork.6 的車停車，一是要停在較遠的位置，但是趕不上考試，二是放在沒有的位置， 7【一個問題】男生答應(yīng)下午5點要開車送他朋友去上班，但他有個會議也是在5點，時間沖【解決方案】(1)打 給他朋友，取消送他朋友;(2)送朋友去上班后再去開會，但可能會遲到，boss會生氣。8；個把你9took6classesthissemesterandshewasselectedtothewomen'sbasketballteam。平時籃球訓(xùn)練占用了她太多的學(xué)習(xí)時間。【解決方案】:自己說出方案1:toquitthebasketballteamsinceittakestoomuchtime。男生說她gotintheteamafterseveraltimesofapplication,放棄了很shameful。男生說出方案2:todropsomeclasseswhicharenotsoimportant。反正也不是requiredclasses。但說goodscoresinextraclassesmaymakehercompetitivetoattendagraduateschool。有個男學(xué)生Sam負責(zé)在學(xué)校放,然后這星期他還請到了professor來介紹(在放映前)。但是professor臨時家里有急事就cancel了這個lecture。Sam自己就想了兩種解決辦法,一個是reschedule,準(zhǔn)備材料講,但是就會少了Q&A環(huán)節(jié),因為他沒辦法回答學(xué)生問題。 碰到的問題:要在的 上章,但是處理出現(xiàn)些問題【解決方法】mm推薦方法1,不要放上去。但是gg覺得這樣文章缺少。方 【1個問題】themancan'tfindhiscamerabeforehistriptoSpain.springbreak【2個建議】hecaneitherbuyanewone,orborrowonefromhisfriendJake.讓他買,但enoughmoney,他自己說他朋友(貌似說了具體的名字)可以借給他,用,說:對,萬一broken或者stolen就不好了Intheconversation,themannsatriptoSpainduringthespringbreak,butunfortunay,hecan'tfindhiscamera.Heissoupsetbecausehecan'ttakepicturesthere.Thewomanofferstwopossiblesolutions.Oneistobuyanewone,andanotherchoiceistoborrowacameraformhisfriend.Thefirstchoiceseemsimpossiblebecausehecan'taffordanewcamera.Andhealsodoesn'twanttoborrowfromhisfriendthoughit'savailable.Thewomanagreeswithhim,becauseifthecameraisbrokenorstolen,itwillalsobeaproblem.Andifitweremychoice,Iwillchoosethelatterone.Iwouldliketotakepicturesverymuchduringmytrip,andnowthatIcan'taffordanewcamera,borrowingone esagoodalternative.Thoughitisattheriskofbeingbrokenorstolen,aslongaswearecarefulenough,itwon'tbeaproblem.Problem:Thewomenisattendingay,butshe’sbusywithherschoolwork,soshe’safraidattendingtheymightinfluenceheracademicperformance.Solution1:QuittheyComment:she’smajoringintheater,andsheisnotattendingtheyjustforfun,it’sbeneficialforhercareerSolution2:Dropsomeoftherequiredclasses,takethemnextComment:shehastostartoverontheseclasses,it’salotofthemanhasa ：hewantstoattendafilmdiscussionmeetingtomorrowbuthealsohastodinewithhiscousintomorrow.twothewomandineswithcousinforthemanadvantage：cousinwillknowmorepeople themanwillnotattendthedisadvantage：thefilmdiscussionmeetingisreally【ProblemThemanintheconversationattendsaclubandtheywouldliketotraveltobuthedoesn’thaveenoughmoneytopayfortheneHecanworkextratenhourseverydayattheHecansellhisguitartopayfortheticket.Hehasn’tbeenusinghisguitarforalongThewomanandherclubmemberswerenningtogoonanoutdooractivitybutthatcewasshutdownatthelastminuteduetosomeemergenciesandtheyalreadypaidthebusfeeswhicharenon-‐efuabe.Inordertosolvethisproblem,theyhavetwosolutions:theycaneitherarrangethetriptothewaterfallsortothesciencemuseuminstead.IfIwereher,Iwouldchoosethesecondsolutionsfortworeasons.First,mostofthemembershavealreadybeentothewaterfall,soitmightbelessinterestingIftheygothereagain.What’smore,nninganewtriptothesciencemuseumwillmakepeoplefeelexcitedbecausetheexhibitionstherearefrequentlyupdated.【學(xué)生問題】的問題是:要做一個projectaboutfilmclass,今天要拍但是有雨,而且還有兩兩個解決方案:1)buildingscenes。2)可能明天拍,weatheringbetter,但是問題是明天她需要編輯,并要完成這個project,沒有時間。Man’sproblem:hehastogotohisfriend’sweddingceremonytomorrowmorning.Hehasnosuittowear1stsolution:borrowonefromhiscousin.Buthiscousinisshorterthanhim.Thesleevesandpantsofthesuitwillbeshortforhim,whichwillmakehimlooknotgoodenough.hisfriendSuzycanhelphimsewthesuittomakethesleevesandpantslonger.Butsheisnotasewingexpert.Hehastoleavecampusintheearlymorning.Hedoesnothaveenoughtime2ndsolution:buyonefromastore.Buthedoesnotwanttospendmoneyonit.