2023年名校版高考英語閱讀理解沖刺精選訓(xùn)練題庫含答案y

2023年名校版高考英語閱讀理解沖刺精選訓(xùn)練題庫含答案Therapidpaceofglobalwarminganditseffectonhabitatsraisethequestionofwhetherspeciesareabletokeepupsothattheyremaininsuitablelivingconditions.

Someanimalscanmovefasttoadjusttoaquicklychangingclimate.Plants,beinglessmobile,relyonmeanssuchasseeddispersal(傳播)byanimals,windorwatertomovetonewareas,butthisredistributiontypicallyoccurswithinonekilometeroftheoriginalplant.WritinginNature,JuanP.Gonzalez-Varoshedslightonthepotentialcapacityofmigratorybirdstoaidseeddispersal.Gonzalez-Varoandcolleaguesreporthowplantsmightbeabletokeeppacewithrapidclimatechangethroughthehelpofmigratingbirds.

Theyanalyzedanimpressivedatasetof949differentseed-dispersalinteractionsbetweenbirdandplantcommunities,togetherwithdataonentirefruitingtimesandmigratorypatternsofbirdsacrossEurope.Theauthorshypothesized(假定)thatthedirectionofseedmigrationdependsonhowtheplantsinteractwithmigratorybirds,thefrequencyoftheseinteractionsorthenumberofbirdspeciesthatmighttransportseedsfromeachplantspecies.Perhapsthemoststrikingfeatureoftheseinferredseedmovementsistheobservationthat35percentofplantspeciesacrossEuropeancommunities,whicharecloselyrelatedonthephylogenetictree(系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化樹),mightbenefitfromlongdistancedispersalbythenorthwardjourneyofmigratorybirds.

Thisparticularsubset(小組)ofplantstendstofruitoveralongperiodoftime,orhasfruitsthatpersistoverthewinter.Thismeansthattheabilityofplantstokeepupwithclimatechangecouldbeshapedbytheirevolutionaryhistory—implyingthatfutureplantcommunitiesintheNorthernHemispherewillprobablycomefromplantspeciesthatarephylogeneticallycloselyrelatedandthathavemigratedfromthesouth.Thisstudyprovidesagreatexampleofhowmigratorybirdsmightassistplantredistributiontonewlocationsthatwouldnormallybedifficultforthemtoreachontheirown,andwhichmightofferasuitableclimate.28.WhyaretherapidpaceofglobalwarminganditseffectmentionedinParagraph1?A.Tocallonthepublictohelpwithseeddispersal.B.Toshowthethreatofclimatechangeonournature.C.ToprovidethebackgroundofGonzalez-Varo’sresearch.D.Toexplainwhysomeanimalscanadapttoclimatechange.29.HowdidGonzalez-Varoandhiscolleaguesconducttheresearch?A.Byanalyzingrelateddata.B.Byconductingfieldresearch.C.Byobservingmigratingbirds.D.Byreviewingpreviousfindings.30.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph4?A.Theevolutionaryhistoryofdifferentplantsprovestobesimilar.B.Almostallplantspeciesgainbenefitsfromlong-distancedispersal.C.Plantswithlongerfruitingtimesadaptbetterwhentransportedfarther.D.Plantcommunitiesindifferenthemisphereswillbelessandlessrelated.31.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Differentwaystoredistributeplantstonewclimates.B.Impactsofclimatechangeonmigratorybirdsandplants.C.Plantsarestrugglingtokeeppacewiththeclimatechange.D.Migratorybirdsaidredistributionofplantstonewclimates.CACDDoyouplayvideogames?Ifso,youaren’talone.Videogamesarebecomingmorecommonandareincreasinglyenjoyedbyadults.Theaverageageofgamershasbeenincreasingandwasestimatedtobe35in2016.Changingtechnologyalsomeansthatmorepeopleareexposedtovideogames.Anewbreedofcasualgamershascome,whoplayonsmartphonesandtabletsatsparemomentsthroughouttheday.Butdotheyhaveanyeffectonourbrainsandbehavior?Overtheyears,themediahavemadevariousclaimsaboutvideogamesandtheireffectonourhealthandhappiness.“Gameshavesometimesbeenpraisedordemonized,oftenwithoutrealdatabackingupthoseclaims.Moreover,gamingisapopularactivity,soeveryoneseemstohavestrongopinionsonthetopic,”saysMarcPalaus,whowithhiscolleagueswantedtoseeifanytrendshadappearedfromtheresearchtodateconcerninghowvideogamesaffectthestructureandactivityofourbrains.Theycollectedtheresultsfrom116scientificstudies,22ofwhichlookedatstructuralchangesinthebrainand100ofwhichlookedatchangesinbrain

functionality

andbehavior.Thestudiesshowthatpayingvideogamescanchangehowourbrainsperform,andeventheirstructure.Forexample,playingvideogamesaffectsourattention,andsomestudiesfoundthatgamersshowimprovementsinseveraltypesofattention,suchassustainedattentionorselectiveattention.Videogamescanalsobe

addictive,andthiskindofaddictioniscalled“Internetgamingdisorder”.Researchershavefoundfunctionalandstructuralchangesintheneuralrewardsystemingamingaddicts.Theseneuralchangesarebasicallythesameasthoseseeninotheraddictivedisorders.So,whatdoallthesebrainchangesmean?“Wefocusedonhowthebrainreactstovideogameexposure,buttheseeffectsdonotalwaystranslatetoreal-lifechanges,”saysPalaus.Asvideogamesarestillquitenew,theresearchintotheireffectsisstillinitsbabyhood.32.Whatfactorcausesanewbreedofcasualgamerstoappear?A.Videogamesbecomemoreandmoreattractive.B.Thepressurefromworkbecomesbiggerandbigger.C.Modernadultsareusuallyverycuriousaboutnewthings.D.Theadvancedtechnologymakesgameseasilyaccessible.33.WhatdoesPalaus’sresearchmainlyfocuson?A.Whateffectsvideogameshaveongamers’brains.B.Whichbrainregionsareaffectedbyvideogames.C.Howvideogamesaffecthealthandhappiness.D.Whyvideogamesinfluencegamers’brains.34.Accordingtotheresearch,whydosomegamersgetaddictedtovideogames?A.Becausetheirmemorysystemsaredisturbed.B.Becausetheirsustainedattentionisimproved.C.Becausetheirneuralrewardsystemsarechanged.D.Becausetheinnerstructureoftheirbrainischanged.35.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Addictiontovideogameswilleffectourdailylife.B.Theinfluenceofvideogamesneedsafurtherstudy.C.Thereshouldbecertainlawstoregulatevideogames.D.Videogameexposurebringsharminsteadofbenefits.DACBWhenshefirstcametoBritainasarefugee(難民)fromNigeriasixyearsago,Kemihadathree-month-olddaughter,aroominasharedhouseand￡5.39tosurviveoneachday.Findingmoneyfornewclotheswas

outofthequestion.Afterfouryears,Kemiwasgranted(給與)refugeestatusand

secured

herfirstjobinterview—

unsurprisingly,shehadnothingtowear.However,shewasreferredtoasmallsocialenterprisecalledGiveYourBest,whichaskedherhersizeandwhatkindofclothessheliked.“Andtheygavemethreebeautifulshirts.Thoseclotheswerelikegoldtome.TheyaskedmewhatIactuallywanted.Thatmakesyoufeelvalued.”The

initiative

waslaunchedbySolEscobar,

who

hadspentseveralyears

volunteering

atrefugeecampsinnorthernFrance.Afriendputherincontactwithahouseholdofrefugeewomen

who

couldn’t

access

anyclothing.Escobarrealisedshehadsurplus(剩余)clothesshecoulddonate,and

appealedto

herfriendsandnetworks

for

help.Shewasfloodedwithoffers,butdidn’twanttooverloadthewomenwithpotentiallyimproperclothing.“SoIthought,ifItakephotosofalloftheseitemsandputthemonanInstagrampage,theycanallchoosethethingsthattheyactuallywant.”Eighteenmonthslater,GiveYourBesthasprocessedalmost11,000itemsofclothing,andhasmorethan800refugeewomenapprovedto“shop”forfreeonitsvirtualshopfront.Itisaimingformuchmore,however.HavingreachedtheverylimitofdonationsandrequestsitcouldhandlethroughInstagram,theenterprisehasjustlaunchedanewdigitalplatformthatwillallowittohugelyupscale.Likethehugelysuccessfulclothingresaleapp,clothesarephotographedanduploadedtoGiveYourBest,wherecustomersselectthosetheylikeanddonorsthenposttheitem.

Crucially,however,nomoneychangeshands.Aswellasgivingchoicetoitsusersandminimisingfashionwaste,Escobarsaysoneconsequencehasbeenthesmallbutintimate(親密的)connectionsestablishedbetweendonorandshopper.

Manydonorschoosetoincludeasupportivenoteandasmallgift—hugelywelco