新能源汽車專業(yè)英語試題庫

機工2020版《新能源汽車專業(yè)英語》試題庫第一部分：專業(yè)術語ACinductionmotor(ACIM)交流感應式電動機activetest主動測試alkalinebattery堿性電池alkalinefuelcell堿性燃料電池all-electric-range(AER)全電續(xù)駛里程alternativefuel替代燃料alternativefueledvehicle替代燃料汽車ampere-hour(Ah)capacity安時容量armaturewinding電樞繞組asynchronousACmotor異步交流電動機automatictransmission自動變速器auxiliarybattery輔助蓄電池balancingunit平衡裝置batteryblock電池塊，電池子模塊batterycontroller蓄電池控制器batteryelectricvehicle(BEV)純電動汽車batterymanagementsystem（BMS）電池管理系統（BMS）batterypack電池組CE內燃機cellcontroller單體電池控制器chargestate荷電狀態(tài)chargingrate充電率，充電速度citybus城市公共汽車CNG壓縮天然氣commutatorsegment換向器片compressednaturalgas壓縮天然氣compressionignitionengine壓燃式發(fā)動機continuouslyvariabletransmission機械式無級變速器currentdriver電流驅動器current-carryingconductor載流導體cyclelife循環(huán)壽命DC-DCconverter直流-直流變換器DC-to-DCconverter直流-直流轉換器deep-cyclebattery深度循環(huán)蓄電池depthofdischarge(DoD)放電深度designparameter設計參數diagnostictroublecode故障碼dieselfuel柴油燃料digitalmultimeter(DMM)數字式萬用表dischargerate放電率driveforce驅動力drivetrain傳動系統drivewheel驅動車輪，驅動輪drivercircuit驅動電路drivingrange續(xù)駛里程electricdrivemotor驅動電動機electricmotor電動機electricvehicle電動汽車electricalmachine電機electricalschematic電氣原理圖，電氣簡圖electric-poweredvehicle電動汽車electronicfuelinjection電子控制燃油噴射electronicswitch電子開關electronicthrottle電子節(jié)氣門energyaccumulator蓄能器，儲能系統energydensity能量密度energystoragesystem(ESS)儲能系統energystorageunit儲能裝置excitationcurrent勵磁電流fatiguefailure疲勞失效fieldcoil勵磁線圈，磁場線圈fieldwinding磁場繞組flexiblefuelvehicles(FFV)靈活燃料汽車fluxleakage漏磁fossilfuel化石燃料，礦物燃料freezeframe凍結數據幀front-wheeldrive前輪驅動fueleconomy燃油經濟性fueltank燃油箱fuel-cellcar燃料電池汽車fuel-cellelectricvehicles(FCEV)燃料電池電動汽車fuel-cellstack燃料電池堆fullhybrid重度混合動力gasinjector氣體噴射器gasolineengine汽油機gearbox齒輪箱gearunit齒輪機構hand-heldtester手持式檢測儀HVbatterypack高壓電池組hybridcar混合動力汽車hybriddrive混合動力，混合驅動裝置hybridelectricvehicles(HEV)混合動力電動汽車hybridizationfactor混合度hydrogenfuelcell氫燃料電池hydrogenfuelingstation加氫站ICengine內燃機individualcell單體電池insulatedgatebipolartransistor(IGBT)絕緣柵雙極晶體管insulationresistance絕緣電阻IntegratedMotorAssist(IMA)集成化電機輔助intelligentpowerunit(IPU)智能動力單元inverterassembly逆變器總成lead-acidbattery鉛酸蓄電池liquefiednaturalgas液化天然氣lithiumbattery鋰電池lithiumironphosphate磷酸鐵鋰(LiFePO4)lithiumnickelcobaltmanganate三元鋰（鎳鈷錳酸鋰）(LiNiCoMnO2)lithium-ionbattery鋰離子電池lithium-polymerbattery鋰聚合物電池LNG液化天然氣magneticfield磁場mediumhybrid中度混合動力meggertester絕緣測試儀membraneelectrodeassembly(MEA)膜電極metalhydride金屬氫化物microhybrid微混合動力mildhybrid微混合動力milespergallon(MPG)英里/加侖milespergallonequivalent(MPGe)當量英里/加侖motordrivemodule(MDM)電動機驅動模塊motorgenerator（MG）電動機/發(fā)電機總成motorinverter電動機逆變器negativeelectrode負極nickelmetalhydridebatterypack鎳氫電池組nickel-basedbattery鎳電池nickel-cadmium(Ni-Cd)battery鎳鎘(Ni-Cd)電池nickel-metalhydride(NiMH)battery鎳氫(NiMH)電池off-boardcharging離車充電onboardcharging車載充電，隨車充電opencircuit斷路oxidation-reductionreaction氧化還原反應parallelhybrid并聯式混合動力passengervehicle乘用車，載客車輛performanceparameter性能參數permanentmagnet永久磁鐵permanentmagnetbrushlessDCmotor永磁無刷直流電動機petrolengine汽油機plug-inelectricvehicles(PEV)插電式電動汽車plug-inHEV插電式混合動力電動汽車plug-inhybridelectricvehicle(PHEV) 插電式混合動力電動汽車positiveelectrode正極powerbattery動力電池powerdensity功率密度powerdown斷電，掉電powertransistor功率晶體管power-splithybrid功率分流式混合動力，混聯式混合動力protonexchangemembranefuelcell(PEMFC)質子交換膜燃料電池pulsewidth脈沖寬度，脈寬pureelectricvehicle純電動汽車regenerativebraking再生制動remainingcapacity剩余容量rollingresistiveforce滾動阻力safetyglasses安全眼鏡safetyplug安全插頭sensingunit傳感裝置serialhybrid串聯式混合動力series-parallelhybrid混聯式混合動力，功率分流式混合動力serviceplug維修插頭shortcircuit短路，短接smartkey智能鑰匙sparkignitionengine點燃式發(fā)動機special-purposevehicle專用車輛specificenergy比能量specificpower比功率stalltest失速試驗stateofcharge(SoC)荷電狀態(tài)stateofhealth(SoH)健康狀態(tài)steelcylinder鋼筒，鋼瓶stronghybrid重度混合動力，強混合動力summarisinggear合成機構synchronousACmotor同步交流電動機tandemmotor級聯電動機，雙電動機temperaturesensor溫度傳感器thermalcut-out熱熔保險器torqueconverter液力變矩器totalresistiveforce總阻力touchscreen觸摸屏tractionmotor推進電動機tractiveeffort驅動力transmissionsystem傳動系統warninglabel警告標貼wheelhubdrive輪轂驅動wheelmotor車輪電動機wirelesscharging無線充電wiringharness線束zero-emissionvehicle零排放汽車第二部分：常用縮寫縮寫英文含義中文含義AERall-electric-range全電續(xù)駛里程BEVbatteryelectricvehicle純電動汽車BMSbatterymanagementsystem電池管理系統CEcombustionengine內燃機CNGcompressednaturalgas壓縮天然氣DMMdigitalmultimeter數字式萬用表DoDdepthofdischarge放電深度DTCdiagnostictestercode故障碼ECUelectroniccontrolunit電子控制單元EMelectricmotor電動機EMSelectronicenginemanagementsystem發(fā)動機電子管理系統ENGengine發(fā)動機ESSenergystoragesystem儲能系統EVelectricvehicle電動汽車FCfuelcell燃料電池FCEVFuelcellelectricvehicle燃料電池電動汽車FCHEVFuelcellhybridelectricvehicle燃料電池混合動力電動汽車FFVflexiblefuelvehicles靈活燃料汽車GNDground搭鐵，接地HEVhybridelectricvehicle混合動力電動汽車HVhighvoltage高壓ICinternalcombustion內燃ICintegratedcircuit集成電路ICEinternalcombustionengine內燃機ICEVinternalcombustionenginevehicle內燃機汽車IGignition點火，點火開關IGBTinsulatedgatebipolartransistor絕緣柵雙極晶體管IMAIntegratedMotorAssist集成化電機輔助IPMinteriorpermanentmagnet內置永磁Li-Ionlithium-ion(battery)鋰離子（電池）Li-polylithium-polymer(battery)鋰-聚合物（電池）LNGliquefiednaturalgas液化天然氣LPGliquidpetroleumgas液化石油氣MCMmotorcontrolmodule電動機控制模塊MDMmotordrivemodule電動機驅動模塊MEAmembraneelectrodeassembly膜電極MGmotorgenerator電動機/發(fā)電機MGRmotor/generatorrear電動機/發(fā)電機(后)MPGmilespergallon英里/加侖mpgmilespergallon英里/加侖MPGemilespergallonequivalent當量英里/加侖Ni-Cdnickel-cadmium(battery)鎳-鎘（電池）NiMHnickel-metalhydride(battery)鎳-氫（電池）PCUpowercontrolunit動力控制單元PDUpowerdriveunit動力驅動單元PEMprotonexchangemembrane質子交換膜PEMFCprotonexchangemembranefuelcell質子交換膜燃料電池PEVplug-inelectricvehicle插電式電動汽車PHEVplug-inhybridelectricvehicle插電式混合動力電動汽車PMpermanentmagnet永磁PSMpermanentmagnetthree-phasesynchronousmotor永磁三相交流同步電動機RLYrelay繼電器SENsensor傳感器SMRsystemmainrelay系統主繼電器SOCstateofcharge荷電狀態(tài)SoCstateofcharge荷電狀態(tài)SoHstateofhealth健康狀態(tài)SPMsurfacepermanentmagnet表面永磁SWswitch開關第三部分：英譯漢1.WhatareAlternativefuelscurrentlycommerciallyavailableandcloselyattended?目前商業(yè)可用和受到密切關注的替代燃料有哪些？·Liquefiedpetroleumgas液化石油氣·CNG壓縮天然氣·Methanol甲醇·Hydrogen氫·Fuel-cell燃料電池·Electricity電能·Hybrid（electricity+conventionalfuels）混合動力（電+傳統燃料）2.Whatarethetypesofelectricvehicles?電動汽車分為哪幾種？Electricvehiclesarebroadlycategorizedintofourgroupsbasedontheelectricdesignoftheirpowertrains,namelybatteryelectricvehicles(BEVs),plug-inhybridelectricvehicles(PHEVs),hybridelectricvehicles(HEVs),andfuel-cellelectricvehicles(FCEVs).OnlyBEVsandPHEVsareplug-capable,andarereferredtoasplug-inelectricvehicles(PEVs).根據電動汽車動力傳動系統的電動設計，將電動汽車大致分為四大類，即純電動汽車(BEV)、插電式混合動力汽車(PHEV)、混合動力電動汽車(HEV)和燃料電池電動汽車(FCEV)。只有BEV和PHEV是可插接充電器進行充電的，故被稱為插電式電動汽車(PEV)。3.Whatarethebasiccomponentsoflithiumionbatteries?鋰離子電池的基本組成包括哪些元件？ALi-ionbatterycellhasfivebasiccomponentsthatfacilitatetheenergyconversionprocess.Thefirstcomponentisananode,whichgivesuptheelectronstoanexternalcircuit(e.g.,electricmotor)andoxidizesduringthereaction.Thesecondcomponentisacathode,whichacceptstheelectronsfromtheexternalcircuit.Thethirdcomponentistheelectrolytewhichcompletesiontransferinsidethecells.Thefourthcomponentisamembranethatactsaseparatorandpreventstheinternalshortcircuitsbetweentheanodeandthecathode,andthelastcomponentisacontainer,whichisdevisedforsafetypurposes.鋰離子電池的單體電池具有促進能量轉換過程的五個基本元件。第一個元件是陽極，它的作用是在反應期間將電子供給到外部電路(例如，電動機)而氧化。第二個元部件陰極，其作用是接受來自外部電路的電子。第三個元件是電解質，其作用是完成電池內離子轉移。第四個元件是隔膜，隔膜起分隔作用，防止陽極和陰極之間的內部短路，而最后一個元件是容器，它是為安全目的而設計的。4.WhatarethefuctionsofBMS?電池管理系統的功能有哪些？TheBMSshouldmonitor,control,andcommunicatewiththebattery.Therefore,theprimaryfunctionsofaBMSare:?Under-voltageandover-voltageprotections;?Shortcircuitprotection;?Thermalprotection;?Cellbalancing;?Controllingbatterycharginganddischarging;?DeterminingbatterySoCandSoH;?Safetyprotection.電池管理系統（BMS）應監(jiān)測、控制蓄電池，并與蓄電池進行通信。因此，BMS的主要功能是：·低壓和過壓保護；·短路保護；·熱保護；·電池平衡；·控制電池充電和放電；·確定電池SOC和SOH；·安全保護。5.Describethebasicoperationoflithiumionbatteries?敘述鋰離子電池的基本原理。InLi-ionbatteries,electricalenergyisgeneratedthroughelectrochemicaloxidation-reductionreactions.Duringthechargingstage,lithiumionsmovefromthepositiveelectrode,passthroughtheelectrolyte,andintercalatebetweengraphitelayers,andenterthenegativeelectrode.Duringthedischargeprocess,thereverseprocesstakesplace(asshowninFigure2.7),andthestoredenergyisusedtoruntheelectricmotor.在鋰離子電池中，電能是通過電化學氧化還原反應產生的。在充電階段，鋰離子從正電極移出，穿過電解質，插入石墨層間，并進入負電極。在放電過程中，發(fā)生相反反應過程(如圖2-7所示)，存儲的能量可用于驅動電動機。Figure2.7chemicalreactionprocessofaLi-ionbattery圖2-7鋰離子電池的化學反應過程6.HowtoUsethehand-heldtestertodiagnosetheHVbatterypack?怎樣使用手持式測試儀（解碼器）來診斷高壓電池組的故障？Usingthehand-heldtester,youcanreadthevalueoftheswitches,sensors,actuatorsandsoonwithoutpartsremoval.DiagnosetheHVbatterypackusingthetesterasthefollowingsteps:·Connectthehand-heldtestertotheDLC3.·TurnthepowerswitchON(IG).·Turnthehand-heldtesterON.·Onthehand-heldtester,enterthefollowingmenus:DIAGNOSIS/ENHANCEDOBDⅡ/HVECU.·SelectDTCINFO,ReadtheDTCs,FREEZEFRAMEdata(Figure6.6)andtheINFORMATIONCODEs(Figure6.7).使用手持式測試儀，您可以讀取開關、傳感器、執(zhí)行器等的值，而不需要拆卸部件。使用測試儀診斷高壓電池組，步驟如下：·將手持測試儀連接到DLC3上。·接通電源開關(IG)?！ご蜷_手持式測試儀?！ぴ谑殖譁y試儀上，輸入以下菜單：DIAGNOSIS/ENHANCEDOBDⅡ/HVECU?！みx擇故障代碼信息DTCINFO，讀取故障代碼DTC、凍結幀FREEZEFRAME數據(圖6-6)和信息代碼INFORMATIONCODE(圖6-7)。7.DescribethestepsofbatteryDisassembling（Prius）?描述蓄電池組拆卸的步驟（普銳斯）Adherethefollowingstepstodothisduringdisassemblingbatterypack.Step1:Todepowerthehigh-voltagesystem,theignitionwasoffandthenegativebatterycablewasdisconnectedfromthe12-voltauxiliarybattery,thentheHVbatterysafetyplugwasremoved.Step2:Aftercheckingthatthevoltagelevelissafe,therearseatandHVbatterycoverwereremoved.Step3:Removethehigh-voltagewiresfromthebatterypackwhilewearingHVgloves.Step4:RemovetheHVbatterypackthroughtherearofthevehicle.Step5:PlacetheHVbatterypackonaworkbenchthatiscoveredwithathickrubber(insulating)mat.Awoodtopbenchcanalsobeused.Step6:Performavisualinspection,tobesurethatelectricalconnectionsbetweenbatterymodulesarecorroded.Step7:RemovetheHVbatterypacktemperaturesensors,andremovetheHVbatteryventtubesfromthebatterypack.Step8:Removetheendcapsfromthebatterypack.Step9:Removethefastenersthatholdthebatterymodulestothebaseofthebatterypack.Step10:Removetheendmodulefromthebatterypack.拆卸電池組時，請按照以下步驟進行。第一步：將高壓系統斷電。將點火開關關閉，從12伏輔助電池上將電池負極電纜連接斷開，然后拔下高壓電池安全插頭。第二步：檢查電壓水平是否安全后，將后座和高壓電池蓋拆除。第三步：戴上高壓手套，從電池組上拆下高壓電線。第四步：通過車輛后部拆卸高壓電池組。第五步：將高壓電池組放置上面覆蓋著厚厚的橡膠（絕緣）墊的工作臺上。也可以使用木頂面長凳。第六步：進行目視檢查，以變查清電池模塊之間的電氣連接是否被腐蝕。第七步：拆卸高壓電池組溫度傳感器，并從電池組中拆下高壓電池通風管。第八步：從電池組上拆下端蓋。第九步：拆卸將電池模塊固定在電池組底部的緊固件。第十步：從電池組上拆下端部模塊。8.Brieflydescribethebasiccomponentsofaprotonexchangemembranefuelcell.簡述質子交換膜燃料電池的基本組成。APEMFCconsistsofthefollowingbasiccomponents:質子交換膜燃料電池（PEMFC）的組成包括下列基本元件：·Electrodes.Thereareafuelelectrode(anode)andanoxidantelectrode(cathode).Theyaremadeofporous,electricallyandthermallyconductingmaterial,suchasporousgraphite.·電極。有燃料電極（陽極）和氧化劑電極（陰極）。它們由多孔、導電和導熱材料制成，如多孔石墨。·Electrolyte.ThePEMFCusesprotonexchangemembraneastheelectrolyte.?電解液。PEMFC使用質子交換膜作為電解質。·CatalystLayers.Thereisonecatalystlayeroneithersideofthemembrane.Itisonthecatalystsurfacewheretheelectrochemicalreactionstakeplace.Themostcommonlyusedcatalystisplatinumorplatinumalloy.Theanode,cathode,membrane,andtwocatalystlayersareusuallysealedtogethertoformasinglemembraneelectrodeassembly(MEA).·催化劑層。膜的兩側都有一個催化劑層。就是在催化劑表面上發(fā)生著電化學反應。最常用的催化劑是鉑或鉑合金。陽極、陰極、膜和兩個催化劑層通常被密封在一起，形成一個膜電極（MEA）?！asDiffusionLayers.Thisarrangementconsistsofonegasdiffusionlayerincontactwiththeanodeandonewiththecathode.Theirfunctionsaretoensurethatthehydrogengasorairdiffusesevenlyandefficientlyoverthecatalystlayer,toprovideuniformdistributionofloadonthesurfaceoftheMEAfromthebipolarplateandtoprovideelectricalconductionbetweenthebipolarplateandtheanodeorcathode.Itismadeofporouscarbonpaperorclothtreatedwithpolytetrafluoroethylene.·氣體擴散層。這種布置由一個與陽極接觸的氣體擴散層和一個與陰極接觸的氣體擴散層組成。它們（氣體擴散層）的作用有三個：確保氫氣或空氣在催化劑層上均勻有效地擴散，提供來自雙極板的作用于MEA表面上的均布載荷（夾持力），并在雙極板與陽極或陰極之間提供導電功能。氣體擴散層是由多孔碳紙或經聚四氟乙烯處理的布制成?！ipolarPlates.Thesearecommonlymadeofgraphiteorconductingmetal(suchascoatedtitanium).Gasflowchannelsaremachinedintotheplatestoprovideinletsforthehydrogengasandair,aswellasoutletsforexcesshydrogengasforrecirculationandforwaterproducedinthefuelcell.?雙極板。它們通常由石墨或導電金屬(例如涂覆的鈦)制成。氣體流動通道被加工到板中，以提供氫氣和空氣的入口，以及用于讓過量氫氣再循環(huán)和讓燃料電池中產生的水流出的出口。第四部分：單項選擇1.Theoutputvoltageofatypicalcellvariesbetween___________A.onetosixvolts.B.sixtoeightvolts.C.eighttotenvolts.(A)2.Plug-inelectricvehicles(PEVs)include__________A.onlyBEVs.B.onlyPHEVs.C.BEVsandPHEVs.(C)3.IntheBMWparallelhybrid,thehybridmoduleconsistsof__________A.anelectricmachineEMwiththetwoclutchesC1andC2.B.twoelectricmachinesEM1andEM2.C.anelectricmachineEMwithaclutchC.(A)4.InToyotaPriusHEVs,theboostconverterisaDC-DCconverterwitchbooststhenominalvoltageofDC201.6VthatisoutputbytheHVbatteryto__________A.themaximumvoltageofDC100V.B.themaximumvoltageofDC300V.C.themaximumvoltageofDC500V.(C)5.TheIGBTisusedtoperformtheswitchingcontrol,andthepowertransistoriscontrolled_____A.bytheengineECU.B.bytheHVECU.C.bytheABSECU.(B)6.Afullhybrid,alsocalledastronghybrid,is________________A.abletopropelthevehicleusingtheelectricmotor(s)alone.B.notabletopropelthevehicleusingtheelectricmotor(s)alone.C.notcapableofpropellingthevehiclefromastopusingbatterypoweralone.(A)7.Inthepower-splithybriddrive,thecombustionenginepoweroutputissplitinto________A.twomechanicalpaths.B.mechanicalandelectricpaths.C.twoelectricpaths.(B)8.Intheserialhybriddrive,thereisnomechanicalcouplingof__________A.combustionengineandgenerator..B.combustionengineandgenerator/motor.C.combustionengineandwheels.(C)9.Toyota/Lexushybridsystemisbuiltaroundasingleplanetarygearset(power-splitdevice)andtwoelectricmotor/generators(MG1andMG2).Thepower-splitdeviceisconnectedto_______A.theICengineonly.B.theMG1andMG2only.C.theICengine,MG1andMG2.(C)10.DuringnormalDriving,theICEofToyota/Lexushybridsystemmustbestartedsothatitsoutputcanbecombinedwith________A.thatofMG2.B.thatofMG1.C.thatofMG1andMG2.(A)11.IntheToyota/Lexushybridsystem,asthevehicleisdecelerating,MG2_______A.doesn’trun.B.operatesasaelectricmotor.C.operatesasagenerator.(C)12.IntheToyota/Lexushybridsystem,theinverterconvertsthehighvoltagedirectcurrentofthebatteryinto___________A.singlephasealternatingcurrentofMG1andMG2.B.three-phasealternatingcurrentofMG1andMG2.C.lowvoltagedirectcurrentofMG1andMG2.(B)第五部分：填空1.Electricvehiclesarebroadlycategorizedintofourgroupsbasedontheelectricdesignoftheirpowertrains,namelybatteryelectricvehicles(BEVs),plug-inhybridelectricvehicles(PHEVs),hybridelectricvehicles(HEVs),andfuel-cellelectricvehicles(FCEVs).2.Stateofcharge(SoC)isanindicatorofbatterydegradationovertime,whichcanbecausedduetooperatingconditions.So