初中英語語法之-一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

TheSimplePresentTense2021/5/91getupgotobedgotosleep2021/5/92havebreakfasthavelunchhavedinnerhavesupper2021/5/93gotoschoolgohome2021/5/94startworkstartlessonsfinishschool2021/5/95playfootballwashhands2021/5/96dohomeworkwatchTV2021/5/971.我在早上七點(diǎn)半起床.2.我們?cè)?：30回家。3.他們?cè)趯W(xué)校吃午飯。4.我十二歲。

Igetupathalfpastseven.Wegohomeathalfpastthree.Theyhavelunchatschool.

I’mtwelve.2021/5/98一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，也可表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或主語具備的性格和能力，及普遍真理和自然規(guī)律。一、概念2021/5/991.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)1）I’mtwelve.(我十二歲）2)Ihavethreebaseballs.（我有三個(gè)棒球）2）I’mintheclassroom（我在教室里）3）Jackisfromchina.（杰克來自中國(guó)）4）Whereismybag?（我的包在哪兒）5）Iamastudent.(我是一名學(xué)生）二、基本用法2021/5/9102.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性和習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。1）Sheusuallygetsupatsixo’clock.(她通常在六點(diǎn)鐘起床）2）HereadsEnglisheverymorning.

他每天早晨讀英語。2021/5/911一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞：often經(jīng)常，usually通常，always總是，

sometimes有時(shí)，never從不，everyday每天，onweekends在周末等selodm很少不常every+時(shí)間（everyyear）3）Lucynevertakesashower.(露西從不洗澡）4）Wesometimesplaybasketballafterschool.(我們有時(shí)在放學(xué)后打籃球）5）Ialwaysdomyhomeworkonweekends(我總是在周末做作業(yè)）2021/5/9123.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示主語具備的性格和能力。1）ShelikesEnglish.(她喜歡英語）2）Ilikeplayingbasketballball,butdon'tlikeplayingbaseball.(我喜歡打籃球，但是我不喜歡打棒球）3）HecanspeakChinese.(他能夠說英語）4）Shesingswell.(她唱歌很好聽。）2021/5/9134.普遍真理和自然規(guī)律：

1）Twoandfourissix.二加四等于六。

2）Themoongoesaroundtheearth.月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。

3）Tenminustwoiseight.十減二等于八。

4）Lighttravelsfasterthansound.光的速度比聲音的速度快。2021/5/9145、在條件狀語從句和時(shí)間狀語從句中，遵從主將從現(xiàn)。例如：

I'lltellhimthenewswhenhecomesback.他回來時(shí)，我將告訴他這個(gè)消息。

Ifyoutakethejob,theywilltalkwithyouingreaterdetails.如果你接受這份工作，他們將和你談?wù)劶?xì)節(jié)。2021/5/9156、表示格言或警句。例如：Pridegoesbeforeafall.驕者必?cái)?。注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時(shí)，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。2021/5/916

主要通過謂語動(dòng)詞的變化和用時(shí)間詞語來表示，其中最主要的是謂語動(dòng)詞的變化。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞變化的規(guī)則是：

當(dāng)主語為非第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用原型。當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。e.g.1.Weoftengetupearlyinthemorning.2.Myfatheroftengetsupearlyinthemorning.

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表達(dá)方法2021/5/917用一句話概括：“非你、非我、非復(fù)數(shù)”如he,she,it,myfather,mymother,mysister,ourEnglishteacher,Tom,Mike,LiuJia,China,mybook,etc.（一）第三人稱單數(shù)sheheit;單個(gè)人名、地名；單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或者this/that/the+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞；不定代詞someone,somebody,nobody,everything,something,anything;不可數(shù)名詞；數(shù)字和字母2021/5/9181、一般動(dòng)詞，在詞尾加s;如：

work--

live--play--sing--eg:She______(live)inNingbo.

她住在寧波。動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)變化的規(guī)則與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)變化的規(guī)則相同。（二）動(dòng)詞三單變化規(guī)律lives

workslives

playssings2021/5/9192.以,-s,-x,-sh,-ch結(jié)尾的加-es。讀作

/iz/如：

eg:Mymother_______(wash)thecoat.

我母親洗了大衣。washesteach----wash----miss----pass----

mix----

fix----

push----wish----

teacheswashesmissespassesmixesfixespusheswishes2021/5/9203.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，變y為i，再加-es。注意一定是輔音字母加y才變，若是元音字母加y，則直接加-s。如：fly→try→fry→copy→buy→enjoy→play→say→pay→fliestries

friescopiesbuysenjoys

playssays

pays2021/5/9214.以輔音字母+o結(jié)尾的詞，一般情況是在詞尾加es,讀作[z]godogoesdoes5.特殊情況：havebe(am,are)hasis2021/5/922

1.be

動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句式：

肯定句：主語+be+表語(n.,adj.等)

e.g.He_____aworker.You____thirteen.They____intheclassroom.

否定句：主語+be+not+表語.

e.g.He_____(notbe)aworker.You______(notbe)thirteen.They______(notbe)intheclassroom.三、句式結(jié)構(gòu)isarearearen’taren’tisn't2021/5/923

一般疑問句：Be+主語+表語?

e.g.___heaworker?Yes,he___./No,he___.____youthirteen?____theyintheclassroom?Yes,they___.No,they______.

特殊疑問句：疑問詞+be+主語?

e.g.What___he?Whatcolour___thatbird?Howold___you?Where___they?IsAreArearearen’tisisn’tisisareare2021/5/924小結(jié)：be

動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句式：

肯定句：主語+be+表語(n.,adj.等)

否定句：主語+be+not+表語.

一般疑問句：Be+主語+表語?

特殊疑問句：疑問詞+be+主語?

2021/5/925

2.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)句式：

肯定句:主語(非三單)+v.原形+其他.1)I______(stay)athomeonSaturdays.2)They_____(have)sportseveryday.3)Myparents____(give)metenyuaneveryweek.

主語（三單）+v.-s/v.-es+其他.

He_______(stay)athomeonSaturdays.Lucy____(have)sportseveryday.stayhavegivestayshas2021/5/926否定句：主語(非三單)+don't+v.原形+其他4)

I_________(notstay)athomeonSaturdays.5)They_________(not)havesportseveryday.6)Myparents________(not)givetenyuantomeeveryweek.

主語(三單)+doesn't+v.原形+其他He__________(notstay)athomeonSaturdays.Lucy___________(nothave)sportseveryday.

donotdoes+notdon’tstaydon’thavedon'tgivedoesn’tstaydoesn’thave2021/5/927

一般疑問句：Do+主語(非三單)+v.原形+其他？肯定回答：Yes,主語+do.否定回答：No,主語+don't.

1)___you____(stay)athomeonSaturdays?2)___they____(have)sportseveryday?

Does+主語(三單)+v.原形+其他？

_____he_____(stay)athomeonSaturdays?_____Lucy______(have)sportseveryday?

DostayDohaveDoesDoesstayhave2021/5/928特殊疑問句：疑問詞+do/does+主語+v.原形+其他？e.g.What___you______(want)?

What_____she_____(want)?Whattime___you_____(have)lunch?

Whattime____she____(have)lunch?What____you___(do)?

What______she____(do)?How____you____(spell)it?

How_____he_____(spell)it?dodododowanthavehavewantdodospelldoesdoesdoesdoesspell2021/5/929小結(jié)：(1).如果主語是I/We/You/They及名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞不用做任何變化，即仍然用動(dòng)詞原形表示：肯定句：主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他否定句：主語+don't+動(dòng)詞原形+其他一般疑問句：Do+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？

肯定回答:Yes，主語+do.

否定回答:No，主語+don't.

特殊疑問句:

特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句?

2021/5/930(2).主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，肯定句:主語+動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)+其他否定句:主語+doesn't+動(dòng)詞原形+其他一般疑問句:Does+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他肯定回答:Yes，主語+does

否定回答:No，主語+doesn't

特殊疑問句:

特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句?

2021/5/9311.寫出下列動(dòng)詞的三單形式go____catch___brush___wash___do____like_____have____watch___drink___fly____say____learn_____eat____read____sing____buy_____study___stay____make____look___pass___carry____come___plant(種植)___teach_______buy__________練習(xí)鞏固2021/5/9322.用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Weoften_______(play)intheplayground.2.He_______(get)upatsixo’clock.3.____you______(brush)yourteetheverymorning.4.What______(do)heusually____(do)afterschool?5.Danny_______(study)English,Chinese,Maths,ScienceandArtatschool.2021/5/9336.Mikesometimes_______(go)totheparkwithhissister.7.Ateightatnight,sheoften_______(watch)TVwithhisparents.8._____Mike_____(read)Englisheveryday?9.Howmanylessons_____yourclassmate______(have)onMonday?10.Whattime______hismother_______(do)thehousework?

2021/5/9343.選擇題1.I____toschoolat7:00inthemorning.A.goB.goingC.goes2.They__bookseverydayinthelibrary.A.readsB.readC.reading3.Themonkey__eatingbananasverymuch.A.likeB.likesC.liking2021/5/9354.Myfather____toreadnewspaperaftersuppereveryday.A.likeB.likesC.liking5.IlikewatchingTV,butmymother__likeit.A.don’tB.doesn’tC.does6.____yourfatherdrinkmilkeveryday?A.DoB.AreC.Does2021/5/9367.Wewillgoshoppingifit____tomorrow.A.don'trainB.didn'trainC.doesn'trainD.isn'train8.Hesaidthesun____intheeastand____inthewest.Arose;setBrises;setsCrises,setDris