Unit+4+Discovering+Useful+Structures+課件【高效備課精研+知識(shí)精講提升】 高中英語人教版（2019）必修第三冊

Unit4SpaceExplorationDiscoveringusefulstructures:

Infinitiveusedasattributeoradverbial一、不定式的定義：不定式是動(dòng)詞的一種非限定形式,由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句中不能獨(dú)立作謂語。但不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，在句中可以作主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語、定語、狀語等。主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式進(jìn)行式完成式完成進(jìn)行式

動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)todotobedonetobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendonetohavebeendoing1.作___________:例句：那樣做是很幼稚的.Toactlikethatischildish.=ItischildishtoactlikethatTomakesuchamistakeisfoolish.=________________________________________________為避免句子出現(xiàn)“頭重腳輕”現(xiàn)象，常用it做形式主語，將真正主語的不定式后置。構(gòu)成以下結(jié)構(gòu)：It+be+adj./n.+todosth.。主語Itisfoolishtomakesuchamistake.2.作___________:例句：IwishtolearnEnglishwell.Mankinddesire

tofindoutthesecretsofuniverse.IfinditdifficulttoworkwithTom.賓語常接不定式做賓語的動(dòng)詞有：afford,agree,aim,arrange,ask,attempt,choose,continue,expect,learn,manage,plan,prefer,prepare,promise,prove,refuse,等.翻譯：我覺得對中國來說花錢探索太空是重要的。IfinditsignificantforChinatospendmoneyinspaceexploration.注意以下幾組詞的區(qū)別：(1)rememberdoing/todo(2)forget

doing/todo(3)meandoing/todo意味著……/打算做

(4)regretdoing/todo(5)stopdoing/todoTomwaswatchingTV.Butwhenhisfathergothome,hestoppedtodohishomework.3.作___________:例句：Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.Mybrotheraskedmetocleantheroomwithhim.賓補(bǔ)帶to的不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有:ask,beg,promise,permit,request,allow,invite,encourage,advise,persuade,force,order,remind,等.注意：在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中,下列動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式應(yīng)省略to:“五看”(see,watch,notice,observe,lookat)“三使”(make,let,have使役動(dòng)詞)“兩聽”(hear,listento)“一感覺”(feel)。Whomadehimwork

allnightlong?Thepolicemansawachild

playinthestreet.Don’tmakethechildren

do

suchheavywork.但是,改為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)后,應(yīng)補(bǔ)出省略的to。例句：Hewasseento

breakthewindow.Thepolicemansawachildplayinthestreet.（變被動(dòng)態(tài)）_______________________________________________________Imadehimdohiswork.（變被動(dòng)態(tài)）_______________________________________________________但是,改為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)后,應(yīng)補(bǔ)出省略的to。Achildwasseentoplayinthestreetbythepoliceman.Hewasmadetodohiswork(byme).4.作___________:例句：Myambitionistobecomeadoctor.Toseeistobelieve.眼見為實(shí)。表語Hisjobtolookafterthehorses.Ourgoaltobeadmittedtoagooduniversity.isis1.Scientistsworkhardtofind

answers.2.Theymakevehiclestocarry

bravepeopleintospacetofindout

thesecretsoftheuniverse.3.However,somescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumansrealisetheirdreamtoexplorespace.4.YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.5.America’sNASAspaceagencylaunchedVoyager1on5September1977tostudydeepspace.6.Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadanddisappointed,butthedesire

toexploretheuniverse

neverdied.目的狀語目的狀語定語定語目的狀語定語Howaboutthis?Whatarethefunctionsof”todo”7.Chinabecamethethirdcountryintheworldtoindependentlysendhumansintospace

in2003.8.ThissignalledonestepfurtherinChina’splantoestablishaspacestationinthefuture.9.Morerecently,ChinahassentChang’e4toexplore

thesurfaceofthefarsideofthemoontomake

measurementsandobservations.10.Europe,theUS,andChinaallhaveplanstofurtherstudyandexploreplanetslikeMarsandJupiter.11.Despitethedifficulties,scientistshopefuturediscoverieswillnotonlyenableustounderstand

howtheuniversebegan,butalsohelpussurvivewellintothefuture.定語定語目的狀語定語目的狀語TheInfinitiveastheAttributive(動(dòng)詞不定式用作定語)不定式作定語，一般放在被修飾的名詞、代詞后面。例如：Ihavealotofwork

todo.Sheisthefirststudent

tocometoschool.Thereisnothing

toworryabout.

只能用動(dòng)詞不定式做定語的情況例：1.Pleasemakeaneffort

tocatchthebus.2.Hemadeapromise

tocomehereontimetomorrow.1.當(dāng)修飾的名詞是ability,ambition,attempt,chance,courage,desire,decision,effort,failure,moment,promise,right,time,wish…（一些表示企圖、努力、愿望、打算、能力等意義的抽象名詞）2.序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級和thelast/theonly/thenext等后或被這些詞修飾的名詞后常用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語。Thenewspaperreporterwasthelasttowalkoutofthecave.Thisisthethirdquestiontobediscussed.這是要討論的第三個(gè)問題。那位報(bào)社記者是最后一個(gè)走出山洞的。3.當(dāng)定語表示未來的還沒做的動(dòng)作時(shí)。4.something,anything,nothing,everything等復(fù)合不定代詞常用不定式作后置定語。I’vegrownsocrazyabouteverything

todowithnature.Thelettertobewrittenistomyfather.Themattertobediscussedisimportant.5.不定式作定語也可用在have…todo和therebe中?！揪毩?xí)】1.Thereisnoone

careofher(take).2.Ihavenojewelry__________(wear）.towear1.Ihavenothingtofearbutfearitself.2.Doyouhaveanythingtosay?3.Thereisnothingtoworryabout/tobeworriedabout.totake1.Wemustfindapersontodothework.2.Therearelotsofinterestingthingstosee.3.Theygottheordertoleavethecity.動(dòng)詞不定式作定語一般與所修飾的名詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系、動(dòng)賓關(guān)系、或同位關(guān)系。主謂關(guān)系（主動(dòng)）動(dòng)賓關(guān)系（被動(dòng)）同位關(guān)系6.不定式里的動(dòng)詞作定語時(shí)的關(guān)系

1）不定式與所修飾的詞是主謂關(guān)系.Heistheonlypersontoknowthetruth.Sheisalwaysthefirst(person)tocomeandthelasttoleave.2）不定式與所修飾的詞是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系.Wehavesomething

todiscuss.（主謂關(guān)系）（discusssomething.動(dòng)賓關(guān)系）（thepersoncomesandleaves.主謂關(guān)系）Ihaveameeting

（attend）.

toattendthemeeting動(dòng)賓關(guān)系Iattend主謂關(guān)系toattend不定式作后置定語，與被修飾詞是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且不定式和句子的主語是主謂關(guān)系，則不定式用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。Ihavealotofclothes

（wash）.Ihavealotofclothes

（wash）bymymother.towashtobewashed不定式作后置定語，與被修飾詞是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且不定式和句子的主語是主謂關(guān)系，則不定式用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。3)不定式與所修飾的詞是同位關(guān)系,解釋說明所修飾詞的內(nèi)容，常見的這類詞有plan,effort,ability,chance,decision,way,ambition...e.g.Imustkeep

thepromisetopaywithinamonth.

1.Givemeasuitablepentowritewith.2.Hismotherislookingforahousetolivein.3.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.4.Hereisapieceofpaperforyoutowriteon.作定語的動(dòng)詞不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。7、不定式加介詞作定語單句語法填空①InmanyhomesintheUK,thefirstperson___________(wake)uphastomaketeaforthefamily．②Theairport______________(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea．③Thebestway____________(improve)yourEnglishistojoinanEnglishclub．④Carolwashappythatshehadthechance_____________(experience)thelifeinthecity．⑤Thesecoursesofferusopportunities____________(improve)ourabilitiestoappreciateart．towaketobecompletedtoimprovetoexperiencetoimproveTheInfinitiveastheadverbial(動(dòng)詞不定式用作狀語)1.目的狀語①Hecameheretoattendanimportantmeeting.

他來這兒參加一個(gè)重要的會(huì)議。②Helaiddownhislifetosavethechild.他為了救這個(gè)孩子獻(xiàn)出了生命。③Heshoutedandwavedinordertobenoticed.

他喊了一聲，揮了揮手，以引起注意。④

I'llwritedownhistelephonenumbersoasnotto

forgetit.我會(huì)記下他的電話號(hào)碼，以免忘記。有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出這種目的，也可以用inorder(not)todo，和soas(not)todo結(jié)構(gòu)（soastodo不可以置于句首）。2.結(jié)果狀語①Hereturnedhometolearnhisdaughterhadjustbeenengaged.

他回家后得知女兒剛剛訂婚了。②HewenthometofindhisoldfriendGeorgewaitingforhim.

他到家發(fā)現(xiàn)他的老朋友喬治在等他。③WhathaveIsaidtomakeyousoexcited?

我說了什么使你這么激動(dòng)?不定式作結(jié)果狀語常與learn,find,see,hear,make等連用。①Shewassoangryastobeunabletospeak.

她氣得連話都說不出來。②Theboyisoldenoughto

takecareofhimself.

這個(gè)男孩夠大了，可以自己照顧自己。③Hehurriedtothestation,onlyto

findthetrainhadleft.他匆匆忙忙趕到火車站，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)走了。④I'mtootiredtostayuplonger.我太累了，不能再熬夜了。不定式作結(jié)果狀語常用于以下句型結(jié)構(gòu)：①so/such…astodo

②enoughtodo③onlytodo(常表示意外的或事與愿違的結(jié)果)

④too…todo1.Heboughtabookandwassurprised_________(find)apictureoftheartistPierreBonnardsittingonthesamechairinthesamegardenashisfather’spainting.2.Georgereturnedafterthewar,only__________(tell)thathiswifehadlefthim.3.Mary’ssister,FrancesToddWallance,oftencameover__________(plant)flowersinthefrontyard.tofind高考鏈接tobetoldtoplant原因狀語（意外）結(jié)果狀語目的狀語3.原因狀語①I'mgladtoseeyou.

很高興見到你。②Samwasverysurprisedtohearthenews.

薩姆聽到這個(gè)消息很吃驚。③Iwasafoolnottolistentoyouatthattime.

我真是個(gè)傻瓜，當(dāng)時(shí)不聽你的話。不定式作原因狀語常用于以下句型結(jié)構(gòu)：“主語(人)

+be+形容詞+todo”，此類形容詞多是glad,excited,disappointed,shocked等表示喜怒哀樂的情緒形容詞。

4.“主語(物)+be+形容詞+todo”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞有：easy,difficult,important,nice,pleasant,hard,dangerous,comfortable等；且不定式和句子的主語是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系Thesongishard

（sing）.Thequestioniseasy

（understand）.Ourmonitoriseasy

（get）alongwith.Theproblemisverydifficult

（solve）.toget

tosolve

tounderstandtosing

單句語法填空①________(learn)moreaboutChineseculture,JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse．②WetravelonDay2tonorthernFrance_______(visit)theWorldWarⅠbattlefields．③WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustglad______(find)themalive．④Wouldyoubesokindas________(spare)sometimetocomeandjoinus?TolearntovisittofindtospareTheairport______________(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.

(2013四川改)2.Wearehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision__________(make)atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.(2012重慶)3.Volunteeringgivesyouachance_________(change)lives,includingyourown.

(2013北京)4.Thestudentsarelookingforwardtohavinganopportunity_________(explore)societyofreal-lifeexperience.(2013

上海)5.Ihavealotofreadings___________(complete)beforetheendofthisterm.

(2010

山東)tobecompletedtobemadetochange高考鏈接toexploretocomplete6.Theplay______________(produce)nextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.(2009安徽)7.Theability_________(express)anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.(2011湖南)8.It’simportantforthefigures____________(update)regularly.(2011北京)9.Birds’singingissometimesawarningtootherbirds______(stay)away.(2012北京)10.It’sstandardpracticeforacompanylikethisone_________(employ)asecurityofficer.(2014山東)tobeproducedtoexpresstostaytobeupdatedtoemploy11._________(make)iteasiertogetintouchwithus,you’dbetterkeepthiscardathand.(2016北京改)12.Anxiously,shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton,only_______(find)itdidn’tfit.(2014天津改)13.Groupactivitieswillbeorganisedafterclass_________(help)childrendevelopteamspirit.(2014重慶改)14.Georgereturnedafterthewar,only__________(tell)thathiswifehadlefthim.(2012山東)15.Thismachineisveryeasy___________(operate).Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.(2012遼寧)16.Wewereastonished________(find)thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.(2010遼寧)