2022年貴州省六盤水市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)重點(diǎn)匯總（含答案）

2022年貴州省六盤水市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)重點(diǎn)匯總（含答案）學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.Wecanconsiderourchildrenunderstresswhenthey______.

A.areunabletocommunicatetheirfeelingsaccurately

B.havetroublecommunicatingtheirresponsestoevents

C.oftenfeelabdominalpainwithoutaknownreason

D.haveapoorandovercrowdedfamily

2.

______is"needle-like".

3.

Besidesthefeatureof"doingmorewithless",thesphericalstructureofdomecanalsoallownatural______withoutobstruction.

4.

Thedisabilityinsuranceobtainedbytheemployeebenefitsplanis______.

A.notenoughforadecentliving

B.quiteenoughforadecentliving

C.betterthanthesalarybyworkingregularly

D.asequalasyouroriginalweeklysalary

5.

MostofAntarcticaappearstobeimmunetothebigmeltfornowbecauseit'slargelyinsulatedfromglobaltrendsandit'ssobigastogenerate______.

6.

SomeEuropeancountriesarerestrictingtheplantingandimportationofGMagriculturalproductsbecauseGMcropscouldposeuniqueriskstotheenvironmentandtohealth.

A.YB.NC.NG

7.ThesurveysofERShelplow-incomehouseholdsdevelopeconomizingpractices.

8.

Retailersandmarketingfirmshavefoundthat______withpeopleinthevirtualworld.

9.

Theverbalgymnastlikesusingcomplexsentencesandmouth-fillingphrasesjustasmakinga______.

10.PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

Self-esteem:theMythofFeelingGoodAboutOneself

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

Noonewouldarguethatchildrenthrivewhentheyfeelrespected,important,andcaredforbyotherpersons,orthattheyfalterwhentheylacktheself-prideandself-confidencethataccompaniessuchapprovalandsupport.However,atthehandsofeducatorseagertoencouragelaggingpupils,amythhasdevelopedthatraisingyoungsters'self-esteemisasuremeansofimprovingtheirlevelsofachievementandsolvingmanyofthenation'ssocialills.

A1990report,forinstance,proposesthat"self-esteemisthelikeliestcandidatefora'socialvaccine',somethingthatempowersustoliveresponsiblyandthatkeepsusfromthelureofcrime,teenpregnancy,andeducationalfailure.Thelackofself-esteemiscentraltomorepersonalandsocialillsplaguingourstateandnationasweapproachtheendofthetwentiethcentury."

Bythe1960s,followingtheadventoftheself-actualizationtheoriesofpersonalgrowthespousedbypsychologistsAbrahamMaslowandCarlRogers,interestinenhancingself-esteemasapathtoaccomplishmentgotunderwayinthenation'sschools.Sincethen,dozensof"how-to"bookshavedescribedwaysforimprovingchildren'spositivefeelingaboutthemselves.Thetheoryissimple:Feelinggoodisanecessarypredecessorofaccomplishment.

Despiteitscurrentpopularity,questionscanberaisedabouttheassumptionsunderlyingtheself-esteemmovement.Forexample,whatbenefitdoesathird-gradergainintellingherself,"Iamsmart,""Iamagoodstudent,"—allformsofthe"affirmativelanguage"advocatedbyDouglasBlochinhisbookPositiveSelf-talkforChildren?

Doesitreallyenhancetheself-esteemofmembersofthefifth-gradebaseballteam—orimprovetheirathleticskill—wheneveryoneisawardedatrophy,despitethefactthattheteamdidnotshownoticeableimprovementthroughouttheseason?Whateffectwillthishaveonnextyear'seffortswhenthisrecordofperformanceendswithapparentapprovalandsatisfaction?Countlessstatisticsandsurveyshavehadaunanimous(一致的)result:nothingischanged,andthedaysgoonthesameasever.

Peopleareeagertopraisethetoddlerforafewtentativestepsandthetwo-year-oldforsimplyattemptingtomatchform.withholeinapuzzleboard.Self-esteemisheightenedintheyoungchildthroughsuchloveandapproval.Olderkids,though,arefoxyanalystsandknowwhenperformancemeritspraiseandwhenitdoesnot.Repeatingindiscriminatepraiseoracclaimingminimalaccomplishmentsruntheriskoftransformingpositiveresponseintomeaninglessflattery(恭維).

Self-esteemtheoristsappeartohaveitbackwards.Meaningfulself-evaluationandpositiveself-esteemusuallyaretheresults,nottheprerequisites(前提),ofaccomplishment.Praiseisjustonesourceoffeedback;self-esteemmoreoftencomesfromanawarenessthattherequirementsofasought-aftergoalhavebeenmastered.Acquiringtheknowledgeandskillsthatenableachildtomakeprogresstowardsuchgoalsisanecessarybasisfordevelopinghealthy,realisticself-esteem.

SportsareanarenainwhichAmericansgenerallyhavelittlereluctancetorequirehardworkandpersistence.Coachesdonothesitatetopointouterrorsandmistakes.Children'sself-esteemdoesnotappeartosufferwhentheyaretoldthattheyneedtopracticemoreandconcentrateonthetaskathand.Theusualeffectisrenewedefforttowork,practice,andlearn.

In

A.elegantB.ignorantC.successfulD.lonely

11.Whentheinterviewerasksthequestionsaboutthepreviousboss,hewantstofindoutwhethertheintervieweeswould______.

12.

Ifachildappearssilentandworded,orhisself-esteemdecreasedsuddenly,heorshemaybe______.

13.

Somecompaniesdon'tcareaboutwebsiteconstructionsinceconsumerscannotlearnmoreabouttheirproducts,theirbrandsandservices.

A.YB.NC.NG

14.

Forthoselessselectivecolleges,testscoresareusuallyusedfor______.

15.

AsapartofDHS'sMetropolitanMedicalResponseSystem,acitycanobtain______indevelopingplans.

16.Bothmother-to-childtransmissionandpartner-to-partnertransmissioncanbepreventedorprotectedeffectivelybydrugsfor______.

17.IsCollegeReallyWorththeMoney?

TheRealWorld

EsteGriffithhaditallfiguredout.WhenshegraduatedfromtheUniversityofPittsburghinApril2001,shehadhersightssetononething:workingforalaborunion.

Therealworldhadotherideas.Griffithleftschoolwithnotonlyadegree,butaboatloadofdebt.Sheowed＄15,000instudentloansandhadrackedup＄4,000increditcarddebtforbooks,groceriesandotherexpenses.Nolaborunionjobcouldpayenoughtobailherout.

SoGriffithwenttoworkinsteadforaWashington,D.C.firmthatspecializesineconomicdevelopment.Problemsolved?Nope.Atage24,shetakeshomeabout＄1,800amonth,＄1,200ofwhichdisappearstopayherrent.Addanother＄180amonthtoretireherstudentloansand＄300amonthtowhittledownhercreditcardbalance."Youdothemath,"shesays.

Griffithhaspracticallynomoneytoliveon.Shebrown-hags(自帶午餐)herlunchandbikestowork.Aboveall,shefearsshe'llneverownahouseorbeabletoretire.It'snotthatsheregretsgettingherdegree."Battheydon'ttellyouthatthetrade-offisthenexttenyearsofyourincome,"shesays.

That'spreciselythedealbeingmadebymoreandmorecollegestudents.They'remortgagingtheirfuturestomeetsoaringtuitioncostsandothercollegeexpenses.LikeGriffith,they'refacingaone-twopunchatgraduation:hefty(沉重的)studentloansandsmotheringcreditcarddebt--nottomentionajobmarketthat,fornowanyway,isdismal.

"Weareforcingourchildrentomakeachoicebetweentwoevils,"saysElizabethWarren,aHarvardLawprofessorandexpertonbankruptcy."Skipcollegeandfacealifeofdiminishedopportunity,orgotocollegeandfacealifeshackled(束縛)bydebt."

TuitionHikes

Forsometime,collegeshaveinsistedtheirsteeptuitionhikesareneededtopayforcutting-edgetechnologies,facultyandadministrationsalaries,andrisinghealthcarecosts.Nowthere'sanewculprit(犯人):shrinkingstatesupport.Caughtinaseverebudgetcrunch,manystateshavesharplyscaledbacktheirfundingforhighereducation.

Someonehadtomakeupforthoselostdollars.Andyoucanguesswho--especiallyifyouliveinMassachusetts,whichlastyearhikeditstuitionandfeesby24percent,afterfundingdroppedby3percent,orinMissouri,whereappropriations(撥款)fellby10percent,buttuitionroseatdoublethatrate.Aboutone-thirdofthestates,infact,haveincreasedtuitionandfeesbymorethen10percent.

OneofthosestatesisCalifornia,andJanetBurrell'sfamilyisfeelingthepain.AbookkeeperinTorrance,BurrellhasadaughterattheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavis.Meanwhile,hersonsattendtwo-yearcollegesbecauseBurrellcan'taffordtohavealloftheminfour-yearschoolsatonce.

Meanwhile,evenwithtuitionhikes,California'scommunitycollegesaresostrappedforcashtheydroppedthousandsofclasseslastspring.Theresult:54,000fewerstudents.

CollapsingInvestments

Manyfamiliesthoughttheyhadasurefireplan:eveniftuitionkeptskyrocketing,theyhadinvestedenoughmoneyalongthewaytomeetthecosts.ThenafannythinghappenedonthewaytoWallStreet.Thoseinvestmentscollapsedwiththestockmarket.Amongtheloserslastyear:thewildlypopular"529"plans--federaltax-exemptcollegesavingsplansofferedbyindividualstates,whichhaveattractedbillionsfromfamiliesaroundthecountry."Wehearfrommanyparentsthatwhattheyhadsetasidedeclinedinvaluesomuchthattheynowdon'thaveenoughtoseetheirstudentsthrough,"saysPennStatefinancialaiddirectorAnnaGriswold,whowitnesseda10percentincreaseinloanapplicationslastyear.Even.withamarketthatmaybeslowlyrecovering,itwilltaketime,perhaps

A.YB.NC.NG

18.

Organicfoodisnotnecessarilybetterthanconventionalfoodintempsofnutrition,safetyortaste.

A.YB.NC.NG

19.

Socialstudierslearnbetterby______thanbyreading.

20.

ThestoryofMirabelleillustratesacommonuseofgossip—itmakesthegossipingones______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.聽(tīng)力原文：Haveyoualwayswantedtoinvest,butdidn'tknowwheretogetstarted?Herearethreebasicguidelinestosmartinvesting,foryourfuture.

Numberoneistohavecleargoals.Decidehowmanyyearsyouwillinvestfor,andwhatyourneedswillbeinthefuture.

Numbertwoistounderstandtherangeofpossibilities.You'llwantadiversifiedportfolio:onewithamixofstocks,mutualfunds,bonds,andcash.It'sajungleoutthere.Eachoftheseproductshasdifferentrisksassociatedwiththemandalsodifferentpotentialrewards.Understandthembeforeyoubuy,sotherewon'tbeanybigsurpriseslater.

Finally,numberthreeistohaverealisticexpectations.AsourfriendLeonardodaVincisaidintheyear1500:"Hewhowishestoberichinadaywillbehangedinayear."

Overthepastseveralyears,NewYorkstockshaveaveraged30%annualreturns,butdon'tcountonthisContinuing.Whileit'struethatsincetheyear1900,stockshaveaveragedan11%annualrem.It'saroller-coasterridewithmanyminusyearsaswell,soyouhavetostayinforthelongterm-youhavetoweatherthestorm-andnotbetoogreedy.

(30)

A.Todevelopasavingsplan.

B.Tosetupabankaccount.

C.Tosetclearinvestinggoals.

D.Toworkoutthebudget.

22.(24)

A.Whyspeciesdon'tavoidextinctionbyadapting.

B.Whyspeciesbecomeextinctattheratetheydo.

C.Whyhumansaren'textinct.

D.Howmanyspeciesaren'textinct.

23.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽(tīng)力原文：Somethinghappenedinthe1970's:thepriceofoilincreasedtremendously,drivingupthepriceofalmosteverythingandmakingAmericansawarethattheirlargeautomobilesusedalotofgasoline.Atthesametime,foreigncarmanufacturershadbeguntoproducesmallfuel-efficientcarsinlargequantitiesfortheexportmarket.Suddenly,thelarge,gas-consumingAmericancarswerenolongerattractivetoAmericanbuyers,whobeganbuyingforeigncarsbythethousands.TheAmericanautomobileindustrywentintoadepression.Thousandsofautomotiveworkerswerelaidoff,aswerethousandsofpeopleinindustriesindirectlyconnectedwiththeautoindustry.Peoplewhoarelaidofftendtokeepwhatmoneytheyhavefornecessities,likefoodandhousing.Theydonothavetheextramoneyneededtosendtheirchildrentocollege.Theirchildrencannotpaytheirowncollegecosts,becauseduringadepressiontheycannotfindjobs.Highunemploymentmeansthatmorestatefundsmustbeusedforsocialservice--unemploymentbenefitsandtoaiddependentchildren,forexample--thanduringmoreprosperoustimes.Itaimmeans,thatthestateshavefewerfundsthanusual,becausepeoplearepayingfewertaxes.Institutionsofhighereducationdependontwomajorsourcesofincometokeepthemfunctioning:tuitionfromstudentsandfundsfromthestates.Atthepresenttime,therearefewerstudentsthaninthepastandfewerstatefundsavailableforhighereducation.Thecollegesanduniversitiesareintrouble.

(27)

A.Theyweresmall.

B.Theywerefuel-efficient.

C.Theywereoilconsuming.

D.Theywerenotattractive.

24.(26)

A.Ithelpsonespeakthelanguageimmediately.

B.Ithelpsoneimprovereadingskill.

C.Ithelpsoneimprovewritingskill.

D.Ithelpsoneenlargevocabulary.

25.(16)

A.Theman'sarticlewaswrittenterribly.

B.Theman'sarticlewascompletelyoffthepoint.

C.Theman'sarticlewasnotacceptedbythegeneralpublic.

D.Theman'sarticlewasbasedonthegeneralpublic.

26.(36)

A.DoparentslikeMySpace?

B.IsMySpacegoodorbad?

C.MySpaceisthehomeofchildren.

D.MySpaceisthebankofchildren'sinformation.

27.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Amillionmotoristsleavetheircarsfilledupwithpetrolandwiththekeysintheignitioneveryday.Thecarsaresittinginpetrolstationswhiledriverspayfortheir(36)______.TheAutomobileAssociation(AA)hasdiscoveredthatcarsareleft(37)______foranaveragethreeminutesandsometimeslongerasdriversbuydrinks,sweets,cigarettesandother(38)______items.Withpaymentofcreditcardsbecomingmoreandmorecommon,itisnotunusualforadrivertobeoutofhiscarforaslongassixminutes,(39)______theearthiefwithagoldenopportunity.

Formorethantenyearstherehasbeenabiggerriseincar(40)______thaninmostothertypesofcrime.An(41)______ofmorethantwocarsaminutearebrokenintoorstolenintheUK.Carcrime(42)______foralmostathirdofallreported(43)______withnosignsthatthetrendisslowingdown.

(44)____________.Amateurthievesareaided,inmostcases,byourowncarelessness.TheAAstronglyrecommends(45)____________.Apartiallyopensunrooforwindowisafurthercome-ontothieves.

Therearemanyothertrapstoavoid.TheAAhasfoundlittleawarenessamongdriversaboutsafeparking.(46)____________.TheAAadvisesdriverstoparkinplaceswithpeoplearound—thievesdon'tlikeaudiences.

28.聽(tīng)力原文：M:Couldyoupleasetellmewhichroomthenewly-borntwinsnamedLindaandCathyarein?

W:Oh,yes.Theangelsareintheintensivecareunitonthesecondfloor.You'dbettercheckwiththenurse'sstationbeforegoingin,though.

Q:Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?

(14)

A.Atagasstation.

B.Atabank.

C.Atahospital.

D.Ataschool.

29.(21)

A.Atnoon.

B.Intheafternoon.

C.Intheevening.

D.Inthemorning.

30.(32)

A.Protectingroadsalongtheshore.

B.Buildingonbeacheswithseawalls.

C.Addingsandtobeacheswithseawalls.

D.Stoppingbuildingseawalls.

31.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

WiththeStartofBBCWorldServiceTelevision,millionsofviewersinAsiaandAmericacannowwatchtheCorporation'snews(36)______.

AndofcourseinBritainlistenersandviewerscan(37)______intotwoBBCtelevisionchannels,fiveBBCnationalradioservicesanddozensoflocalradiostations,Theyarebroughtsport,comedy,drama,music,newsandcurrentaffairs,education,religion,parliamentarycoverage,children'sprogramsandfilmsforan(38)______licensefeeof￡83perhousehold.

Itisaremarkablerecord,(39)______backover70years—yettheBBC'sfutureisnowin(40)______.TheCorporationwillsurviveasapubliclyfundedbroadcastingorganization,atleastforthetimebeing,butitsrole,itssizeanditsprogramsarenowthesubjectofa(41)______debateinBritain.

Thedebatewas(42)______bytheGovernment,whichinvitedanyonewithanopinionoftheBBC—(43)______ordinarylistenersandviewers-tosaywhatwasgoodorbadabouttheCorporation.(44)____________.

DefendersoftheCorporation-ofwhomtherearemany-arefondofquotingtheAmericanslogan"Ifitain'tbroke,don'tfixit."TheBBC"ain'tbroke",theysay,bywhichtheymeanitisnotbroken,sowhybothertochangeit?(45)____________.ThecommercialTVchannelswererequiredbytheThatcherGovernment'sBroadcastingActtobecomemorecommercial,competingwitheachotherforadvertisers,andcuttingcostsandjobs.(46)____________.

32.(35)

A.Theylikeplayingwithdolls.

B.Theylikethenewthings.

C.Theylikeplayingcardswithothers.

D.Theylikedrawingandmakingthings.

33.(28)

A.Shewasaskedtocallthechairman'swife.

B.ShewasaskedtomakeacopyofEnglishfinalexam.

C.Shewasaskedtogotothechairman'swife'soffice.

D.Shewasaskedtoretakethefinalexam.

34.

【B2】

35.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽(tīng)力原文：M:Ifyouwanttogetabargain,youcouldbuythisrockingchair.

W:I'dliketo,butit'sabitexpensive.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanthinkabouttherockingchair?

(12)

A.It'sreasonablypriced.

B.It'sabargain.

C.It'stooexpensive.

D.It'sstillexpensivetoher.

36.聽(tīng)力原文：M：Frank'scertainly：inagoodmood.

W：Thebargainhegotonhisnewstereomadehimveryhappy．

Q：Whatdoesthewomanmean?

(13)

A.Everyonetoldhimtocheerup.

B.Spendingmoneyputshiminagoodmood.

C.Hehadtopayahighpriceforhisnewstereo.

D.He'sverypleasedwithhispurchase.

37.聽(tīng)力原文：W:Asawell-knownpublicspeaker,canyougiveussomesuggestionsonhowtodeliveragoodspeech?

M:Tobeginwith,youshouldaskyourselfaquestion,thatis,whatdoesyouraudienceneedandwant?It'sbettertoquestionyourselfbeforethespeech.

W:Whydoweneedtoknowtheirneedsandwants?

M:Ifyouareapublicspeaker,itisabsolutelyessentialtoknowhowtocaptureandmaintaintheinterestofyouraudience,whichmeansyouhavetoknowwhattheywanttoknowandwhattheywanttohear.

W:Youmeanweshouldpayspecialattentiontothecontentofthespeech,right?

M:Yes.Ifyouelaborateonfactsandfiguresthateveryoneisalreadyfamiliarwith,thenitisquitepossiblethatyouwillactuallylosetheattentionofthosewhoarelisteningtoyourpresentation.

W:Whatshouldwedothen?

M:Manysuccessfulspeakerswillsummarizethatpartoraddsomedifferentviewpointstoit.Thisisagoodwaytoincreasetheirlevelofunderstandingofthetopic.Ifyouraudiencecannotfollowyourspeech,it'squitepossiblethatthey'llleaveordozeoff.

W:Howaboutbodylanguage?Iseemanyspeakersusealotofhandgestures.

M:Notonlyhandgestures,butalsofacialexpression,bodymovementandevenvoicechanges.Itisalwaysimportanttorememberthatsometimes,howyousaysomethingwillhavealargerimpactthanwhatyousay.

Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

19.Whatpreparationshouldapublicspeakerdoaccordingtotheconversation?

20.Whichistheproperwaytodeliveraspeech?

21.Whatcanwelearnaboutagoodspeakerfromthisconversation?

(20)

A.Puthisnotesinorderahead.

B.Askhimselfalotofquestions.

C.Knowhisownneedsandwants.

D.Figureoutwhathisaudienceisinterestedin.

38.(34)

A.Paidmuchattentiontotheresultsofscientificdiscoveries.

B.Seldomintroducedsafetylawsbeforedisastersoccurred.

C.Hardlyeverlookedintothecausesoftragedies.

D.Imposedsafetyrulesassoonasaccidentstookplace.

39.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽(tīng)力原文：Centuriesago,duringtheMiddleAges,mostofthelandinEuropewasownedbymanydifferentkingsandqueens,princesandprincesses,lordsandladies.Theydidnotallgetalong.Theywerealwaysfighting.Theyallwantedtogetmoreland.Toprotectthemselves,theystartedbuildinghugehomesoutofstone.Theycalledtheirhomescastles.Acastlewasbuiltbehindastrongstonewall.Thewallwasfiveorsixfeetthickandtentotwentyfeethigh.Adeepditchcalledamoatwasdugaroundtheoutsideofthewall.Itwasoftenfilledwithwater,andtheonlywayanyonecouldenterthecastlewastocrossadrawbridge.Thedrawbridgecouldberaisedorloweredoverthemoatfrominsidethecastlewalls.Themwasalsoatunnelthatbeganinthecastleandendedatthemoat.Thiswasimportantincasethecastlewascaptured.Itallowedthekingandqueentoescape.Theycouldswimacrossthemoatandhideintheforest.Livinginacastlewasnotverycomfortable.Theroomswerecoldanddamp.Everyroomcouldhaveafireburninginagreatfireplace,butuntilthetwelfthcenturycastlesdidnothavechimneys.Thesmokefromtheirfireplaceshadtogooutthroughopendoorsandwindows.Mealsoftenhadtenortwelvecourses.Themeatmightbewildboarorbirdsthatwereboiledorroastedoveranopenfire.Allthefoodwashighlyseasoned.Peopleevenputpepperintheirdrinks!Thepeoplesatatalongtableandatewiththeirfingersandaknife,allpickingtheirfoodfromthesamebigdish.Theyhadnonapkins.Therefore,theyoftenwipedtheirhandsonpiecesofbread.Whentheirfingerswereclean,theythrewthebreadtotheirhuntingdogs.

(27)

A.Kingsandqueens,princesandprincesses,andlordsandladiesbuiltcastlesinordertogetmoreland.

B.Aroundtheoutsideofacastle,amoatwasdug,whichwasoftenfilledwithwater.

C.Acastlewasbuiltbehindathickandhighstonewall,whichwasstrongenoughtostandthepossibleattackofenemies.

D.Ifadrawbridgewaspulledup,therewasnowayforpeopletoenterthecastle.

40.(46)

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

Accordingtotheauthor,thestaffcanperform.betterby______.

A.gettinginstructionsfromtheirseniormanagers

B.seizingwhattodoathandandwhattodonext

C.havingafinancialforecastasagoal

D.sharingtheirgoalswithothers

42.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Leadershipishardlyanewareaofresearch,ofcourse.Foryears,academicshavedebatedwhetherleadersarebornormade,whetherapersonwholackscharisma(capacitytoinspiredevotionandenthusiasm)canbecomealeader,andwhatmakesleadersfail.WarrenG.Bennis,possiblytheworld'sforemostexpertonleading,has,togetherwithhisco-author,writtentwobest-sellersonthetopic.Generally,researchershavefoundthatyoucan'texplainleadershipbywayofintelligence,birthorder,familywealthorstability,levelofeducation,race,orsex.Fromoneleadertothenext,there'senormousvarianceineveryoneofthosefactors.

Theauthors'researchledtoanewandtellingdiscovery:thateveryleader,regardlessofage,hadundergoneatleastoneintense,transformationalexperiencewhattheauthorscalla"crucible"(severetest).Theseeventscaneithermakeyouorbreak,you.Foremergingleaders,theydomoremakingthanbreaking,providingkeylessonstohelpapersonmoveaheadconfidently.

Ifacruciblehelpsapersontobecomeleader,therearefouressentialqualitiesthatallowsomeonetoremainone,accordingtotheauthors.Theyare:an"adaptivecapacity"thatletspeoplenotonlysurviveinevitablesetbacks,heartbreaks,anddifficultiesbutalsolearnfromthem;anabilitytoengageothersthroughsharedmeaningoracommonvision;adistinctiveandcompellingvoicethatcommunicatesone'sconvictionanddesiretodotherightthing;andasenseofintegritythatallowsaleadertodistinguishbetweengoodandevil.

Thatsoundsobviousenoughtobecommonplace,untilyoulookatsomerecentfailuresthatshowhowvalidthesedictums(formalstatementsofopinion)are.TheauthorsbelievethatformerCodaColaCo.ChairmanM.DouglasIvesterlastedjust28monthsbecause"hisgraspofcontextwassorrowful."Amongotherthings,IvesterdegradedCoke'shighest-rankingAfrican-Americanevenasthecompanywaslosinga$200millionclassactionbroughtbyblackemployees.Procter&GambleCo.ex-CEODurkJagerlosthisjobbecausehefailedtocommunicatetheurgentneedforthesweepingchangeshewasmaking.