2022屆北京市西城區(qū)高考一模英語試題

2022屆北京市西城區(qū)高三一模英語試卷

第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）

第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在

答題卡上將該項涂黑。

Amysteryman,knownasBenny,hasbeenspreadinghappiness-one$100billatatimeformorethanthree

yearsinandaroundSalem,Oregon.

Herandomly]thebillsinshopstobefound,surprisinganddelightingunsuspectingshoppers.Whenit

appearedthatothersmightbetryingtocopyhim,hestarted2hisbills.

Itisestimatedthathehashiddenmorethan$50,000worthof$100bills,andthat'sonlywhathasbeen

reported.Somepeoplehavebeenkeepingtrackof3thebillsarefound,andnoticethathehasleftthemin

stores,marketsandfairs.Thosewhofindoneallhaveasimilartaleaboutbeing4whena$100bill,withthe

markof“Benny”,fallsoutofthepackagingofsomething.

Itis5howthesebillsalwaysseemtoendupintherighthands.Theyhavehelpedpeoplepaytheir

electricbill,maketheirrent,andevenprovidethehomelesswith6foracoupleofnights.Buttherealmagic

ofBennyisthatmorethanhalfofthe7reportpayingitforwardtotheirfavoritenon-profitorastrangerin

need.Someofthemostheartwarmingstoriesinvolvechildren.8shoppingfortoys5theydecidetobuy

schoolsuppliesfortheirclassmatesorgroceriesforthelocalfoodbank.

Thebillsareso9bysomeofthepeoplewhofindthemthattheypostthemontheirrefrigeratorsor

carrythemintheirpurses.Ifsa10theysay,togiveandbelikeBenny.

1.A.coversB.buriesC.hidesD.stores

2.A.returningB.checkingC.changingD.signing

3.A.whenB.whereC.howD.why

4.A.amazedB.impressedC.inspiredD.amused

5.A.acceptableB.understandableC.memorableD.remarkable

6.A.foodB.clothingC.shelterD.transport

7.A.findersB.sellersC.losersD.beggars

8.A.ThankstoB.InsteadofC.ButforD.Apartfrom

9.A.protectedB.recommendedC.treasuredD.expected

10.A.chanceB.challengeC.recordD.reminder

第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

Today,therearegroupsofnativepeoplearoundtheworldthatstillliveatraditionallifestyle.Somelivein

remotepartsofSouthAmerica,11wayoflifeisindangerofdisappearing.TheKoruboarenativepeople

wholiveintheAmazonrainforest.Theymaketheirowntools,growtheirowncrops,andhuntandfish.Theirmain

weaponsareclubsandpoison-tippedarrows,used12bothhuntingandprotectingtheirterritoryagainst

13(outsider).

B

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

Awhitetelephonebooth(電話亭)，knownasthePhoneoftheWind,14(sit)inagardenontopofahill.

Though15(disconnect),thephoneservesasurprisingpurpose:helpingpeoplespeakoutwhattheyfeel

embarrassedtosayinfrontofothers.

16(think)abouttheideaforalongtime,Sasakifinallybuiltthebooth.t€Mythoughtscan'tberelayed

overaregularphoneline,soIwantthem17(carry)onthewind.Ihopeotherscanalsoexpresstheir

feelingsinthesameway.”

C

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

SomeQinbambootextswerediscoveredinatombinHubeiProvincethatcontainmanyrulesregarding

18peopleweresupposedtoliveandbehave.Expertssaythesetextscouldprovethegovernmentinthethird

centuryBChandedoutcruelpunishmentstopeoplewho19(break)theserules.Forinstance,officials

punishedpeoplewhostolemoneybytattooing(刺青)theirface.Therearealsootherancientlawsinthetexts.One

ofthemisthatwhenquestioningasuspect,anofficialwas20(strict)forbiddenfromusingphysicalforce.

第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)

第一節(jié)(共11小題；每小題2分，共28分)

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該

項涂黑。

A

ChineseDualLanguageImmersionProgram(CDLIP)

WhatisDualLanguageImmersion?

Duallanguageimmersionprovidesacademicinstructionintwolanguages.ThePasadenaUnifiedSchool

DistrictcurrentlyoffersaChinese-Englishimmersionprogram.

WhyChoosetheCDLIP?

Learningasecondlanguageawakenscuriosityandrespectforothernationsandtheircultures.Chineseisnot

onlyarichlanguagewithalongliterarytradition,butithasalsoemergedasaninfluentialworldwidelanguage.

OurCDLIPpromotescross-culturalsensitivity,sothatstudentscanlearnabouttheglobalizedworld.Fornative

Chinesespeakers,ourprogramensuresfulldevelopmentandmasteryofEnglishlanguageartswhilehelpingthem

becomemorefluentintheirmothertongue.

OurClassrooms

TheCDLIPservesprimaryschoolstudents,fromkindergartenthroughsecondtirade.Grades3,4and5willbe

addedinSeptemberof2022,2023and2024,respectively.TheprogramiscurrentlylocatedatLutherBurbank

PrimarySchool.Onanygivenday,youmightfindaclassroomfullofkindergartenerscountingandsortingcoins,

firstgraderssinging"TheMoreWeGetTogether”,orsecondgradersdescribingphysicsexperiments-allin

Chinese!

HowDoestheProgramWork?

CDLIPclassroomscombinenativeandnon-nativespeakerssothatallstudentsmaysucceedinbothChinese

andEnglish.WeapplyaTwo-Way90:10Model.Inkindergarten,90%oftheday'sinstructionisinChineseand

10%isdevotedtoimprovingEnglishorallanguageandtheabilitytoreadandwrite.Aschildrenprogressthrough

gradelevels,thepercentageofEnglishinstructiongraduallyincreases,finallyachievinga50:50splitbyfifthgrade.

ToRegisterYourChild

Languagelearningisalong-termprocess,soparentsareaskedtoregistertheirchildrenforthefullsixyears.

?Registeronlineatwww.pusd.us/oebetweenJune13and23.

?Theprogramisfree,supportedbythePasadenaUnifiedSchoolDistrict.

?Forkindergarten,noknowledgeofChineseisnecessary.(SomeknowledgeofChineseisexpectedfor

studentsenteringgrades1-3.)

?Applicationswillbeacceptedafterthedeadlineifspacesarcstillavailable.

?Ifyouwouldlikeassistancecompletingyourapplication,pleasecontactMs.NettyLiatBurbankPrimary

School(626)396-5760orvisitPUSDWelcomeCenter.

21.AfterattendingtheCDLIP,studentswillbeableto.

A.masterChineseartsB.understandworldhistory

C.handdowntraditionalliteratureD.developcross-culturalawareness

22.TheCDLIPisintendedfor.

AChineseteachingassistantsB.childrenandtheirparents

C.primaryschoolstudentsD.1-3-year-oldchildren

23.WhatcanyoufindinCDLIPclasses?

A.Kindergartenersspendingmorelimepracticingreading.

B.Studentslearningthroughsongsandactivities.

C.Higher-gradestudentsusingmostlyChinese.

D.Studentsfocusingonsciencevocabulary,

24.Whatcanwelearnabouttheregistration?

A.Parentsneedlopaytheprogramfee.

B.Studentsmustberegisteredeveryyear.

C.Spacesareusuallyavailableafterthedeadline.

D.PUSDWelcomeCenteroffershelpwithregistration.

B

Everysummerhecametoourvillageonhiscycle.Thecyclewasfullofcoconutsandonthehandlewashis

smallredmoneypurseandthemachetethatheusedtocutthecoconuts.Healwaysworeablueandblack

checkeredlungiandwasknownforhistoothlesssmilethattendedtoturnintoaslightlaugh.

Heoftenannouncedthearrivalofsummerbystandingunderourvillage'sGulmohartree.Duringthefirst

touchofsummer,redflowersfellonthegroundandwelcomedhimtoourvillage;soontheredflowersturnedinto

longsword-likefruitswhichhungabovehisheadashecutthecoconuts.

Heneverateanythingexceptpaan（akindofleaf）,whichhealwayscouldbeseenchewing,andhejustsat

underthetreeuntilsomeoneapproachedhim.Then,hewouldchoosethebestcoconut,andwithexpertskill,carve

itsothatthepersoncoulddrinkthesatisfyingliquid.

Formehewasanartistwhoknewhowtocarvethegreencoconutintoanoasis（綠洲）ofrelief.Hewasthe

coconutwhisperer,whoknewwhichonehadmorewater.Nobodyevertalkedabouthim,forhewasofno

significancetothebusypeopleofourvillage.HisexistencewillforeverbetiedtotheshadowoftheGulmohar

tree.

Nowadays,hedoesn'tdomuchbusiness.Kidsnolongercareforcoconutwater;theywantsoftdrinks.Iknow

hisweakbodywillfailhiminthecomingyears.Hewillnotvisitourvillage,andwithhim,allmymemoriesof

summerwilldisappear.NoonewillmisshimapartfromtheGulmohartree,hisonlyfriend.

MyfriendsandIhavestayedinthesamevillageourwholelife.Now,inourmid-thirties,wedon'thavetime

totalkaboutourchildhoodandthelitebeyondthechainsofsociety.

Evemadeupmymind.TomorrowIwilltalkwithhim.Iwilllistentohimandpreservehiminmymemory.I

willtellhimhowimportanthewasforme,howhedefinedsummerforme,and,duringeverysummer,howhe

nurtured（：茲養(yǎng)）mewiththecoconutwater,whichwasfilledwithhislove.Iwilltakeinhissmileonelasttime—a

remembranceofmychildhoodinnocence.Iwillhughimuntilmytearsmixwithhis.

25.Whatdidthekidsofthevillagereceivefromthecoconutseller?

A.Amusingtoothlesssmiles.B.Refreshmentinsummer

C.Coconutcarvingskills.D.Invaluableexperience.

26.Intheeyesoftheauthor,thecoconutselleris.

A.amagicianinhischildhoodB.aheroduringchanginglimes

CasurvivorofaforgottenminorityD.aprotectorofaprecioustradition

27.Whatmessagedoestheauthorwanttoexpress?

A.Passonwhatisyourstothenextgeneration.

B.Freeyourselffromthepressureofsociety.

CEnjoythesimplethingsinyourbusylife.

D.Appreciatesomethingbeforeit'sgone.

C

Onequestioneverycoachhasbeardintheircoachingcareeristhis.

“Whyisn'tmykidplaying?^^

Thestupidityofmany“win-at-all-cost“coachesinyouthsportsisneatlymatchedbythatof44play-my-kid-or-

else“parentsatthehigh-schoollevel

Whenthegamesstarttocount,themainreasonwhyyourkidisn'tplayingissimple:

“They'rejustnotgoodenough.,,

"He/shejustisn'tfastenough.^^

“He/shejustisn'tstrongenough”

Goodcoaches,however,arenotusuallythatblunt.TheyareveryskillfulinnottellingwhatyouandIwould

considerthe“truth".Thethingisthatmanykidsknowwhatthey'regoodat,andwhatthey'renotgoodat.Whenit

comestofootball,forinstance,mostofthemiddle-schoolersorfreshmenalreadyknowtheoneortwokidswhoare

goodenoughtoplayonthevarsityteamortocatchtheeyeofacollegeadmissionsofficer.Theirparentsdonot.

Therestplaybecausetheyenjoyit,needthediscipline,wanttobelongtoateam,havedreamedofitsince

theywerefiveorsix,aretryingtomaketheirparentshappy,needavarsitysportontheircollegeapplication,or

somecombinationofthefactorsabove.Someofthemdon'tpossessmuchathleticskill,butmakeupfbritby

practicing,bygettingstrongerandquicker,andwithon-fieldeffort.

Fartoomanychildrentodayarelivinginaworldwheretheyneverlearn"no”.Theydon'tknowhowto

handledisappointmentandfailure.Nordotheyknowhowtoreactandmoveonwhentheydon'tgettheirownway.

Ifsawfulwhenyourkidisn'tplaying.Beenthere,donethat.Noreasonableparentwantstoseetheirchild

hurt.Butnooneescapesthislifeunhurt,emotionallyifnotphysically.Whenthesekidsmoveoninlife,theyarc

goingtogetrejectedwhentheyapplyforcollege,failtogetthejobtheywant,andtastefailureanddisappointment

onmultiplefronts.

Coachesshouldtrytomakesureeveryonegetssomeplayingtime.Butthatshouldnevercomeattheexpense

ofotherkidswhoarcmoretalented,tryharderorspendmoretimepracticing.Nochildshouldevergooutforany

teamthinkingthey9regoingtobeguaranteedaspotorplayingtime,nomatterhowloudlytheirparentscomplain.

Inthatsense,sportsareatruemirroroflife.Nooneisguaranteed“playing“timeinlife.Forthemostpart,

hardwork,effort,planninganddesireisrewarded.Thebenefitscanbewonderful.Butit'sgoodtobeprepared

whenitdoesn'tworkoutthatway.

28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"blunt“probablymean?

A.Impatient.B.Annoying.C.Direct.D.Serious.

29.Theauthorbelievesthat.

A.kidsshouldlearnhowtofacerejectionintheirlife

B.peoplecanlivealifewithoutbeingemotionallyhurt

C.parentsmusthelpkidsescapedisappointmentandfailure

D.coachesneedtoensureeverystudentgetsenoughplayingtime

30.Whatprobablymotivatedtheauthortowritethispassage?

A.Coaches,mistakenbeliefsaboutvarsityteams.

B.Parents'unrealisticviewsofkids'playingtime.

C.Children'signoranceofthemeaningofsportsandlife,

D.Thepublic'sdoubtsaboutwhykidsneedtoplaysports.

D

TheUSscientistswhocreatedthefirstlivingrobotssaythelifeforms,knownasxenobots,cannow

reproduce-andinawaynotseeninplantsandanimals.XenobotsareformedfromthestemcellsoftheAfrican

clawedfrog（Xenopuslaevis）,fromwhichittakesitsname.

“Frogshaveawayofreproducingthattheynonnallyuse,butwhenyouliberatethestemcellsfromthe

embryo（胚胎）andyougivethemachancetofigureouthowtobeinanewenvironment,notonlydotheyfigure

outanewwaytomove,buttheyalsofigureoutapparentlyanewwaytoreproduce,saidMichaelLevin,a

professorofbiologyatTuftsUniversity,whowasco-leadauthorofthenewresearch.

Stemcellsareunspecializedcellsthathavetheabilitytodevelopintodifferentcelltypes.Tomakethe

xenobots,theresearchersremovedlivingstemcellsfromfrogembryosandleftthemtodevelop.

“Mostpeoplethinkofrobotsasbeingmadeofmetal,butifsnotsomuchwhatarobotismadefrombutwhat

itdoes,whichisactonitsownonbehalfofpeople,“saidJoshBongard,acomputerscienceprofessorandrobotics

expertattheUniversityofVermontandleadauthorofthestudy.tuInthatway,it'sarobot,butit'salsoclearlyan

organismmadefromfrogcells.,,

Theresearchersfoundthatthexenobotscouldreplicate（自我復(fù)制）.Butithappenedrarelyandonlyinspecific

circumstances.Thexenobotsused“kineticreplication“一aprocessthatisknowntooccuratthemolecular（分子）

level.

Withthehelpofartificialintelligence,theresearchersthentestedbillionsofbodyshapestomakethexenobots

moreeffectiveatthistypeofreplication.ThesupercomputercameupwithaC-shapethatlookedlikePac-Man,the

1980svideogame.Theyfounditwasabletofindtinystemcells,gatherhundredsoftheminsideitsmouth,anda

fewdayslaterthepackofcellsbecamenewxenobots.

“TheAIdidn'tprogramthesemachinesinthewayweusuallythinkaboutwritingcode.Itshapedandsculpted

andcameupwiththisPac-Manshape,“Bongardsaid."Theshapeis,inessence,theprogram.Theshapeinfluences

howthexenobotsbehavetospeedupthisincrediblysurprisingprocess.”

Thexenobotsareveryearlytechnologythinkofa1940scomputer-anddon'tyethaveanypractical

applications.However,thiscombinationofmolecularbiologyandartificialintelligencecouldpotentiallybeusedin

manytasksinthebodyandtheenvironment.Thismayincludethingslikecollectingmicroplasticsintheoceans,

inspectingrootsystemsandregenerativemedicine."Therearemanythingsthatarepossibleifwetakeadvantage

ofthiskindofplasticityandabilityofcellstosohIproblems,Bongardsaid.

31.AccordingtoJoshBongard,arobotshouldbedefinedintermsof.

A.itsfunctionB.itsreliabilityC.itsappearanceD.itsmaterial

32.Whatcanwelearnaboutxenobotsfromthepassage?

A.Xenobotshavecopiedstemcellsusingcomputerprograms.

B.Specializedcellsplayakeyroleinthereplicationofxenobots.

C.AImakesitpossibleforxenobotstoreplicatemoreeffectively.

D.Theshapeofxenobotswasinspiredfromavideogameinthe1980s.

33.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsfutureapplicationsofxenobots?

A.Disapproving.B.Optimistic.C.Unconcerned.D.Objective.

34.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Wheredoestheunnaturalreplicationprocesslead?

B.Arcxenobotsthefutureofartificialintelligence?

C.Theuncertainroleofrobotreproduction

D.Factorfantasy?Robotscanreproduce

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項

涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

TheTruthaboutYourMemory

Whatwouldyoubewithoutyourmemories?Howimportantisyourabilitytorememberthepastandtodraw

onittohelpyouknowwhattodonext?Pllanswertoryou:It'srightuptherewithbreathingandeating.

35

However,mostpeopleknowlittleaboutmemory.AstudybyresearchpsychologistsDanielSimonsand

ChristopherChabrisaskedpeoplesimplequestionsaboutmemoryandthencomparedtheiranswerswiththoseof

expertsinmemoryresearch.36Forinstance,tothequestion“Istherea'videocamera,inyourhead?”63%

ofpeoplesurveyedstronglyagreedormostlyagreedthathumanmemory"workslikeavideocamera,accurately

recordingtheeventsweseeandhearsothatwecanreviewandinspectthemlater.^^Noneoftheexpertsstrongly

agreedormostlyagreedthatmemoryfunctionslikethat.

Sohowdoesmemorywork?37Hemeanswellandwantstohelp,butthebesthecandoistellyou

stories.Andlikeallgoodstorytellers,heeditsforimpact,efficiency,functionality,andclarity.Hetellsyouwhathe

assumesyouneedtoknow.Healsomakeshonestmistakes—lotsandlotsofthem.Sometimeshejustgetsconfused

andleavesoutsomethingimportant.Hecouldevenincludeinaccurateinformationbyaccident.

Inotherwords,thereisnoconsistentororderlysensetomemory.Amemorywillbehiddenawayand

connectedIoothermemoriesorconceptsinwaysthatarcnotnecessarilypracticalorlogical.38

Memoriescometousinawaythatissimilartohowarchaeologistsandpolicedetectivesusebitsofinformationto

constructstoriesaboutpastpeopleandevents.

39Fortunately,enoughhasbeenrevealedtoofferuswiseandsafeguidancethroughdailylife.Your

memoryisbestthoughtofashelpfulinput.Wedon'tneedtoremembereverydetailabouteverything.

A.Theresearchershadaverytoughtimeunderstandinghumanmemories.

B.Thehumanbrainisstillamysteriousuniverseinmanyways,ofcourse.

C.Aresearchshowsrecallingthepastcanchangethememoryofwhatreallyhappened.

D.Theresultsshowhowfarremovedfromrealitythepublic'sbeliefsaboutmemoryare.

E.Onewouldthinkthatunderstandinghowmemoryworkswouldbeahighpriorityforallpeople.

F.Iprefertodescribeitassomethinglikeanoldmansittingbyacampfiresomewheredeepinyourbrain.

G.Thisiswhyaparticularsmellorsoundmaybringupamemoryeventhoughitwasn'timportantintheoriginal

experience.

第三部分：書面表達（共兩節(jié)，32分）

第一節(jié)（共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第，13題5分，共12分）

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。

Whatmakessomepeopleincapableofapologizingevenwhenthey'reclearlyinthewrong?

Peoplewhocannotapologizeoftenhavedeepfeelingsoflowself-worth.Whentheirdelicate