名校版高考英語閱讀詞義猜測題方法全總結(jié)完整版

名校版高考英語閱讀詞義猜測題方法全總結(jié)詞義猜測題的其中方法包括：1.Definition定義法2.Contrast對比法3.Similarity相似法4.Causeandeffect因果法5.Example例舉法6.Commonsense常識法7.Context上下文1.Definition定義法：一般通過定義、定語(從句)或同位語(從句)來確定詞義。例子:Itwillbeveryhardbutvery

brittle-thatisitwillbreakeasily.brittle:易碎的The

herdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.herdsman:牧羊人信號詞：be,becalled,means,bedefinedas,thatis,thatistosay,inotherwords,----(破折號)等.例子：(1).Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalleda

carpenter.木匠(2).Hisuncleisa

zoologist,

anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.動物學(xué)家(3).Theyare

vertebrates,thatis,animalshavebackbones.脊椎動物(4).Theperiodofadolescence,

i.e.theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort.青春期2.Contrast對比法定義:利用文中的反義詞以及表對比關(guān)系的詞(組)猜測詞義。信號詞:yet,but,while,thoughhowever,otherwise,ononehand...ontheotherhand,foronething...foranotherthing,insteadof等。典例分析ThoughTom'sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremains

grubby.污穢的Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings,hiswife,however,isvery

thrifty.節(jié)省的。學(xué)以致用（1）Inthepast,theworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateof

turmoil.混亂（2）Somehumanactionsarelearned,butquiteafewotheractionsare

innate.天生的（3）AlthoughalargenumberofpeopleconsideredhimtohavestolenthemoneyIwassurethathewas

innocent

ofthetheft.無辜的（4）Mostofusagreed,however,Bill

dissented.不同意真題鏈接（2020年新高考）AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it’sthe

beanpoles

withbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"beanpoles"inparagraph1referto?ABigeaters.BOverweightpersons.C.Pickyeaters.D.Tallthinpersons.【答案】D詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段"Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份).it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid."(現(xiàn)存的研究是你應(yīng)該避免和體重較大的人一起吃大餐，與之相反的是，你真正需要避免的是那些有著大胃口的______。)可知beanpoles意思是瘦的人，結(jié)合選項:A.Bigeaters大食客;B.Overweightpersons超重者;C.Pickyeaters挑食者;D.Tallthinpersons又高又瘦的人。故選D3.Similarity相似法定義:利用同義詞、近義詞(詞組)或相似的結(jié)構(gòu)猜測詞義。信號詞:當(dāng)被猜的詞前后有信號詞:or,like,as...as,thesameas等就可以通過同義詞、近義詞來確定詞義了。Motherwastall,fatandmiddleaged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostas

plump

asmother,andmuchshorter.圓胖的.【真題鏈接】(2022全國甲卷）AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguins(企鵝)longingtosayhello.Thesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer(職業(yè))asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimeto

taketheplunge.8.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“taketheplunge”underlinedinparagraph2?A.Trychallengingthings.B.Takeadegree.C.Bringbacklostmemories.D.Sticktoapromise.【8題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段劃線詞前文“Throughouthercareer(職業(yè))asaprofessionaldancershetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.(在她的職業(yè)舞蹈演員生涯中，她曾在英國巡演，但一直渴望進(jìn)一步探索)”和“Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,(當(dāng)她不再跳舞，她的兒子們最終獨立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和兒子們成家立業(yè)之后，她決定嘗試有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情。由此推知，劃線詞組taketheplunge和前文中的toexplorefurther意思相似，與trychallengingthings“嘗試有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情”意思接近。故選A4.Cause-Effect因果法定義:從原因推測結(jié)果，從結(jié)果推測原因。信號詞:because,since,as,for,dueto,so,therefore,so...that,such...that,thus例子：（1）Onewhois

destitute

hasagreatneedforfoodandclothing.(adj.貧窮的,窮困的)（2）Thatmuseumisso

immense

thatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday(adj.大的)5.Example例舉法定義:利用文中的舉例猜測詞義。信號詞:forinstance,forexample,suchas,such,like,especially,include,consistof等Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyon

appliances,forinstance,washingmachines,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.n.電器用具Carsmusthavecertainsafety

devices

suchasseatbelt,headlights,andgoodbrakes.裝置Onthefarmtheymainlyraise

poultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.家禽【真題鏈接】（2022年全國乙卷）Thatincludeshugesavingsin

maintenance

costsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaffoftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews'efforts.29.Whatdoes"maintenance"underlinedinparagraph3referto?A.Personnelsafety.B.Assistancefromdrones.C.Inspectionandrepair.D.Constructionofinfrastructure29.C【解析】詞義獵測顆。根據(jù)第三段中ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.據(jù)計算僅歐洲鐵路每年就花費約200億歐元用于維護(hù)，包括派造維護(hù)人員，經(jīng)常在夜間檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施?？芍嬀€句子意為:這包括巨大的維護(hù)成本節(jié)約和更好地保護(hù)鐵路人員的安全，故選C。6.Commonsense普通常識定義:根據(jù)普通常識和生活經(jīng)驗來猜測詞義。注意:比如了解一些英美國家的天文地理、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、宗教信仰、政治結(jié)構(gòu)、社會制度等，可以幫助加深對文章的理解，遇到生詞時，猜測詞義的能力自然就會增強(qiáng)。例題whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatientheusuallygivesan

anesthetic

tomakehimunconscious,becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.麻藥Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake,youwillwatcha

ripple

spreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater.波紋Metal

expands

whenheatedand

contracts

whencooled.膨脹冷縮Becausethischemicalliquidishighly

volatile,wemustkeepitinabottlewhichhasatightlid.易揮發(fā)的Inthestrongwind,thebeggar

shivered

withtheterriblecold顫抖7.Context上下文定義:利用語境及前后的提示來猜測詞義。注意:詞不離句，句不離章。認(rèn)真讀懂與生詞密切相關(guān)的前后句子，對詞或句子進(jìn)行合情合理的推測，排除膚淺的表義，選擇蘊(yùn)含在其中的深意。學(xué)以致用Lionsare

opportunists.Theyprefertoeatwithouthavingtodotoomuchwork....Ifanotheranimalhasmadeakilltheywilldriveitoffandtakethekillforthemselves.Bydescribinglionsas“opportunist”intheparagraph,theauthormeanstosaythatlions____A.arecruelanimalsB.arecleveranimalsC.liketotakeadvantageofotheranimalsD.liketotakeeverychancetoeat【真題鏈接】(2021年甲卷）Southbank,ataneasternbendintheThames,isthecenterofBritishskateboarding,wherethecontinuouscrashingofskateboardsleftyourheadringing.lovedit.Isoonmadefriendswiththelocalskaters.Wespokeourownlanguage.Andmyfavorite:Safe.Safemeantcool.Itmeanthello.Itmeantdon’tworryaboutit.Once,whentryingacertaintrickonthebeam(橫桿),Ifellontothestones.damaginganerveinmyhand,andTobycameover,helpingmeup:Safe,man.Safe.Afewminuteslater,whenIlandedthetrick,myfriendsbeattheirboardsloudshouting:"Safe!Safe!Safe!"Andthat’swhatmattered-landingtricks,beingagoodskater(2)單選題Whatdotheunderlinedwords"Safe!Safe!Safe!"probablymean?ABecareful!BWelldone!C.Noway!D.Don'tworry!【答案】B【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文"Andthat’swhatmattered-landingtricks,beingagoodskater(那才是真正重要的---滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板玩家)”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他的朋友大聲歡呼，因此可以推出本句的Safe是贊美的含義，結(jié)合選項，故選B。（2021年乙卷）Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter(29%)relyonlyontheirsmartphonesaccordi