中考英語專題-被動語態(tài)課件

被動語態(tài)中考語法專題知識梳理一【動詞的語態(tài)】We

speak

English.

主動語態(tài)主語

謂語

賓語English

isspoken

byus.

被動語態(tài)主語

謂語

賓語被動語態(tài)是由“be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成的，be本身無詞義，但是有人稱、時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化?！究键c1：被動語態(tài)的用法】1.

強調(diào)動作的承受者

ThispicturewaspaintedbyVanGogh.這幅畫是梵高畫的。(強調(diào)thispicture)2.

淡化動作的執(zhí)行者

ThefilmWolfWarriorsllwillbeshownonceagain.

電影《戰(zhàn)狼2》將會再次放映。(沒必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者)3.

當動作的執(zhí)行者有比較長的修飾語時

ThelecturewillbemadebyJoe,whoisayoungartistfromtheUS.

喬將會來做這次演講，他是一位來自美國的年輕藝術(shù)家?！究键c2：主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)】

一、變化原則

1.

要將主動句里的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳渲械闹髡Z，若主動句中的賓語是人稱代詞，要將賓格變成主格。

2.

把主動句中的主語變?yōu)楸粍泳渲械馁e語，主格代詞變成賓格代詞，并由by引導。二、解題步驟

1.

找主動句的賓語，變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z

2.

原來主動語態(tài)中的動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為被動語態(tài)形式：be+過去分詞done

3.

判斷賓語的單復數(shù)-----即be動詞的單復數(shù)

4.

判斷動詞的時態(tài)----即be動詞的時態(tài)

5.

修改原句的主語----即by+主句主語的賓語形式三、各時態(tài)下的被動語態(tài)

1.

一般現(xiàn)在時：主語+am/is/are+動詞的過去分詞

2.

一般過去時：主語+was/were+動詞的過去分詞

3.

一般將來時：主語+will/shall/begoingto+be+動詞的過去分詞

4.

現(xiàn)在進行時：主語+am/is/are+being+動詞的過去分詞

5.

現(xiàn)在完成時：主語+have/has+been+動詞的過去分詞

6.

過去進行時：主語+was/were+being+動詞的過去分詞

7.

過去完成時：主語+hadbeen+動詞的過去分詞

8.

過去將來時：主語+wouldbe+動詞的過去分詞四、其他形式的被動語態(tài)

1.含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：主語+情態(tài)動詞+be+動詞的過去分詞

2.有些動詞帶有兩個賓語，即直接賓語和間接賓語，變被動語態(tài)時，可把其中一個賓語變成主語，另一個留在被動結(jié)構(gòu)謂語后面。需要注意的是：若把直接賓語變成被動語態(tài)的主語，需要在間接賓語之間加上介詞“to”或"for"。

eg.Heoftentellsusinterestingstories.(主動語態(tài))

Weoftentoldinterestingstoriesbyhim.(被動語態(tài))

Interestingstoriesareoftentoldtousbyhim.(被動語態(tài))常帶雙賓語的詞有：tell、show、lend、pass、give、buy等?！究键c3：主動形式表被動意義】

1.

系動詞look,

sound,

feel,smell,

taste,

appear,

seem,

go,

prove,

turn,

stay,become,

fall,get,

grow,

keep+形容詞/名詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)

如：Thesteelfeelscold.

鋼鐵摸起來很冷。

Hisplanproved(tobe)practical.

他的計劃證明是切實可行的。

Thecakehasgonebad.

蛋糕已經(jīng)變質(zhì)了。2.

表示開始、結(jié)束、運動的動詞。如begin,

finish,

start,

open,close,

stop,end,shut,run,

move等。

如：Workbeganat7o'clockthismorning.

今天早上7點開始工作。

Theshopclosesat6p.m.everyday.

這家店每天晚上6點打烊。3.

表示主語的某種屬性特征的動詞。如:read,

write,

act,

iron,cut,draw,drive,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,

cook,lock,

shut,

dry,

eat,

drink。這類動詞一般不單獨使用，常用一個修飾語。

Thiscoatdrieseasily.

這種外衣容易干。

Yourpenwritessmoothly.

你的筆好寫。

Theplanworkedoutwonderfully.

這計劃制定得很好。

Thisknifecutswell.

這把刀子很快。

Theclothwasheswell.

這布很耐洗。4.

少數(shù)動詞用于進行時，其主動形式表示被動含義。如:print,

cook,

fry,

hang,build,

make等。

Thebooksareprinting.

這本書正在排印中。

Themeatiscooking.

肉在煮。5.

不能用于被動語態(tài)的及物動詞或動詞短語：fit,

have,

wish,cost,agreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,

succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,

belongto等。

如：Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.

這鑰匙正好跟鎖匹配。

Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.

你的故事與我們已經(jīng)聽到的說法是一致的。6.

介詞in,on,under等+名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語表被動意義，表示方位的介詞與含動作意義的名詞合用，含被動之義，其意義相當于該名詞相應的被動形式，名詞前一般不用冠詞。

undercontrol(受控制),

undertreatment(在治療中),

underrepair(在修理中),

underdiscussion(在討論中),

underconstruction(在施工中),

forsale(出售),

forrent(出租),inprint(在印刷中),

insight(在視野范圍內(nèi)),

onsale(出售),

onshow(展出),

ontrial(受審),

outofcontrol(控制不了),

outofsight(超出視線之外),

outofone'sreach(夠不著),

outoffashion(不流行)如：◆Thebuildingisunderconstruction(isbeingconstructed).◆Therumorisbeyondbelief(=can'tbebelieved).◆Hishonestcharacterisaboveallpraise.

(=Hishonestcharactercannotbepraisedenough.)◆Thathouseisforsale.(=Thathouseistobesold.)◆Thebookisnotyetinprint(=isnotyetprinted).◆Todaysometreasuresareonshowinthemuseum(=arebeingshowed).◆Theplanewasoutofcontrol(can'tbecontrolled).【考點4：使用時的注意事項】

1.

不及物動詞無被動語態(tài)

如：Whatwillhappenin100years?

100年后會發(fā)生什么?

Thedinosaursdisappearedabout65millionyearsago.

恐龍在大約在6500萬年前消失了。

2.

有些動詞用主動形式表示被動意義。

如：Thispenwriteswell.

這支鋼筆很好寫。

Thisnewbooksellswell.

這本新書賣得很好。3.

感官動詞或使役動詞使用省略to的動詞不定式，主動語態(tài)中不帶to,

但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，須加上to。

如：Agirlsawmywalletdropwhenshepassedby.

→Mywalletwasseentodropbyagirlwhenshepassedby.

Thebossmadethelittleboydoheavywork.

→Thelittleboywasmadetodoheavyworkbytheboss.4.

一些動詞短語用于被動語態(tài)時，動詞短語應當看作個整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。

如：Wecan'tlaughathim.

→Hecan'tbelaughedatbyus.

Helistenstotheradioeveryday.

→Theradioislistenedtobyhimeveryday.

Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman.

→Thesickmanisbeingtakencareofbythenurse.典型例題二一、單項選擇1.

Alotofpeopleoftenforgetthatoralexams________totestour

communicativeability.

A.design

B.aredesigned

C.aredesigning

D.arebeingdesigned2.

InthespokenEnglishofsomeareasintheUS,the"r"soundsat

theendofthewords___________.

A.aredropped

B.drop

C.arebeingdropped

D.havedropped【答案】BA3.

Nodecision_______aboutanyfutureappointmentuntilallthecandidateshavebeeninterviewed.

A.willbemade

B.ismade

C.isbeingmade

D.hasbeenmade4.

--Doyouliketheflower?

--Yes,

it__________sweet.

A.issmelling

B.smelt

C.issmelt

D.smells【答案】AD5.

Greatchanges____________

placeinChinasince1978.

A.havebeentaken

B.havetaken

C.hasbeentaken

D.took6.

--I'dliketobuythatcoat.

--I'msorry.___________out.

A.Itsold

B.It'sselling

C.It'sbeensold

D.Ithadbeensold【答案】BA7.Pauldoesn'thavetobemade_______.Healwaysworkshard.

A.learn

B.tolearn

C.learned

D.learning8.

Thegirlwasunhappybecauseshe_____bysomeboysintheclass.

A.islaughed

B.waslaughed

C.laughedat

D.waslaughedat9.

Mary_____manysongsattheparty.

A.heardsing

B.heardtosing

C.washeardsing

D.washeardtosing【答案】BDD二.

將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，每空一詞。1.

LucysentmeaNewYearCardlastweek.

ANewYearCard______________________________herbymelastweek.2.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.

Metal

____________________formakingmachines.3.Hemademedothatforhim.

I

______________________________thatforhim.4.Ihavegiventhisbooktothelibrary.

Thisbook

______________________________tothelibrary.【答案】1.wassentto

2.isused

3.isproduced

4.bewatered課堂練習三一.單項選擇。1.

KeepreadingEnglisheveryday,yourreadingskills___________quickly.

A.improve

B.willimprove

C.areimproved

D.willbeimproved2.

People________tosetofffirecrackersinsomeareasofShanghai

forseveralmonths.

A.aren'tallowed

B.weren'tallowed

C.won'tbeallowed

D.haven'tbeenallowed3.

Greatprogressinstudyingthenewmedicineforcancerrecently.

A.willbemade

B.ismade

C.hasbeenmade

D.wasmade4.Thelibraryofourneighborhood_______tenhoursaday.

A.opens

B.isopen

C.hasopened

D.isopened【答案】DDCB5.

Theriver___________bywasteproductsfromthefactory.Wecan

findnofishinit.

A.haspolluted

B.willpollute

C.hasbeenpolluted

D.willbepolluted6.People_________tosendupfireworksaroundthecenterofthecity

lastSpringFestival.

A.weren'tallowed

B.won'tbeallowed

C.arenotallowed

D.haven'tbeenallowed7.

The87thAnnualAcademyAwards(奧斯卡金像獎)ceremony___inLosAngeles,USA,onFebruary22,

2015.

A.held

B.washeld

C.washolding

D.hadbeenheld8.

Itispolitetoturnoffourmobilephoneswhentheshow____________.

A.began

B.begins

C.isbeginning

D.willbegin【答案】CABB9.

Whenthetrafficaccidents________,Iwastalkingwithmyteacher

bytheroad.

A.wouldhappen

B.hadhappened

C.washappening

D.happened10.

Nowadaysnewtaxiapps(打車軟件)___________tohelppeople

travelaroundmoreeasily.

A.areused

B.use

C.used

D.isused【答案】DA二.句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1.

Thetruckbringsvegetableshereeverymorning.(為被動語態(tài))

Vegetables______________________hereeverymorning.2.Nowadayspeoplespendalotoftimeonmobilephonesorlaptops.(改為被動語態(tài))

Nowadaysalotoftime________________________onmobilephonesorlaptops.【答案】1.arebrought

2.isspent3.

OurteachersoftenaskusnottospendtoomuchtimeontheInternet.(改為被動語態(tài))

We

___________

often

___________nottospendtoomuchtimeontheInternet.4.Inthisestate,wemustkeepthenoiseunder50dbs(分貝).(改成被動語態(tài))

Thenoisemust

______________________under50dbsinthisestate.【答案】3.

areasked

4.bekept5.TheworkershanglotsoflanternsonbothsidesofthestreeteveryNationalDay.(改為被動語態(tài))

Lotsoflanterns

______________________onbothsidesofthestreetevery

NationalDay.6.

Theprofessormentionedausefultooltohelpusthink.(改為被動語態(tài))

Ausefultool

______________________bytheprofessortohelpusthink.【答案】5.arehung

6.wasmentioned7.Thecomputersystemwillkeepyourticketsforthreedays.(改為被動語態(tài))

Yourticketswill

______________________bythecomputersystemforthree

days.8.

Wewillbuildalargeswimmingpoolinourneighborhoodnextyear.(改為被動語態(tài))

Alargeswimmingpoolwill

______________________inourneighborhood

nextyear.【答案】7.bekept

8.bebuilt9.

ThecuteBaymax(大白)frombigHero6attractedpeopleofdifferentagestothiscartoonfilm.(改為被動語態(tài))

Peopleofdifferentages

______________________thecuteBaymaxfromBigHero6tothiscartoonfilm.10.

Theoldmanhasplantedmanytreessincehecametolivehere.(改為被動語態(tài))

Manytrees

______________________plantedbytheoldmansincehecameto

livehere.【答案】9.wereattracted

10.havebeen三.時態(tài)語態(tài)填空。1.

It'ssaidthatthelongbridge____________________(build)intwomonths.2.

Wheretohavethemeeting________________(discuss).3.

Whichlanguage

_______________themostwidely______________(speak)inthe

world?4.Thelostboy_______________sofar.(notfind)5.

Lastyearalargenumberoftrees

______________(cut)down.【答案】1.willbebuilt

2.isbeingdiscussed

3.is..spoken

4.hasn'tbeenfound

5.werecut6.

Thestudents____________often______________(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.7.

Theoldmanisill.He___________________(mustsend)tothehospital.8.

Vegetables,eggsandfruits____________________(sell)inthisshop.9.

--What

_______________

knives____________(make)of?

--They___________________(make)ofmetalandwood.10.

Canthemagazine_________________(take)outofthelibrary?【答案】6.are...told

7.mustbesent

8.aresold

9.are...made;aremade

10.betaken四.

閱讀理解。

Pennywasafive-year-oldgirl.Onedaywhensheandhermother

wereatagrocerystore,Pennysawaplasticpearlnecklace(項鏈).Whatabeautifulnecklace!Shewanteditverymuch,soshebegged

hermothertobuyitforher.Themothersaid,"Well,Icanbuyyou

thenecklace,butwhenwegethome,weshoulddiscusswhatyoucan

dotopayforit.Canwedothat?"Pennyagreedwithmuchhappiness,andshegottheplasticnecklacesheloved.

HowmuchPennylovedthenecklace!Sheworeiteverywhereand

everyminute.Pennyalsodidhouseworktoearnpocketmoneyand

sheworkedveryhard.Soonshemanagedtopayoffthepriceforthe

necklace.Penny'sdaddysawallhereffortandknewhowmuch

Pennycaredaboutthenecklace.Onenight,heaskedPenny,"Penny,doyouloveme?"

"Sure,

Daddy,"thelittlegirlsaid.

"Thenhowaboutgivingmeyournecklace?"

"Comeon,Daddy!Notmynecklace!"Pennycried.

"Oh,darling,it'sfine,"herfathergaveherakiss."

"Oh!Daddy,pleasedon't!"Pennycriedevenharder.

However,severaldayslater,Pennywenttoherdaddy,withher

lipstrembling."Here,Daddy.Iloveyou."

Sheheldoutherhand.Insideitwasherbelovedplasticpearlnecklace.

Seeingthis,Penny'sfathersmiledwithsurprise.Hethenpulleda

cuteboxoutofhispocket.Insideoftheboxwasarealandbeautiful

pearlnecklace,whichwaswaitingforPennyforsolong.回答問題1.WhatdidPennywanttodowhensheandhermotherwereata

grocerystore?2.Whydidthemotheragreetobuyherdaughtertheplasticnecklace?3.HowdidPennypayoffthepriceforthenecklace?4.DidPennygiveherfatherthenecklacewhenheaskedforthe

secondtime?5.Whendidthefathergivehisdaughterarealpearlnecklace?6.WhatwouldPennyprobablysaytoherfatherwhenshesawtherealnecklace?【答案】1.Shewantedhermothertobuytheplasticnecklaceforher.2.Becausethedaughteragreedtopayfortheplasticnecklaceonher

own.3.Shedidhouseworktoearnpocketmoneytopayforthenecklace.4.No,shedidn't.5.AfterPennygavethefatherherplasticnecklace.6.Pennywouldsay,"Thankyou,Daddy.Iknowwhatisloveknow."課后檢測四一.單項選擇。1.

_______anewlibrary_______inourschoollastyear?

A.Is;built

B.Was;built

C.Does;build

D.Did;build2.

Anaccident______________onthisroadlastweek.

A.hasbeenhappened

B.washappened

C.ishappened

D.happened3.

Cotton(棉花)_______inthesoutheastofChina.

A.isgrown

B.aregrown

C.grows

D.grow4.

Sofar,themoon________bymanalready.

A.isvisited

B.willbevisited

C.hasbeenvisited

D.wasvisited5.AtalkonChinesehistory______intheschoolhallnextweek.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives6.Howmanytrees_______thisyear?A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted7.Alotofthings______bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone8.--When__________thiskindofcomputers__________?--Lastyear.A.diduseB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used9.TheGreatWall

__________allovertheworld.

A.knows

B.knew

C.isknown

D.wasknown10.

Who

__________thisbook

__________?

A.did;written

B.was;writtenby

C.did;written

D.was;written11.

Astory______byGrannyyesterday.

A.wastoldus

B.wastoldtous

C.istoldus

D.toldus12.

Themonkeywasseen

__________offthetree.

A.jump

B.jumps

C.jumped

D.tojump13.

Theschoolbag______________behindthechair.

A.puts

B.canbeput

C.canbeputted

D.canput14.Olderpeople_______well.

A.looksafter

B.mustbelookedafter

C.mustlookafter

D.lookedafter15.

Ourteacher

__________carefully.

A.shouldbelistenedto

B.shouldbelisten

C.belistened

D.islistened二.句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1.

IsteagrowninSouthChina?(改為主動語態(tài))

________people_________teainSouthChina?2.

Iamgivenabirthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)

Abirthdaypresent

________________________________bymyparentsevery

year.3.

Theworkisgoingtobefinishedintwodays.(對劃線部分提問)

How

________________theworkgoingtobefinished?4.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.(改為被動語態(tài))

AnEnglishsong

________________________bythechildren.5.Youneedn'tdoitnow.(改為被動語態(tài))

It

________________________byyounow.6.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.(改為被動語態(tài))

Metal

________________________formakingmachines.7.Hemademedothatforhim.(改為被動語態(tài))

It___________________________________thatforhim.8.Theyarewatchingthefootballmatch.(改為被動語態(tài))

Thefootballmatch________________________by

them.9.Didtheybuildabridgehereayearago?(改為被動語態(tài))

________abridge_________herebythemayearago?10.Theyhavesoldoutthelightgreendresses.(改為被動語態(tài))

Thelightgreendresses

________________________out.11.Wecallthegame"Lianliankan".(改為被動語態(tài))

Thegame________________"Lianliankan"byus.三.閱讀理解。

INEnglish,whensomeoneisveryangrywesaythisperson"sees

red",likeabullgoeswildafterseeingaredcloth.Nowitturnsoutthat"seeingred"isnotjustanexpressionforangrypeople,butalsoascientificfact.

ResearchersatNorthDakotaStateUniversityintheUSfoundthat

thereisaconnectionbetweenthecolorredandanger.Angrypeople

reallydo"seered"whereothersdon't.Andapreferenceforredover

bluemayevensuggestamorehostilepersonality.

Thestudyincludesanumberofexperiments.Inthefirst,researchers

askedagroupofpeoplewhichcolortheypreferred,redorblue.Participants(參加者)thendidpersonalitytests.Resultsshowedthat

thosewhochoseredtendedtobemorehostile.

Duringasecondtest,participantslookedatfadedimagesthatcould

beregardedeitherredorblue.Thosewhosawredscored25percent

higheronhostilityinthepersonalitytest.

"Hostilepeoplehavehostilethoughts;hostilethoughtsare

connectedwiththecolorred,andthereforehostilepeopleseethiscolor

morefrequently,"theresearcherstoldTheIndependent.

Finally,theparticipantsweretoldaboutimaginarysituationsin

whichtheycouldtakedifferentactions.Resultsshowedthatinthese

situations,red-preferrin