2022年北京高考英語(yǔ)試題

絕密★啟封并使用完畢前試題類(lèi)型：2022年普通高等學(xué)校全國(guó)招生統(tǒng)一考試〔北京卷〕英語(yǔ)本試卷共16頁(yè)，共150分?？荚嚂r(shí)長(zhǎng)120分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無(wú)效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一局部：聽(tīng)力理解（共三節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)〔共5小題；每題1.5分，總分值7.5分〕聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最正確選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)答復(fù)有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話你將聽(tīng)一遍。例：Whatisthemangoingtoread?A.Anewspaper.B.Amagazine. C.Abook.答案是A。Whenwillthefilmstart?A.At5:00.B.At6:00. C.At7:00.Whichclubwillthemanjoin?A.Thefilmclub.B.Thetravelclub. C.Thesportsclub.Whatwastheweatherlikeinthemountainsyesterday?A.Sunny. B.Windy. C.Snowy.Whatdoesthemanwanttocutoutofpaper?A．Afish. B．Abird. C．Amonkey.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Inalibrary.B.Atabookstore.C.Inamuseum.第二節(jié)〔共10小題；每題1.5分，15分〕聽(tīng)下面4段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最正確選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有5秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀每題。聽(tīng)完后，每題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白你將聽(tīng)兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，答復(fù)第6至7題。6．Whydoesthewomanmakethecall?

Tomakeaninvitation.Toaskforinformation.Todiscussaholidayplan..Howmuchdoesthewomanneedtopayfortheminibus?A.$50,B.$150,C.$350.聽(tīng)第7段材料，答復(fù)第8至9題。.Whatarethetwosperkersmainlytalkingabout?A.Electronicwaste.B.Soilpollution. C.Recylingbenefits..Whatdoesthewomandecidetodowithhercellphoneintheend?A.Throwitaway. B.Keepitathome. C.Sellittoberecycled.聽(tīng)第8段材料，答復(fù)第10至12題。A.Friends..Whatisthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthetwosperkers?A.Friends.B.Wifeandhusband.C.Businesspartners..Wheredoesthewomanworknow?A.Inaschool. B.Inarestaurant..Whatarethetwosperkersgoingtodo?A.Totakeatrip. B.Tohaveacoffee.聽(tīng)第9A.Inaschool. B.Inarestaurant..Whatarethetwosperkersgoingtodo?A.Totakeatrip. B.Tohaveacoffee.聽(tīng)第9段材料，答復(fù)第13至15題。.Whathasbeenimprovedaccordingtothespeaker?A.Thetrainstation.B.Thebusservice..Howdoesthespeakergettoherofficetoday?A.Bybusandonfoot.B.Bytrainandbybus.C.Inatravelagency.C.Toattendameeting.C.Theparkinglot.C.Bytrainandonfoot.15.Whoisthespeaker?A.Areporter.B.Apoliceman.C.Aphotographer.第三節(jié)〔共5小題；每題1.5分，共7.5分〕聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，完成第16至20五道小題，每題僅填寫(xiě)一個(gè)詞。聽(tīng)對(duì)話前，你將有20秒鐘的時(shí)間閱??讀試題，聽(tīng)完后你將有60秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。這段對(duì)話你將聽(tīng)兩遍。Pick-upAppointmentFormItem〔物品〕A16andsomemagazinesDestinationOverseasto17DeliveryAir□RegularTimetopickup5:0018afternoonPackingAmediumboxCustomer'sinformationMr.Hudson1989Street,Chicago,20Tel:4159786第二局部：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，45分〕第一節(jié)單項(xiàng)填空〔共15小題；每題1分，共15分〕從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最正確選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。例：It,ssonicetohearfromheragain,,welastmetmorethanthirtyyearsago.A.What,smoreB.That,stosayC.InotherwordsD.Believeitornot答案是D。Samuel,thetallestboyinourclass,easilyreachthebooksonthetopshelf.A.mustB.shouldC.canD.need一Peter,pleasesenduspostcardswe’llknowwhereyouhavevisited.一Noproblem.A.butB.orC.forD.soEveryyear,makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.A.whateverB.whoeverC.whomeverD.whichever一Yes.Theyarehappywithit.A.DidyoucallB.HaveyoucalledC.WillyoucallD.Wereyoucalling.birdsusetheirfeathersforflight,someoftheirfeathersareforotherpurposes.A.OnceB.IfC.AlthoughD.Because.Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree-linedstreet,notknowingshewasheading.A.whyB.whereC.howD.whenA.saveB.savingC.tosaveD.savedIfyoudon,tunderstandsomething,youmayresearch,study,andtalktootherpeopleyoufigureitout.A.becauseB.thoughC.untilD.sinceInthe1950sintheUSA,mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome,andwirelessphonesyet.A.haven,tinventedB.haven,tbeeninventedC.hadn,tinventedD.hadn,tbeeninventedThenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,frombutterfliestoelephants.A.rangingB.rangeC.torangeD.rangedThelittleproblemswemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.A.that B.asC.where D.whenA.tospend B.spendC.spendingD.spentPeoplebetteraccesstohealthcarethantheyusedto,andthey,relivinglongerasaresult.A.willhaveB.haveC.hadD.hadhadIfthenewsafetysystemtouse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.A.hadbeenputB.wereputC.shouldbeputD.wouldbeputManypeoplewholivealongthecoastmakealivingfishingindustry.A.atB.inC.onD.by第二節(jié)完形填空〔共20小題；每題1.5分，共30分〕閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最正確選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。HannahTaylorisaschoolgirlfromManitoba,Canada.Oneday,whenshewasfiveyearsold,shewaswalkingwithhermotherindowntownWinnipeg.Theysawaman36outofagarbagecan.Sheaskedhermotherwhyhedidthatandhermothersaidthatthemanwashomelessandhungry.Hannahwasvery37.Shecouldn'tunderstandwhysomepeoplehadtolivetheirliveswithoutshelterorenoughfood.Hannahstartedtothinkabouthowshecould38,but,ofcourse,thereisnotalotonefive-year-oldcandotosolve（解決）theproblemofhomelessness.Later,whenHannahattendedschool,shesawanotherhomelessperson.Itwasawoman,39anoldshoppingtrolley〔購(gòu)物車(chē)〕whichwaspiledwith40.Itseemedthateverythingthewomanownedwasinthem.ThismadeHannahverysad,andevenmore41todosomething.Shehadbeentalkingtohermotheraboutthelivesofhomelesspeople42theyfirstsawthehomelessman.Hermothertoldherthatifshedidsomethingtochangetheproblemthatmadehersad,shewouldn,t43asbad.HannahbegantospeakoutaboutthehomelessnessinManitobaandtheninotherprovinces.Shehopedto44hermessageofhopeandawareness.ShestartedtheLadybugFoudation,anorganizationaimingatgettingridofhomelessness.Shebeganto45 “BigBosses“l(fā)unches,whereshewouldtrytopersuadelocalbusinessleadersto46tothecause.Shealsoorganizedafundraising（募捐）drivein“LadybugJars“tocollecteveryone'ssparechangeduring“MakeChange〃month.Morerecently,thefoundationbegananother47calledNationalRedScarfDay—adaywhenpeopledonate$20andwearredscarvesinsupportofCanada's48andhomeless.ThereisanemergencyshelterinWinnipegcalled“Hannah'sPlace”,somethingthatHannahisvery49of.Hannah'sPlaceisdividedintoseveralareas,providingshelterforpeoplewhenitissocoldthat50outdoorscanmeandeath.InthemorethanfiveyearssinceHannahbeganheractivities,shehasreceivedalotof51.Forexample,shereceivedthe2007BRICKAwardrecognizingthe52ofyoungpeopletochangetheworld.But53allthis,Hannahstillhasthe54lifeofaWinnipegschoolgirl,exceptthatshepaysregularvisitstohomelesspeople.Hannahisoneofmanyexamplesofyoungpeoplewhoaremakinga55intheworld.Youcan,too!36.A.jumping B.eating C.cryingD.wavingA.annoyed B.nervous C.ashamedD.upsetA.behaveB.manage C.helpD.workA.pushingB.carrying C.buyingD.holdingA.goodsB.bottlesC.foodsD.bags41.A.excitedB.determinedC.energeticD.grateful42.A.sinceB.unlessC.althoughD.as43.A.soundB.get C.feelD.lookA.exchangeB.leaveC.keepD.spread45.A.sellB.deliverC.hostD.pack46.A.contributeB.lead C.applyD.agreeA.campaign B.trip C.procedureD.trialA.elderlyB.hungryC.lonelyD.sick49.A.awareB.afraidC.proudD.sure50A.goingB.sleeping C.traveling D.playingA.praisesB.invitationsC.repliesD.appointments52.A.needsB.interests C.dreams D.efforts53.A.forB.throughC.besidesD.along54.A.healthyB.publicC.normalD.tough55.A.choiceB.profitC.judgementD.difference第三局部：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分〕第一節(jié)〔共15小題；每題2分，共30分〕閱讀以下短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最正確選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AItwasacoldMarchdayinHighPoint,NorthCarolina.ThegirlsontheWesleyanAcademysoftballwerewaitingfortheirnextturnsatbatduringpractice,stampingtheirfeettostaywarm,Eighth-graderTaylorBisbeeshivered（發(fā)抖）alittleasshewatchedherteammateParisWhiteplay.Thetwodidn,tknoweachotherwell—Taylorhadjustmovedtotownamonthorsobefore.Suddenly,Parisfelltotheground,“Paris,seyerolledback,“Taylorsays.“Shestartedshaking.Iknewitwasanemergency.Itcertainlywas,Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure.Withoutimmediatemedicalcare,Pariswoulddie.Atfirstnoonemoved.Thegirlswereinshock.Thenthesoftballcoachshoutedout,“DoesanyoneknowCPR?”CPRisalife-savingtechnique.TodoCPR,youpressonthesickperson,schestsothatbloodmovesthroughthebodyandtakesoxygentoorgans.Withoutoxygenthebrainisdamagingquickly.Amazingly,TaylorhadjusttakenaCPRcoursethedaybefore.Still,shehesitated.Shedidn,tthinksheknewitwellenough.Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR,“Itwasscary.Iknewitwasthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath,“saysTaylor.Taylor,sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown.Onegirlcalled911.Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse,whobroughtadefibrillator,anelectronicdevices^械）thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork.Luckstayedwiththem:Paris,heartbeatreturned.“IknowIwasreallylucky/Parissaysnow.“Mostpeopledon'tsurvivethis.Myteamsavedmylife.”ExpertssayParisisright:Forasuddenheartfailure,thesinglebestchanceforsurvivalishavingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPRquickly.Today,Parisisbackonthesoftballteam.Taylorwillapplytocollegesoon.Shewantstobeanurse.“Ifeelmoreconfidentinmyactionsnow/Taylorsays.“IknowIcanactunderpressureinascarysituation/56.WhathappenedtoParisonaMarchday?A.Shecaughtabadcold.B.Shehadasuddenheartproblem.C.Shewasknockeddownbyaball.D.Sheshiveredterriblyduringpractice.WhydoesParissayshewaslucky?A.Shemadeaworthyfriend.B.Sherecoveredfromshock.C.ShereceivedimmediateCPR.D.Shecamebackonthesoftballteam..WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTaylor?A.Enthusiasticandkind.B.Courageousandcalm.

C.Cooperativeandgenerous.D.Ambitiousandprofessional.BInspiringyoungminds!WhatissospecialaboutTOKNOWmagazine?SoundWhatissospecialaboutTOKNOWmagazine?SoundW0pgood;toobeisruepromotionsinside-insteaditisjam-packedwithseriousideas.TOKNOWmakescomplexideasattractiveandHappysBiehdayilAftYeahocanbecomeinvolvedinadvancedconceptsandevenphilosophy〔哲學(xué)〕—andtheywillsoondiscoverthatTOKNOWSfeBSCRIBEkN0Wubthanjustamagazine.□AnnualSubscriptionWhat’sinside?Everymonththemagazineintroducesafreshnewtopicwitharticles,experimentsandcreativethingstomake—themagazinealsoexploresphilosophyandwellbeingtomakesureyoungreadershaveabalancedtakeonlife.Europe￡55RestofWorld￡65□AnnualSubscriptionwithGiftPackIncludesaMammothMap,apassportPuzzleBooklet,andSubscriptionEurope￡60RestofWorld￡70RefundPolicy—thesubscriptioncanbecancelledwithin28daysandyoucangetyourmoneyback..WhathappenedtoParisonaMarchday?A.Shecaughtabadcold.B.Shehadasuddenheartproblem.C.Shewasknockeddownbyaball.D.Sheshiveredterriblyduringpractice.WhydoesParissayshewaslucky?A.Shemadeaworthyfriend.B.Sherecoveredfromshock.C.ShereceivedimmediateCPR..D.Shecamebackonthesoftballteam..WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTaylor?A.Enthusiasticandkind.B.Courageousandcalm.C.Cooperativeandgenerous.D.Ambitiousandprofessional.CThenumbersmightsoundsmall,buttheyaretheleadingedgeofadangeroustrend.Whenvaccinationratesareveryhigh,astheystillareinthenationasawhole,everyoneisprotected.Thisiscalled“herdimmunity”,whichprotectsthepeoplewhogethurteasily,includingthosewhocan’tbevaccinatedformedicalreasons,babiestooyoungtogetvaccinatedandpeopleonwhomthevaccinedoesn'twork.Butherdimmunityworksonlywhennearlythewholeherdjoinsin.Whensomerefusevaccinationandseekafreeride,immunitybreaksdownandeveryoneisinevenbiggerdanger.That,sexactlywhatishappeninginsmallneighborhoodsaroundthecountryfromOrangeCounty,California,where22measlescaseswerereportedthismonth,toBrooklyn,N.Y.,wherea17-year-oldcausedanoutbreaklastyear.Theresistancetovaccinehascontinuedfordecades,anditisdrivenbyarealbutverysmallrisk.Thosewhorefusetotakethatriskselfishlymakeotherssuffer.Now,severalstatesaremovingtotightenlawsbyaddingnewregulationsforoptingout.Butnoonedoesenoughtolimitexemptions.Parentsoughttobeabletooptoutonlyforlimitedmedicalorreligiousreasons.Butpersonalopinions?Notgoodenough.Everyoneenjoysthelife-savingbenefitsvaccinesprovide,butthey'llexistonlyaslongaseveryonesharesintherisks.Thefirsttwoparagraphssuggestthat.A.asmallnumberofmeaslescasescanstartadangeroustrendB.theoutbreakofmeaslesattractsthepublicattentionC.anti-vaccinemovementhasitsmedicalreasonsD.informationaboutmeaslesspreadsquicklyHerdimmunityworkswellwhen.exemptionsareallowedseveralvaccinesareusedtogetherthewholeneighborhoodisinvolvedinnewregulationsareaddedtothestatelawsTheoveruseofvaccine.Thelackofmedicalcare.Thefeaturesofmeaslesitself.Thevaccineopt-outsofsomepeople.66.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?Tointroducetheideaofexemption.Todiscussmethodstocuremeasles.Tostresstheimportanceofvaccination.Toappealforequalrightsinmedicaltreatment.DAmachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality,onethatweusuallyassociatewithlivingthings:awishtopreserveitsownexistence.Forthemachine,thisqualityisnotin-born,norisitsomethingintroducedbyhumans;itisalogicalconsequenceofthesimplefactthatthemachinecannotachieveitsoriginalpurposeifitisdead.Soifwesendoutarobotwiththesingleinstructionoffetchingcoffee,itwillhaveastrongdesiretosecuresuccessbydisablingitsownoffswitchorevenkillinganyonewhomightinterferewithitstask.Ifwearenotcareful,then,wecouldfaceakindofglobalchessmatchagainstverydetermined,superintelligentmachineswhoseobjectivesconflictwithourown,withtherealworldasthechessboard.SolvingthesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveforwardinAIseemstobepossiblebutnoteasy.Thereareprobablydecadesinwhichtoplanforthearrivalofsuperintelligentmachines.Buttheproblemshouldnotbedismissedoutofhand,asithasbeenbysomeAIresearchers.Somearguethathumansandmachinescancoexistaslongastheyworkinteams—yetthatisnotpossibleunlessmachinessharethegoalsofhumans.Otherssaywecanjust“switchthemoff“asifsuperintelligentmachinesaretoostupidtothinkofthatpossibility.StillothersthinkthatsuperintelligentAIwillneverhappen.OnSeptember11,1933,famousphysicistErnestRutherfordstated,withconfidence,“Anyonewhoexpectsasourceofpowerinthetransformationoftheseatomsistalkingmoonshine.”However,onSeptember12,1933,physicistLeoSzilardinventedtheneutron-induced（中子誘導(dǎo)）nuclearchainreaction.67.Paragraph1mainlytellsusthatartificialintelligencemay.runoutofhumancontrolsatisfyhuman,srealdesiresD.workfasterthanamathematician68.Machineswithspecificpurposesareassociatedwithlivingthingspartlybecausetheymightbeableto.A.preventthemselvesfrombeingdestroyedBachievetheiroriginalgoalsindependentlydoanythingsuccessfullywithgivenordersbeathumansininternationalchessmatches.Accordingtosomeresearchers,wecanusefirewallsto.helpsuperintelligentmachinesworkbetterbesecureagainstevilhumanbeingskeepmachinesfrombeingharmedavoidrobots,affectingtheworld.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthesafetyproblemofsuperintelligentmachines?ItwilldisappearwiththedevelopmentofAI.Itwillgetworsewithhumaninterference.Itwillbesolvedbutwithdifficulty.Itwillstayforadecade.第二節(jié)〔共5小題；每題2分，共10分〕根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填