英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)：特殊疑問(wèn)句

第頁(yè)共頁(yè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)：特殊疑問(wèn)句英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)：特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)句用疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句叫做特殊疑問(wèn)句。答復(fù)特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)不能用yes或no。用降調(diào)。為了便于理解、掌握特殊疑問(wèn)句，我們把疑問(wèn)詞分為三類(lèi)：疑問(wèn)代詞：what，who，Which，whose，whom疑問(wèn)副詞：when，where，why，how疑問(wèn)形容詞：what(which，whose)+名詞1疑問(wèn)代詞的用法1.what引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句此類(lèi)疑問(wèn)句可以對(duì)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn)。a.對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)Whatisinyourpocket?你口袋里有什么?這個(gè)問(wèn)題可以有兩種答復(fù)：a：Thereisanegginit.在口袋里有一個(gè)蛋。b：Aneggis(init).一個(gè)蛋(在里面)。What'sintheroom?屋子里有什么?Therearealotofchairsinit.=A1otofchairsareinit.有許多椅子。注意答復(fù)此句型的問(wèn)題時(shí)，答句的單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。b.對(duì)賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn)Whatdidyoubuy?你買(mǎi)了什么?Iboughtabike.我買(mǎi)了輛自行車(chē)。c.對(duì)表語(yǔ)提問(wèn)Whatisthis?這是什么?It'sabench.這是一條長(zhǎng)凳。Whatisyourmother?你媽媽是干什么的?注意Whatis+人?此句型是問(wèn)人的職業(yè)，一般譯為“是干什么的?”Sheisateacher.她是個(gè)教師。2.Who，whom，whose引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句此類(lèi)疑問(wèn)句可以對(duì)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn)。Whobrokethewindow?(對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn))誰(shuí)打破了窗戶?who可以對(duì)主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)提問(wèn)。whom是who的賓格，對(duì)賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn)，但在口語(yǔ)中who可以代替whom。LiMingdid.李明打破的。Whoisthatwoman?(對(duì)表語(yǔ)提問(wèn))那個(gè)女人是誰(shuí)?Sheismymother.她是我媽媽。(關(guān)系)或者：SheisRose.她是羅思。(姓名)注意Whois+人?是詢(xún)問(wèn)某人的姓名或與人關(guān)系的問(wèn)句。與Whatis+人?(問(wèn)人的.職業(yè))不同。Whoseisthisumbrella?這傘是誰(shuí)的?Thisumbrellaismysister's.這傘是我姐姐的。注意whose之后假如沒(méi)有名詞時(shí)，表示“誰(shuí)的(東西)”。Which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句此類(lèi)疑問(wèn)句可以對(duì)主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn)。WhichisTom's?(對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn))哪個(gè)是湯姆的?Thisishis.這是他的。Whichdoeshewant?(對(duì)賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn))他想要哪一個(gè)?Hewantsthegreenone.他想要那個(gè)綠色的。注意疑問(wèn)詞what，who，which在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，語(yǔ)序是陳述句語(yǔ)序。2疑問(wèn)形容詞的用法what，which，whose后面跟上名詞時(shí)，這三個(gè)疑問(wèn)詞起形容詞作用。Whatsportsdoyoulike?(對(duì)賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn))你喜歡什么運(yùn)動(dòng)?Ilikebasketball.我喜歡籃球。Whosepensarethese?(對(duì)表語(yǔ)提問(wèn))這些是誰(shuí)的鋼筆?TheyareLiMing's.這些是李明的。Whosefatherdiedtwoyearsago?(對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn))兩年前誰(shuí)的父親死了?Whichpicturedidyoutake?(對(duì)賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn))哪一張照片是你拍的?Itooktheoneontheright.右邊的那一張是我拍的。3疑問(wèn)副詞的用法句型：疑問(wèn)副詞+一般疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)序～?(疑問(wèn)副詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)，所以它們不可能對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn))1.when引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句：詢(xún)問(wèn)時(shí)間Whenwereyouborn?你何時(shí)出生?(Iwasborn)onJune5，1962.我是1962年6月5日出生的。注意when引起的疑問(wèn)句，都可用簡(jiǎn)單式答復(fù)，只答復(fù)出時(shí)間就可以了。WhenwillyougotoJapan?你什么時(shí)候去____?(I'llgothere)nextyear.我明年去那兒。when問(wèn)的是詳細(xì)時(shí)間，所以不能和完成時(shí)連用。(×)Whenhaveyoubeenhere?(○)Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?你呆在這里有多久了?(○)Whendidyouehere?你什么時(shí)候來(lái)這里的?2.where引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句：詢(xún)問(wèn)地點(diǎn)、場(chǎng)所Wheredoyoulive?你住在哪兒?(Ilivein)Beijing.(可以簡(jiǎn)單答復(fù)出地點(diǎn))我住在北京。Whereareyougoing?你準(zhǔn)備去什么地方?IamgoingtoJapan.我準(zhǔn)備去____。3.why引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句：詢(xún)問(wèn)原因它的答復(fù)只能用because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句。Whyareyoulate?你為什么遲到?BecauseImettheaccident.因?yàn)槲矣錾宪?chē)禍了。Whydidn'tyouseethemovie?=Whydidyounotseethemovie?你為什么不去看那部電影?BecauseIhadseenitbefore.因?yàn)槲乙呀?jīng)看過(guò)了。4.how引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句：可分為兩類(lèi)a.“How?”how可單獨(dú)地置于疑問(wèn)句的句首。詢(xún)問(wèn)如何地做某事即做某事的方法、手段及安康、天氣Howdoyougotoschool?(問(wèn)方式)Igotoschoolbybus.我坐公共汽車(chē)。Howareyou?(問(wèn)安康)你身體怎樣?I'mfine.Thankyou!我很好。謝謝你。Howistheweathertoday?(問(wèn)天氣)今天天氣如何?It'scloudy.今天多云。表示方式、方法、手段的介詞1.by：表示交通工具，用哪一種方式bybus搭公車(chē)bytrain搭火車(chē)bybike騎自行車(chē)byair=byplane乘飛機(jī)bysea=byship乘船此時(shí)，名詞前不加冠詞。2.with：表示工具、器官withapen用筆withapencil用鉛筆withmymouth用我的嘴withmyeyes用我的眼睛Howdidyoueat?你怎樣吃的?Ieatwithaspoon.我用勺吃。此時(shí)的名詞前要加冠詞或代詞。3.in：表示方法IsayinEnglish.我用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)。其他：inink用墨水注意How?Howareyou?Howdoyoudo?你好嗎?Howabout～?=Howabout～?如何?Howdoyoulike～?=Whatdoyouthinkof～?你覺(jué)得怎樣?b：How+形容詞(副詞)～?詢(xún)問(wèn)年齡、身高、數(shù)量、次數(shù)、間隔詞組詞義例句Howmany多少(可數(shù)名詞)Howmanysistersdoyouhave?你有多少姐妹?Howmuch多少(不可數(shù)名詞)Howmuchisthebook?這本書(shū)多少錢(qián)?Howold多大(歲數(shù))Howoldareyou?你有多大年紀(jì)?Howtall多高(人、樹(shù))Howtallisthattree?那棵樹(shù)有多高?多少時(shí)間(多久)Howlongwillyoustayhere?你將停留這里多久?Howlong多長(zhǎng)(長(zhǎng)度)Howlongistherope?這繩子多長(zhǎng)?Howoften多久(頻率)Howoftendoyouvisithere?你多久來(lái)拜訪這里?Howsoon多快(時(shí)間)Howsoonwillhebeback?他多久會(huì)回來(lái)?Howfar多遠(yuǎn)(間隔)HowfarisitfromAtoB?從A到B有多遠(yuǎn)?Howhigh多高(山)HowhighisMt.Fuji?富士山有多高?初三英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：疑問(wèn)詞+不定式動(dòng)詞構(gòu)造英語(yǔ)有個(gè)很有用的構(gòu)造，就是：疑問(wèn)詞+不定式動(dòng)詞(questionword+to-infinitive)。疑問(wèn)詞是疑問(wèn)代詞“who,whom,what,which,whose”和疑問(wèn)副詞“when,where,how,why”。此外，連接詞“whether”也適用?！耙蓡?wèn)詞+不定式動(dòng)詞”構(gòu)造有何功用呢?其主要功用有以下五種：⑴當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，如：●Whentoholdthemeetinghasnotyetbeendecided.●Wheretoliveisaproblem.●Howtocopewiththerisingcostoflivingbeesadailydiscussiontopic.⑵當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，如：●Wemustknowwhattosayatameeting.●Hecouldnottellwhomtotrust.●Doyouknowhowtoplaybridge?⑶當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，如：●Theproblemiswheretofindthefinancialaid.●Thequestioniswhotoelect.⑷當(dāng)名詞同位語(yǔ)，如：●Tomhadnoideawhichbooktoreadfirst.●Doyouhavearoughimpressionhowtodoit?⑸當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，如：●Jimisnotsurewhosetochoose.●MaryandJohnarenotcertainwhethertogetmarriedornot.適用于“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式動(dòng)詞”的動(dòng)詞包括：“know,see,decide,tell,ask,consider,discover,explain,forget,guess,hear,imagine,inquire,learn,remember,think,wonder,understand”等。有點(diǎn)值得特別注意的是：當(dāng)這構(gòu)造當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的作用等于名詞分句，例如：●Icouldnotdecidewhichdictonarytobuy./IcouldnotdecidewhichdictionaryIshouldbuy.●Jackdidnotknowwheretofindsuchagoodteacher./Jackdidnotknowwherehecouldfindsuchagoodteacher.有些動(dòng)詞，如“ask,show