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WEARinHSM

CLASSIFICATIONofWEARABRASIVEWEARADHESIVEWEARFATIGUEWEARCHEMICALWEARICR&DDEPTLOSSofTOOLMATERIALduringDEFORMATIONSKETCHSofMECHANISMSWEARinHSM

ABRASIVEWEARICR&DDEPTREMOVALofMATERIALbyHARDASPERITY(2-bodywear)byPARTILESLOCATEDbetween2SURFACES(3-bodywear)MECHANISMAFFECTSbyROLLHARDNESSOXIDESCALECarbon(%)1

23WEARinHSM

ADHESIVEWEARICR&DDEPTJUNCTIONS(MICROWELDING)GENERATEDbyPLASTICDEFORMATIONofASPERITY

SEPARATIONorBREAKINGMAYLEADLOSSofMATERIAL

MECHANISMAFFECTSbyCONTACTCOMPATIBILITYofSURFACESWEARinHSM

FATIGUEWEARICR&DDEPTCYCLICALLOADINGMECHANICALmicrocracksdelamination(flatsheet-likeparticledetachment)THERMALcracksfirecrackpatternPITTING,SPALLING…WEARinHSM

CHEMICALWEARICR&DDEPTLOSSofMATERIALduetoTRIBOCHEMICALREACTIONSROLLSTRIPLUBRIFICANTENVIRONMENTWEARinHSM

ROLLWEARICR&DDEPTCOMPLEXPHENOMENONSEVERALMECHANISMACTINGattheSAMETIME…CORROSIONTHERMALFATIGUEABRASIONMECHANICALFATIGUEWEARinHSM

ROLLWEARICR&DDEPTROLLINGPARAMETERSWEARinHSM

FACTORSINFLUENCINGROLLWEARICR&DDEPTFRICTIONHOT-ROLLEDSTEELLOADS&STRESSESROLLMATERIALCOOLING&LUBRICATIONWEARinHSM

HOT-ROLLEDSTEELICR&DDEPTCHEMISTRY&MECHANICALPROPERTIESHAVEaSTRONGEFFECTonWEARDEFORMATIONRESISTANCEWEARTEMPERATURECONTROLSGROWTH&TYPEofOXIDESCALEWEARinHSM

HOT-ROLLEDSTEELTERTIARYSCALEinFINISHINGGROUPICR&DDEPTCONTROLLINGSTRIPTEMEPERATUREbelow950°CIMPROVESROLLPERFORMANCEFeOACTSASALUBRIFICANTTHERMALFATIGUEOXIDEFILMSTABILITYonROLLSURFACEWEARinHSM

ICR&DDEPTbutanothertheoryexistsalsoLOOKEDinLABORATORYTESTSWEARSHOWSaMAXIMUMat900-950°CAbove950°CSCALESHEARSINTERNALLY:WEAR&FRICTIONDECREASEBelow950°CWEARINCREASEwithTEMPERATURE:ROLLSOFTENING&HARDERSCALEHOT-ROLLEDSTEELTERTIARYSCALEinFINISHINGGROUPWEARinHSM

LOADS&STRESSESICR&DDEPTWEARRATEisDIRECTLYPROPORTIONALtoNORMALPRESSUREonROLLSURFACEROLLINGPRESSURERANGE100-300MPaCYCLICSTRESSES(alsoTHERMAL)

±500MPaIRREGULARPRESSUREDISTRIBUTIONNONUNIFORMWEARWEARinHSM

FRICTIONICR&DDEPTNEEDFULtoROLLING

ESTABILISHtheROLLINGPOWERCONSUMPTIONIMPORTANTforSTRIPSURFACEQUALITY

REDUCTIONTEMPERATUREROLLINGSPEEDmROUGHNESSWEARinHSM

FRICTION&REDUCTIONICR&DDEPTTHEREISaSLIGHTDIRECTCONNECTIONSURFACECONDITIONINFLUENCETHISRELATIONSHIPFRICTION&ROLLINGSPEEDGENERALLYmDECREASESwithanINCREASEinROLLINGSPEEDbutROLLINGSPEEDAFFECTSSTRAINHARDENINGofSTEELALSOWEARinHSM

FRICTION&TEMPERATUREICR&DDEPTTHEREARERESULTSinDISAGREEMENTT[°C]aT[°C]bf[T]a-Speed=3m/s

b-Speed=0.5m/sOXIDESCALEPLAYSAROLEVERYIMPORTANTWEARinHSM

FRICTION&ROUGHNESSICR&DDEPT

mINCREASEwithROLLROUGHNESSFRICTIONISCORRELATEDtoDEFORMATIONWORKGENERATEDinASPERITYSMOOTHINGWEARinHSM

FRICTION&ROLLMATERIALSICR&DDEPTCARBIDESAMOUNTCARBIDESTYPEHARDNESSmCARBIDESSHAPEWEARinHSM

FRICTION&ROLLMATERIALSICR&DDEPT

mDECREASESastheTOTALCARBIDEFRACTIONINCREASESMCCARBIDESMAYLEADHIGHERFRICTIONCOEFFICIENT(SPIKEEFFECT)WEARinHSM

FRICTION&ROLLMATERIALSICR&DDEPTHSS–HCrIoftheseMATERIALSDIFFERGenarallyHSSshowsafrictionupto30%higherbut…WEARinHSM

FRICTION&ROLLMATERIALSICR&DDEPT…thewaytoreducemofHSSexists50mmLowamountofMCCarbides10-11%ofCarbidesmainlyM2CMICROSTRUCTUREofLOWFRICTIONHSSWEARinHSM

FRICTION&ROLLMATERIALSICR&DDEPTLABORATORYRESULTS0.40-0.46WEARinHSM

COOLING&LUBRICATIONICR&DDEPTCOOLINGCONNECTEDwithTHERMALFATIGUEDAMAGESLUBRICATIONCONNECTEDwithaLOWERINGinFRICTIONForbothsystemsEFFICIENCY&WORKINGREGULARITYGIVEaLONGERROLLLIFEWEARinHSM

ROLLMATERIALSICR&DDEPTGOODWEARRESISTANCEHIGHHARDNESS(CARBIDES&MATRIX)L

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