直接引語和間接引語1課件

DirectspeechandIndirectspeechAnnesaid:“MynameisAnneFrankandmyfamilyisJewish.”(Directspeech)ShesaidthatsheandherfamilywerehidinginAmsterdam.(Indirectspeech)引述別人的話語一般采用兩種方式:一是原封不動地引用原話,把它放在引號內(nèi),這叫直接引語(Directspeech);一是用自己的話加以轉(zhuǎn)述,這叫間接引語(Indirectspeech)。

陳述句直接引語轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語時,從句由that引導(dǎo),可省略;主句動詞為一般將來時或現(xiàn)在時,從句動詞時態(tài)不變。1.Sheoftensays,“Allmenandwomenare equalunderthelaw.”Sheoftensays

(that)allmenandwomen areequalunderthelaw.2.“I

likereadingstories,”saidJohn.Johnsaidthat

heliked

readingstories.3.“I

don’tlikecars,”Sarahsaidtohim.

Sarahtoldhimthatshedidn’tlikecars.

直接引語轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語時，人稱要 進(jìn)行相應(yīng)變化；若主句動詞為一般過 去時時，從句動詞時態(tài)應(yīng)為過去時的 相應(yīng)時態(tài)。時態(tài)變化

直接引語變間接引語時，間接引語的時態(tài)要與主句的時態(tài)一致。Hesays,“Itreatyouasmyson.”Hesaysthat

hetreatsmeashisson.1.主句為一般現(xiàn)在時,現(xiàn)在完成時或一般將來時的時候,間接引語時態(tài)不變。直接引語(變化前)間接引語(變化后)一般現(xiàn)在時“Iknowit,”hesaid.一般過去時Hesaidheknewit.2.當(dāng)主句為過去時,從句要跟著相應(yīng)的變化。

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時“I’mmakingcoffeeforyouall,”shesaid.過去進(jìn)行時Shesaidshewasmakingcoffeeforusall.直接引語(變化前)間接引語(變化后)現(xiàn)在完成時“Ihaveseenherbefore,”saidhe.過去完成時Hesaidhehadseenherbefore.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時Hesaid,“Ihavebeen

doingitforhours.”過去完成進(jìn)行時Hesaidhehadbeen

doingitforhours.直接引語(變化前)間接引語(變化后)一般過去時“Isawhertwodaysago”hesaid.過去完成時Hesaidhehadseenhertwo

daysbefore.

過去進(jìn)行時“IwaswaitingforJim,”shesaid.過去完成進(jìn)行時ShesaidshehadbeenwaitingforJim.直接引語(變化前)間接引語(變化后)一般將來時Hesaid:“Wewillstarttomorrow.”過去將來時Hesaidtheywouldstartthenextday.過去完成時“Rickhadbeenillformanydaystillhedied.”Jacksaid.過去完成時JacksaidRickhadbeenillformanydaystillhedied.

一般現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時一般將來時一般過去時一般過去時過去完成時過去進(jìn)行時過去將來時過去完成時過去完成時過去進(jìn)行時不變1.“Itisreallycold,”shesaidtome.Shetoldmethatit____reallycold.was2.“Idon’twanttogotherewithAlice,”saidTom.Tomsaidthathe______wanttogotherewithAlice.didn’t3.Theboysaid,“Iwill

beapilot.”Theboysaidthathe________apilot.”wouldbe4.Tomsaid,“Wearelisteningtomusic.”Tomsaidthatthey______________music.

werelisteningto5.Mikesaid,“Ihavefinishedmyhomework.”Mikesaid______________hishomework.hehadfinished但要注意在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)一般不變化。(1)直接引語是客觀真理?！癟heearthmovesaroundthesun

andthemoonmovesaroundtheearth”,theteachertoldme.→Theteachertoldme(that)theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.(2)直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時,時態(tài)不變。XiaoWangsaid,“IwasbornonApril2l,1989.”→XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril20,1989.(3)直接引語中被引述的部分是反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的,習(xí)慣性的動作或說話時情況仍然存在的,變間接引語時,時態(tài)保持不變。Theboysaidtous,“Iusuallyget

upatsixeveryday.”→Theboytoldusheusuallygetsupatsixeveryday.(4)若直接引語中含有when,since,while等引導(dǎo)的表示過去的時間狀語從句,變間接引語時,從句時態(tài)不變。如：

Shesaid,“I

wenttherewhenIwassixyearsold.”→Shesaidshehadgonetherewhenshewassixyearsold.(5)若直接引語的謂語中含有would,should,might,must,usedto,oughtto,hadbetter等動詞時。如：

Shesaid,“Weshouldhelpeachother.”→Shesaidweshouldhelpeachother.Heasked,“Whendoyouharvestthewheat?”Heaskedwhenyouharvestthewheat.weharvestedTheyaskedwhenweharvestedthewheat.Theyasked,“Isiteasytosolvetheproblem?”Theyaskedif

itwaseasytosolvetheproblem.結(jié)束語當(dāng)你盡了自己的最大努力時，失敗也是偉大的，所以不要放