歷年考研英語一真題

SectionIUseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)WehavemoregenesincommonwithpeoplewepicktobeourfriendsthanwithThoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareas"related"ascousins,sharingabout1%ofgenes.Thatis1astudypublishedfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaandYaleUniversityintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,has2.Thestudyisagenome-wide ysisconducted31932uniquesubjectswhich4pairsofunrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers.Thesamepeoplewereusedinboth5.While1%mayseem6,itisnotsotoageneticist.Asco-authorofthestudyJamesFowler,professorofmedicalgeneticsatUCSanDiegosays,"Mostpeopledonoteven7theircousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthepeoplewho8ourkin."Theteam9developeda"friendshipscore"whichcanpredictwhowillbeyourfriendbasedontheirgenes.Thestudyalsofoundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedinfriendsbutnotgenesforimmunity.Whythissimilarityinolfactorygenesisdifficulttoexin,fornow.10,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsus11similarenvironmentsbutthereismoretoit.Therecouldbemanymechanismsworkingintandemthat12usinchoosinggeneticallysimilarfriends13"functionalkinship"ofbeingfriendswith14!Oneoftheremarkablefindingsofthestudywasthatthesimilargenesseemtobeevolving15thanothergenes.Studyingthiscouldhelp16whyhumanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeingamajor17factor.Thefindingsdonotsimplycorroboratepeople's18tobefriendthoseofsimilaret19backgrounds,saytheresearchers.ThoughallthesubjectsweredrawnfromapopulationofEuropeanextraction,carewastakento20thatallsubjects,friendsandstrangersweretakenfromthesamepopulation.Theteamalsocontrolledthedatatocheckancestryofsubjects.[A][B][C][D]2.[A][B][C][D]3.[A] [B] [C] [D]4.[A]compared [B]sought [C]separated [D]connected5.[A]tests [B]objects [C]samples [D]examples6.[A]insignificant [B]unexpected [C]unreliable [D]incredible7.[A]visit [B]miss [C]seek [D]know8.[A] [B]influence [C]favor [D]surpass9.[A]again [B]also [C]instead [D]thus10.[A] [B]Furthermore [C]Likewise [D]Perhaps11.[A]about [B]to [C]from [D]like12.[A] [B] [C] [D]13.[A]accordingto [B]ratherthan [C]regardlessof 14.[A]chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits15.[A]later [B]slower [C]faster [D]earlier16.[A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]express17.[A]unpredictable [B]contributory [C]controllable [D]disruptive18.[A]endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D]tendency19.[A]political [B]religious [C]ethnic 20.[A]see [B]show [C]prove [D]lSectionⅡReadingPartAReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsisted“kingsdon’tabdicate,theydieintheirsleep.”ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshavedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.So,doestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?DoesthatmeanthewritingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyles?TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchy.Whenpublicopinionisparticularlypolarised,asitwasfollowingtheendoftheFrancoregime,monarchscanriseabove“mere”politicsand“embody”aspiritofnationalItisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexinsmonarchs’continuingpopularityasheadsofstate.Andso,theMiddleEastexcepted,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10kingdoms(notcountingVaticanCityandAndorra).ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure.Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside.Symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory—andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday——embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.AtatimewhenThomasPikettyandothereconomistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.Princesandprincesseshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses(orhelicopters).Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.WhileEurope’smonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtosurviveforsometimetocome,itistheBritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanishexample.ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspthemonarchy’sreputationwithherratherordinarywell-heeled)grannystyle.ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice——asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskings,notrepublicans,whoarethemonarchy’sworstenemies.AccordingtothefirsttwoParagraphs,KingJuanCarlosof usedtoenjoyhighpublicwasunpopularamongEuropeaneasedhisrelationshipwithhisendedhisreigninMonarchsarekeptasheadsofstateinEurope owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectabletoachieveabalancebetweentraditionandtogivevotersmorepublicfigurestolookupduetotheireverlastingpoliticalWhichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraphTheroleofthenobilityinmodernThesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticThenobility’sadherencetotheirTheBritishroyals“havemosttofear”because takesaroughlineonpoliticalfailstochangehislifestyleastakesrepublicansashispotentialfailstoadapthimselftohisfutureWhichofthefollowingisthebesttitleoftheCarlos,GloryandDisgraceCharles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheCarlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanCharles,SlowtoReacttotheComingJusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhethercansearchthecontentsofaphonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundduringanCaliforniahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweeruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionthatmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsatthetimeoftheirarrest.Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychanging.ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia’sadvice.Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticescanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinesto,lawyersanddefendants.TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia’slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone—avaststorehouseofdigitalinformation—issimilarto,say,goingthrougha’spurse.Thecourthasruledthatdon’tviolatethe Amendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletorpocketbookofanarresteewithoutawarrant.Butexploringone’ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee’sreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.Thedevelopmentof“cloudcomputing,”meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier.Americansshouldtakestepstoprotecttheirdigitalprivacy.Butkeesensitiveinformationonthesedevicesisincreasinglyarequirementofnormallife.Citizensstillhavearighttoexpectprivate storemainprivateandprotectedbytheConstitution’sprohibitiononunreasonablesearches.Assooftenisthecase,statingthatprincipledoesn’teasethechallengeofline-drawing.Inmanycases,itwouldnotbeoverlyburdensomefortoobtainawarranttosearchthroughphonecontents.Theycouldstillinvalidate Amendmentprotectionswhenfacingsevere,urgentcircumstances,andtheycouldtakereasonablemeasurestoensurethatphonedataarenoterasedoralteredwhilewaitingforawarrant.Thecourt,though,maywanttoallowroomfortocitesituationswheretheyareentitledtomore ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia’sargumentwhole.New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections.OrinKerr,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautouseasavirtualnecessityoflifeinthe20th:Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenew thepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowthe Amendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.TheSupremeCourtwillworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimate preventsfromdeletingtheirphonesearchfors’phoneswithoutachecks’phonecontentswithoutbeingprohibitsfromusingtheirTheauthor’sattitudetowardCalifornia’sargumentisone Theauthorbelievesthatexploringone’sphonecontentsiscomparable gettingintoone’shandlingone’shistoricalscanningone’sgoingthroughone’sInParagraph5and6,theauthorshowshisconcern principlesarehardtobeclearlythecourtisgivinglessroomforcitizens’privacyisnoteffectivelyphonesareusedtostoresensitiveOrinKerr’scomparisonisquotedtoindicate theConstitutionshouldbeimplementednewtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheCalifornia’sargumentviolatesprinciplesoftheprinciplesoftheConstitutionshouldneverbeThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-revieweditor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thefollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindata ysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings.“Readersmusthaveconfidenceintheconclusionspublishedinourjournal,”writesMcNuttinaneditorial.WorkingwiththeAmericanStatisticalAssociation,thejournalhasappointedsevenexpertstoastatisticboardofreviewingeditors(SBoRE).Manuscriptwillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythejournal’sinternaleditors,orbyitsexistingBoardofReviewingEditorsorbyoutsidepeerreviewers.TheSBoREpanelwillthenfindexternalstatisticianstoreviewthesemanuscripts.Askedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelledthechange,McNuttsaid:“Thecreationofthe‘statisticsboard’wasmotivatedbyconcernsbroadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddataysisinscientificresearchandispartofScience’soveralldrivetoincreasereproducibilityintheresearchwepublish.”GiovanniParmigiani,abiostatisticianattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,amemberoftheSBoREgroup,saysheexpectstheboardto“yprimarilyanadvisoryrole.”Heagreedtojoinbecausehe“foundtheforesightbehindtheestablishmentoftheSBoREtobenovel,uniqueandlikelytohavealastingimpact.ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingcesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience.”JohnIoannidis,aphysicianwhostudiesresearchmethodology,saysthattheis“amost stepforward”and“l(fā)ongoverdue.”“Mostjournalsareweakinstatisticalreview,andthisdamagesthequalityofwhattheypublish.Ithinkthat,forthemajorityofscientificpapersnowadays,statisticalreviewismoreessentialthanexpertreview,”hesays.ButhenotedthatbiomedicaljournalssuchasAnnalsofInternalMedicine,theJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationandTheLancetpaystrongattentiontostatisticalProfessionalscientistsareexpectedtoknowhowtoyzedata,butstatisticalerrorsarealarminglycommoninpublishedresearch,accordingtoDavidVaux,acellbiologist.Researchersshouldimprovetheirstandards,hewrotein2012,butjournalsshouldalsotakeatougherline,“engagingreviewerswhoarestatisticallyli teandeditorswhocanverifytheprocess.”VauxsaysthatScience’sideatopasssomepaperstostatisticians“hassomemerit,butaweaknessisthatitreliesontheboardofreviewingeditorstoidentify‘thepapersthatneedscrutiny’inthefirstce”.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1 Scienceintendstosimplifyitspeer-reviewjournalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalfewjournalsareblamedformistakesindatalackof ysisiscommoninresearchThephrase“flaggedup”(Para.2)istheclosestinmeaning GiovanniParmigianibelievesthattheestablishmentoftheSBoRE poseathreattoallitsmeetwithstrongincreaseScience’ssetanexampleforotherDavidVauxholdsthatwhatScienceisng addstoresearchers’diminishestheroleofhasroomforfurtheristofailintheforeseeableWhichofthefollowingisthebesttitleoftheScienceJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsinProfessionalStatisticiansDeserveMoreDataysisFindsItsWayontoEditors’StatisticiansAreComingBackwithTwoyearsago,RupertMurdoch’sdaughter,Elisabeth,spokeofthe“unsettlingdearthofintegrityacrosssomanyofourinstitutions.”Integrityhadcollapsed,sheargued,becauseofacollectiveacceptancethattheonly“sortingmechanism”insocietyshouldbeprofitandthemarket.But“it’sus,humanbeings,wethepeoplewhocreatethesocietywewant,notprofit.”Drivingherpointhome,she:“It’sincreasinglyapparentthattheabsenceofpurpose,ofamorallanguagewithinernment,mediaorbusinesscould eoneofthemostdangerousgoalsforcapitalismanddom.”ThissameabsenceofmoralpurposewaswoundingcompaniessuchasNewsInternational,shethought,makingitmorelikelythatitwouldloseitswayasithadwithwidespreadillegalephonehacking.Asthehackingtrialconcludes——findingguiltyoneex-editoroftheNewsoftheWorld,AndyCoulson,forconspiringtohackphones,andfindinghispredecessor,RebekahBrooks,innocentofthesamecharge—thewiderissueofdearthofintegritystillstands,Journalistsareknowntohavehackedthephonesofupto5,500people.Thisishackingonanindustrialscale,aswasacknowledgedbyGlennMulcaire,themanhiredbytheNewsoftheWorldin2001tobethepoint forphonehacking.Othersawaittrial.Thislongstorystillunfolds.Inmanyrespects,thedearthofmoralpurposeframesnotonlythefactofsuchwidespreadphonehackingbutthetermsonwhichthetrialtookce.OneoftheastonishingrevelationswashowlittleRebekahBrooksknewofwhatwentoninhernewsroom,howlittleshethoughttoaskandthefactthatsheneverinquiredhowthestoriesarrived.Thecoreofhersuccessfuldefencewasthatsheknewnothing.Intoday’sworld,ithas enormalthatwell-paidexecutivesshouldnotbeaccountableforwhathappensintheorganizationsthattheyrun.Perhapsweshouldnotbesosurprised.Forageneration,thecollectivedoctrinehasbeenthatthesortingmechanismofsocietyshouldbeprofit.Thewordsthathavematteredareefficiency,flexibility,shareholdervalue,business–friendly,wealthgeneration,sales,impactand,innewspapers,circulation.Wordsdegradedtothemarginhavebeenjustice,fairness,tolerance,proportionalityandaccountability.ThepurposeofeditingtheNewsoftheWorldwasnottopromotereaderunderstanding,tobefairinwhatwaswrittenortobetrayanycommonhumanity.Itwastoruinlivesinthequestforcirculationandimpact.MsBrooksmayormaynothavehadsuspicionsabouthowherjournalistsgottheirstories,butsheaskednoquestions,gavenoinstructions—norreceivedtraceable,recordedanswers.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,Elisabethwasupset theconsequencesofthecurrentsortingcompanies’financiallossduetoimmoralthewidemisuseofintegrityamongItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3 GlemMulcairemaydenyphonehackingasamorejournalistsmaybefoundguiltyofphoneAndyCoulsonshouldbeheldinnocentofthephonehackingwillbeacceptedoncertainTheauthorbelievestheRebekahBooks’s revealeda centeredontrivialwashardlywaspartofaTheauthorholdsthatthecurrentcollectivedoctrine unfairwealthamarginalizedarigidmoralWhichofthefollowingissuggestedinthelastThequalityofwritingisofprimaryCommonhumanityiscentraltonewsMoralawarenessmattersineditingaJournalistsneedstricterindustrialPartInthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthefistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)Howdoesyourreadingproceed?Clearlyyoutrytocomprehend,inthesenseofidentifyingmeaningsforindividualwordsandworkingoutrelationshipsbetweenthem,drawingonyourimplicitknowledgeofEnglish r.(41) .Youbegintoinferacontextforthetext,forinstance,bymakingdecisionsaboutwhatkindofspeecheventisinvolved.Whoismakingtheut nce,towhom,whenandwhere？Thewaysofreadingindicatedherearewithoutdoubtkindsofcomprehension.Buttheyshowcomprehensiontoconsistnotjustofpassiveassimilationbutofactiveengagementininferenceandproblem-solving.Youinferinformationyoufeelthewriterhasinvitedyoutograspbypresentingyouwithspecificevidenceandclues.(42)Conceivedinthisway,comprehensionwillnotfollowexactlythesametrackforeachreader.Whatisinquestionisnottheretrievalofanabsolute,fixedor“true”meaningthatcanbereadoffandcheckedforaccuracy,orsometimelessrelationofthetexttotheworld.(43)Suchbackgroundmaterialinevitablyreflectswhoweare.(44) .Thisdoesn’t,however,makeinterpretationmerelyrelativeorevenpointless.Preciselybecausereadersfromdifferenthistoricalperiods,cesandsocialexperiencesproducedifferentbutoverlapreadingsofthesamewordsontheincludingfortextsthatengagewithfundamentalhumanconcernsdebatesabouttextscanyanimportantroleinsocialdiscussionofbeliefsandvalues.Howwereadagiventextalsodependstosomeextentonourparticularinterestinreadingit.(45) .Suchdimensionsofreadingsuggestasothersintroducedlaterinthebookwillalsodothatwebringanimplicit(oftenunacknowledged)agendatoanyactofreading.Itdoesn’tthennecessarilyfollowthatonekindofreadingisfuller,moreadvancedormoreworthwhilethananother.Ideally,differentkindsofreadinginformeachother,andactasusefulreferencepointsforandcounterbalancestooneanother.Together,theymakeupthereadingcomponentofyouroverallli cy,orrelationshiptoyoursurroundingtextualenvironment.Arewestudyingthattextandtryingtorespondinawaythatfulfilstherequirementofagivencourse?Readingitsimplyforpleasure?Skimmingitforinformation?Waysofreadingonatrainorinbedarelikelytodifferconsiderablyfromreadinginaseminarroom.Factorssuchastheceandperiodinwhichwearereading,ourgender,ethnicity,ageandsocialclasswillencourageustowardscertaininterpretationsbutatthesametimeobscureorevencloseoffothers.Ifyouareunfamiliarwithwordsoridioms,youguessattheirmeaning,usingcluespresentedinthecontext.Ontheassumptionthattheywill erelevantlater,youmakeamentalnoteofdiscourseentitiesaswellaspossiblelinksbetweenthem.Ineffect,youtrytoreconstructthelikelymeaningsoreffectsthatanygivensentence,imageorreferencemighthavehad:Thesemightbetheonestheauthorintended.Youmakefurtherinferences,forinstance,abouthowthetextmaybesignificanttoyou,oraboutitsvalidity—inferencesthatformthebasisofa alresponseforwhichtheauthorwillinevitablybefarlessInys，novelsandnarrativepoems,charactersspeakasconstructscreatedbytheauthor,notnecessarilyasmouthpiecesfortheauthor’sownthoughts.Rather,weascribemeaningstotextsonthebasisofinctionbetweenwhatwemightcalltextualcontextualmaterial:betweenkindsoforganizationorpatterningweperceiveinatext’sformalstructures(soespeciallyitslanguagestructures)andvariouskindsofbackground,socialknowledge,beliefandattitudethatwebringtothetext.PartCshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Withinthespanofahundredyears,intheseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturies,atideofemigration—oneofthegreatfolkwanderingsofhistory—sweptfromEuropetoAmerica.(46)Thismovement,drivenbypowerfulanddiversemotivations,builtanationoutofawildernessand,byitsnature,shapedthecharacteranddestinyofanunchartedcontinent.(47)TheUnitedStatesistheproductoftwoprincipals—theimmigrationofEuropeanpeopleswiththeirvariedideas,customs,andnationalcharacteristicsandtheimpactofanewcountrywhichmodifiedthesetraits.Ofnecessity,colonialAmericawasaprojectionofEurope.AcrosstheAtlanticcamesuccessivegroupsofEnglishmen,Frenen,Germans,Scots,Irishmen,Dut en,Swedes,andmanyotherswhoattemptedtotransnttheirhabitsandtraditionstothenewworld.(48)But,the ofgeographicconditionspeculiartoAmerica,theinteryofthevariednationalgroupsupononeanother,andthesheerdifficultyofmaintainingold-worldwaysinaraw,newcontinentcausedsignificantchanges.Thesechangesweregradualandatfirstscarcelyvisible.Buttheresultwasanewsocialpatternwhich,althoughitresembledEuropeansocietyinmanyways,hadacharacterthatwasdistinctlyAmerican.(49)ThefirstshiploadsofimmigrantsboundfortheterritorywhichisnowtheUnitedStatescrossedtheAtlanticmorethanahundredyearsafterthe15th-and-16th-centuryexplorationsofNorthAmerica.Inthe ,thrivingSpanishcolonieshadbeenestablishedinMexico,theWestIndies,andSouthAmerica.ThesetravelerstoNorthAmericacameinsmall,unmercifullyovercrowdedcraft.Duringtheirsix-totwelve-weekvoyage,theysurvivedonbarelyenoughfoodallottedtothem.Manyoftheshipswerelostinstorms,manypassengersdiedofdisease,andinfantsrarelysurvivedthejourney.Sometimesstormsblewthevesselsfarofftheircourse,andoftencalmbroughtunbearablylongTotheanxioustravelersthesightoftheAmericanshorebroughtalmostinexpressiblerelief.Saidonerecorderofevents,“Theairattwelveleagues’distancesmeltassweetasanew-blowngarden.”Thecolonists’firstglimpseofthenewlandwasasightofdensewoods.50)Thevirginwithitsrichnessandvarietyoftreeswasarealtreasure-housewhichextendedfromMaineallthewaydowntoGeorgia.Herewasabundantfuelandlumber.Herewastherawmaterialofhousesandfurniture,shipsandpotash,dyesandnavalstores.PartAYouaregoingtohostaclubreadingsession.Writean ofabout100words mendingabooktotheclubmembers.Youshouldstatereasonsforyour YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERDonotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.UseLiMingDonotwritetheaddress.(10PartWriteanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressayyoudescribethedrawingexinitsintendedmeaning,giveyourYoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20SectionIUseof2014715InternationalBusinessTimes上一篇題為“DNAofFriendship:StudyFindsWeareGeneticallyLinkedtoOurFriends”（DNA友誼：研究發(fā)現(xiàn)我們?cè)谏虾臀覀兊呐笥延兄Ыz萬縷what【解析】從此題所在句子的前后內(nèi)容可以判斷出，thatis 中的that是指第一句話的內(nèi)容（朋友與我們上的相關(guān)性），很顯然是研究得出的結(jié)論。因此，答案為concluded。withby1932uniquesubjects。Conductysison…是固定表達(dá)?！窘馕觥吭摽崭袼诘木渥邮莣hich引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾study，意思是：對(duì)幾對(duì)不相關(guān)的朋友和陌生人進(jìn)行。因?yàn)椤把芯俊钡膬?nèi)容是關(guān)于朋友間上的相關(guān)性問題，所以完整的意思應(yīng)該是：對(duì)幾對(duì)不相關(guān)的朋友和陌生人進(jìn)行比較。所以最佳答案為compared。其余選項(xiàng)不符合句意。格所在句子的內(nèi)容是：相同的人們都用于實(shí)驗(yàn)中的這兩類。所以根據(jù)上下文語境和內(nèi)容，應(yīng)該選與實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象相對(duì)應(yīng)的samples（樣例）samplesA測(cè)試，B物體，D事例均選填的形容詞?？账诘恼Z境為：盡管這1%看起來似乎，但是遺傳學(xué)家可不這么認(rèn)為?？涨昂笮蔚?，而從判斷，1%所占的比例也是非常小的，綜合分析，故答案為A。e（他們隔三代的表親）兩者之間的關(guān)系?？账诘恼Z境為：大多數(shù)人甚至不他們隔三代的表親，但卻設(shè)法選擇那些我們親戚的人作為朋友。根據(jù)上下文語義以及文章主旨的導(dǎo)向，不難判斷D選項(xiàng)最符合文意，“很多人甚至不認(rèn)識(shí)自己隔三代的表親”，故答案選擇D。surpass 持他們的親戚”，D選項(xiàng)“超過他們的親戚”均無上下文依據(jù)，根據(jù)全文中心導(dǎo)向：上的相似性，不難判斷，A選項(xiàng)“像他們親戚”符合上下文語義，故答案為A。also一個(gè)研究，前文研究發(fā)現(xiàn)朋友與我們有1%的關(guān)系，而空所在句“thegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedinfriends（朋友間在嗅覺方面有相關(guān)性）”在進(jìn)一步詳細(xì)討論該話題，前后之間是順接關(guān)系，A選項(xiàng)強(qiáng)調(diào)同樣的東西再一次提及，C選項(xiàng)表示對(duì)比轉(zhuǎn)折，D選項(xiàng)表示因果關(guān)系，只有B選項(xiàng)also表示順接遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，故答案為B。詞，空前的句子談到“為什么在嗅覺方面存在相似性還很難解釋”，空后卻緊接著對(duì)此得出一個(gè)相關(guān)結(jié)論，很明顯是的，所以此結(jié)論只能是一種不確定的推測(cè)，故答案為D。此答案為to。【解析】該句意思為：很多機(jī)制共同作用，從而我們選擇相似的朋友，和交朋友的“功能關(guān)系”。根據(jù)上下文可知，此處所填入動(dòng)詞需符合結(jié)構(gòu)sb.inngsth.，Bobserve（觀則為反向干擾。因此答案為drive。accordingtoratherthanregardlessof【解析】所填詞為邏輯關(guān)系短語，空前說選擇相似的朋友，空后說具有“實(shí)用關(guān)系”的朋友，可知前后為對(duì)立關(guān)系，并且根據(jù)文章，可知肯定前者而否定后者，可鎖定B選項(xiàng)ratherthan。A選項(xiàng)干擾性較強(qiáng)，但文章更強(qiáng)調(diào)取前舍后，因此排除；Dalongwith（伴隨）表順接，故排除。故答案為ratherthan?！窘馕鰂unctionalkinship（實(shí)用關(guān)系）Dbenefits（利益），前后形成呼應(yīng)。A thanothergenes（比其他進(jìn)化得）.根據(jù)同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，我們找到該段第二句話中：humanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years（人類進(jìn)化在過去30000提速）。C選項(xiàng)faster與下文pickedpace（加速）形成呼應(yīng)，故答案為faster。三萬得以加速的原因”，表示這一研究的結(jié)果和意義。能與這一賓語從句構(gòu)成搭配的只有C選項(xiàng)understand。A選項(xiàng)forecast“預(yù)測(cè)”與“過去三萬年”相，B選項(xiàng)remember“記住”和D選項(xiàng)“express”【解析】此空需要填入一個(gè)形容詞，表達(dá)社會(huì)環(huán)境對(duì)人類進(jìn)步所起到的作用。Help，pickpace這兩個(gè)D選項(xiàng)“破壞性的BC選項(xiàng)“可控的”,Bcontributory“促進(jìn)的”?！窘馕觥看颂庍M(jìn)一步陳述這一研究的結(jié)論。Aendeavor“努力”，B選項(xiàng)“決定”，C選項(xiàng)“安排”，D選擇朋友。因此正確答案為D。religious 背景的人交朋友。C選項(xiàng)ethnic意為“種族的，民族A選項(xiàng)political“政治的”，B選項(xiàng)“的”，D選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)的”均不符合原文文意。l【解析】此處動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞勢(shì)必要看前后搭配。Seethat構(gòu)成固定詞組，意為“務(wù)必使……”，符合文來自于同一群種。選項(xiàng)B“展示”,選項(xiàng)C“證明”，選項(xiàng)D“辨別”均無此含義，且不符合文意。相同。這就是得出的結(jié)論，該研究由加利福尼亞大學(xué)和耶魯大學(xué)在《國家院》上。研究對(duì)1932位獨(dú)特的實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象進(jìn)行了全組分析，對(duì)沒有血緣關(guān)系的朋友和沒有血緣關(guān)系的陌該研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)朋友之間在嗅覺方面有相關(guān)性，而不是免疫。為什么在嗅覺方面存在相似非這么簡(jiǎn)單?？赡苡泻芏鄼C(jī)制共同作用，從而促使我們選擇和自己相似的朋友，而不是選擇以利PartAText201464日《衛(wèi)報(bào)》上一篇題為“IstheWritingontheWallforAllEuropeanRoyals?”（所有歐洲皇室注定要失敗嗎？）的文章。主要討論了西班牙國王這一對(duì)歐洲諸多皇室的影響，尤其是對(duì)英國皇室的影響。文章第一二段通過西班牙國王引出君主政體的爭(zhēng)論；第三段解釋了君主作為國家元首倍受歡迎的原因；第四五段王室現(xiàn)在的處境；最后兩段總結(jié)說明andthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshave dhimtoeathiswordsand）。D選項(xiàng)中，“endreign”是“standdown”的同義置換，且“embarrassment”與導(dǎo)致Carlos卸任的原因“embarrassingscandals”是相呼應(yīng)的。故D是正確答案。havesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure.”（大多數(shù)歐洲王室得以幸存是由于他們使選民們免除了尋找一個(gè)沒有爭(zhēng)議且受人尊敬的公眾人物的）其中“non-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure”正是A選項(xiàng)中“undoubtedandrespectablestatus”的同義置換。故A是正確答案。是原文是“避免去尋找一個(gè)不受爭(zhēng)議且受尊敬的公眾人物的”，并未提到“檢查”，故C項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念。D項(xiàng)“由于他們永久的政治體現(xiàn)”中的“everlasting(永久的)”偷換了原文中的“transcendence（卓越aristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.”（富有的仍作為現(xiàn)代國家的象征，這一點(diǎn)顯得很怪異。）其中，“thesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates”是B項(xiàng)中“theroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies”的同義置換，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)“過度依賴?yán)^承的財(cái)產(chǎn)”，C項(xiàng)“家庭簡(jiǎn)單的生活方式”，D項(xiàng)“名人堅(jiān)持他們的”在原文等級(jí)觀念顯著；并且他沒有君王的幸存很大程度上取決于君王提供了公共服務(wù)，同時(shí)，并不知道，國王才是君主制度最大的敵人，而非人。”選項(xiàng)D意為“適應(yīng)未來失敗”，文章文章中雖提到生活方式，但并未提到改變生活方式；選項(xiàng)C意為“視人為潛在盟友”，文章中提到人并非最大的敵人，但并未指明人是Charles的盟友，屬于偷換概念，故錯(cuò)誤。主要討論當(dāng)下歐洲君王制度所存在的問題，并非討論的，即可排除選項(xiàng)B“—繼位焦慮”和D“—應(yīng)對(duì)緩慢”。而選項(xiàng)A“—榮辱并存”和C“—?dú)W洲君王們的前車之詞Monarch只有在選項(xiàng)C中出現(xiàn)，也可作為迅速解題的依據(jù)。Symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory—andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday—embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.語動(dòng)詞是embodiesas引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，as的意思是“雖然”。雙破折號(hào)中間的內(nèi)容為插入AtatimewhenThomasPikettyandothereconomistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.前面的time?！咀g文】就在和其他提醒大家要警惕這種不斷加劇的不和繼承力量不斷壯大的年代，富有的仍作為現(xiàn)代國家的象征，這一點(diǎn)顯得很怪異。CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskings,notrepublicans,whoarethemonarchy’sworstenemies.kings,notrepublicans是插入語，對(duì)kings進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。賓語從句中asEnglishhistoryshowsas引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，as理解為“正如……一樣”。abdicatevt.&vi.；放西班牙國王曾堅(jiān)稱：“國王不會(huì)，只會(huì)在睡夢(mèng)中離世。”但是令人尷尬的和在最近的歐洲中所受的歡迎度迫使他收回前言并宣布。由此說來，西班牙暗示著君主政體將要走到盡頭嗎？對(duì)所有歐洲而言，這是否意味著他們?nèi)A麗的和尊貴生活方式即將結(jié)束？西班牙的例子了支持和君主政體的爭(zhēng)論。正如佛朗哥終結(jié)時(shí)的那樣，當(dāng)公眾意見極度兩極分的公眾人物的。家提醒大家要警惕這種不斷加劇的不和繼承力量不斷壯大的年代，富有的仍作為現(xiàn)代國家的象征，這一點(diǎn)顯得很怪異。只有以她那相當(dāng)大眾化（但穿著考究）的祖母形象，還保留著君主制的聲譽(yù)。而險(xiǎn)他們提供著一項(xiàng)服務(wù)——擔(dān)當(dāng)無爭(zhēng)議和政治的國家元首。理應(yīng)知道，正如英國歷史昭示的Text本文選自2014年4月28日《》一篇題為“SupremeCourtShouldBeginLayingoutPrivacyProtectionsforSmartphones”的文章。文章