人教版八年級下冊Unit7 語法講解

Unit7What’sthehighestmountainintheworld?SectionAGrammarFocus2021/5/91GrammarFocusWhat'sthehighestmountainintheworld?Qomolangma.HowhighisQomolangma?It's8,844.43metershigh.It'shigherthananyothermountain.Whichisthedeepestsaltlakeintheworld?TheCaspianSeaisthedeepestofallthesaltlakes.DidyouknowthatChinaisoneoftheoldestcountriesintheworld?Yes,Idid.It'smucholderthantheUS.2021/5/924a.Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.1.TheAmazonRiverisoneofthe_________riversintheworld.It’salittle________thantheYangtzeRiver.2.Qomolangmais8,844.43meters_______.bigmuchpopularlongoldhighlongestlongerhigh2021/5/93It’soneofthemost __________placesforseriousmountainclimbers.3.Nooceanintheworldisas________asthePacificOcean.4.AlthoughJapanis__________thanCanada,itis _________smaller.popularbigoldermuch2021/5/94e.g.Tworivers：_________________and________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4b.Writetwocomparisonsabouttwotopics.Writetruefacts.

theYangtzeRivertheAmazonRiverTheYangtzeRiverisalmostaslongastheAmazonRiver.TheAmazonislongerthantheYangtze,buttheYangtzeisthelongestriverinChina. 2021/5/95Twocities：__________and__________1.______________________________________2.___________________________________________________________________________Twoanimals：__________and__________1.______________________________________2.___________________________________________________________________________Pairwork2021/5/96Twocities:_________

and___________1.__________________________________________.2._______________________________________________________________________________.ShanghaiSydneyShanghaiisasmodernasSydneyShanghaiismuchsmallerthanSydney.Sydneyisalmost2timesasbigasShanghai2021/5/97Twoanimals:_____________and_________1._______________________________.2.__________________________________________________________________________.afishAsharkisbiggerthanafish.Afishissmallerthanashark.Asharkeatsmorethanafish.ashark2021/5/984c.Writefivequestionsusingcomparisons.Thenaskyourpartneryourquestions.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Whatisthehighestbuildinginourcity?Whoistheoldestpeopleinourcity?Whatisthemostpopularstreetinourcity?Whatisthemostdeliciousfoodinourcity?Whereisthebusiestroadinourcity?2021/5/99GrammarFocus(一)數(shù)詞Numeral2021/5/910數(shù)詞是用來表示事物的數(shù)目和順序的詞。數(shù)詞的分類：1.基數(shù)詞2.序數(shù)詞3.分數(shù)詞今天我們先來學習一下基數(shù)詞。2021/5/9111.復習1—100以內(nèi)的所有數(shù)字。2.掌握百、千、萬、十萬、百萬的表達法。1、1-19的基數(shù)詞one1two2three3four4five5six6seven7eight8nine9ten102021/5/912

eleven11twelve12thirteen13fourteen14

fifteen15sixteen16seventeen17eighteen18nineteen192021/5/9132、20—90等十位數(shù)twenty20thirty30forty40fifty50sixty60seventy70eighty80ninety90twenty-one21twenty-two22………………其它的十位數(shù)照此類推，如：thirty-one31forty-two42seventy-five75ninety-six962021/5/9143、百、千、萬

百hundred

100onehundred200twohundred以此類推····千thousand1000onethousand2000twothousand·········英語里沒有“萬”這一單位，萬也用thousand表示。如：10000tenthousand一萬20000twentythousand兩萬·····2021/5/9154、十萬、百萬十萬的說法是：

100.000a(one)hundredthousand200.000twohundredthousandmillion百萬

a(one)million1,000,000twomillion2,000,000········以此類推······8,000,000eightmillion2021/5/916練一練345100118,657,421threehundredandforty-fiveonethousand(and)oneeighteenmillion,sixhundredandfifty-seventhousand,fourhundredandtwenty-one2021/5/917Theprojectlasted5yearsandcost2billion

dollars.2.TheChinesehavebeenmakingpaperfor

twothousandyears.3.Onethousandpoundsisalotofmoney.表示確定數(shù)量時用基數(shù)詞+hundred，thousand，million，billion2021/5/918多位基數(shù)詞讀法457890608389threehundredandeighty-ninefourhundredand

fifty-seveneighthundredand

ninetysixhundredand

eight1）101~999的三位數(shù)由“百位數(shù)＋and+兩位數(shù)組成”。

如：325—threehundredandtwenty-five

102onehundredandtwo635sixhundredandthirty-five2021/5/9192)三位數(shù)以上的數(shù)，從個位往前數(shù)，每三位數(shù)加一個逗號，從后往前數(shù)的第一個逗號代表thousand,第二個逗號代表million,第三個逗號是billion，注意這幾個詞不能用復數(shù)形式，后也不能加and。例如：

2,648twothousand,sixhundredandforty-eight16,250,064sixteenmillion,twohundredandfiftythousand,sixty-four2021/5/920確切數(shù)目與不確切數(shù)目的表達：hundred,thousand,million,billion等前面有基數(shù)詞，表示確切數(shù)目時，用單數(shù)，后直接接復數(shù)名詞；如：threehundredbooksonehundredpeoplefivethousandstudentssevenmillionstarts2021/5/921表示不確切數(shù)目時，這類詞后加-s且與of連用。如：

hundredsofpeoplethousandsofstudentsmillionsofbirdsbillionsoflions注意：這類短語中，名詞前如有定冠詞、指示代詞或形容詞性物主代詞時，可加of,但表示的是范圍。如：twohundredoftheworkers工人中的二百（人）2021/5/922GrammarFocus(二)形容詞的比較級和最高級comparativesandsuperlativeswithadj.andadv.2021/5/923short-shortersmall-smallernicenicersafesafer------bigthinheavyheavierhappyhappier找規(guī)律：bigbiggerthinthinner2021/5/924delicious–moredelicious

interesting–moreinterestingimportant—moreimportant

carefully---morecarefullyquickly---morequicklyslowly---moreslowlyeasily---moreeasily找規(guī)律：2021/5/925大多數(shù)形容詞和副詞有三個等級：原級、比較級、最高級。一、形容詞比較級的構(gòu)成

1.構(gòu)成的不規(guī)則變化:2.構(gòu)成的規(guī)則變化:形容詞和副詞的比較級2021/5/9261.構(gòu)成的不規(guī)則變化:e.g.good/well–better–best

bad/badly–worse–worst

many/much–more–most

little–less–least

far–farther/further–farthest/furthest2021/5/9272.構(gòu)成的規(guī)則變化:1)單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞一般在詞尾后加-er構(gòu)成比較級或-est構(gòu)成最高級.如：原級比較級最高級

cold–——colder–——coldestbright———brighter———brightestyoung——younger——youngest2021/5/9282)以字母

e結(jié)尾的詞只加–r或-st構(gòu)成

比較級和最高級。原級比較級最高級

nice———nicer–———nicestfine———finer————finestlarge——larger————largest2021/5/9293)重讀閉音節(jié)詞末尾只有一個輔音字母時,先雙寫這個輔音字母,再加-er或-est。如:big–bigger–biggestthin–thinner–thinnest4)以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，先改y為i,再加-er或-est。如：

easy–easier–easiesthappy–happier–happiest2021/5/9305)多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞在詞前加more或most。如：

delicious–moredelicious–mostdeliciousinteresting–moreinteresting–mostinterestingimportant—moreimportant—mostimportant2021/5/931carefully---morecarefully--mostcarefullyquickly---morequickly---mostquicklyslowly---moreslowly---mostslowlyeasily---moreeasily---mosteasily2021/5/932形容詞最高級的構(gòu)成A:tallshortquickthicklightcoolwarmquietwildcalmthe--esttalltallertallest2021/5/933B:

heavyeasytidydrybusyhappyhealthyhungryearlyy--i--est2021/5/934C:

largelatenice--st

biggestD:bighothottestthin“雙寫”thinnestwet

wettest

fatfattest2021/5/935Adjective

deliciousdangerousinterestingpopularbeautifulcarefulfriendly

themost--adj.2021/5/936Adjectivebetterbest

farlittleworseworstmoremostfartherfarthestlessleastgoodwellbadbadlymany

much2021/5/9371.good2.comfortable3.big4.happy5.cheap6.many7.difficult

8.little

better

best

morecomfortable

mostcomfortable

bigger

biggest

happier

happiest

cheaper

cheapest

more

most

moredifficult

mostdifficult

less

least2021/5/938用法：英語中三者或三者以上相比較，表示“最……”這樣的最高程度概念時，要用“the+最高級”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。這種句式一般帶有表示比較的介詞短語，比如:inourclass,ofthethree等。例如：WangLinisthetallestinourclass.Thistheateristhecheapestofthethree.注意使用最高級時應注意以下幾點：

形容詞的最高級2021/5/939

(1)表示“最……之一”的句式，要用

oneofthe+形容詞最高級+復數(shù)名詞。例如:JingjiangHotelisoneofthebiggesthotelsinourcity.Lisaisnotoneofmybestfriends.(2)當最高級前面有物主代詞或名詞所有格時，不加定冠詞the。例如：TomisLucy’sbestfriend.Tuesdayisherbusiestday.2021/5/940(3)最高級前可加序數(shù)詞。例如：TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.(4)形容最高級修飾作表語或介詞賓語的名詞，代詞時，被修飾的詞往往省略。例如：Heisthelaziest(student)inourclass.2021/5/9412.形容詞比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成規(guī)則變化一般情況下，單音節(jié)或雙音節(jié)的形容詞比較級直接加-er,最高級直接加-est。如：

clever—cleverer—cleverestcheap—cheaper—cheapestfew—fewer—fewestsmall—smaller—smallestyoung—younger—youngest

2021/5/942b.以-e結(jié)尾的形容詞，比較級+-r,最高級+-st。如：

large—larger—largestnice—nicer—nicestcute—cuter—cutestc.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的形容詞，變y為i+er或+est。

busy—busier—busiestheavy—heavier—heaviesteasy—easier—easiesthappy—happier—happiestdirty—dirtier—dirtiest2021/5/943d.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的詞，雙寫最后一個輔音字母，再加+er或+est。如：

big—bigger—biggestthin—thinner—thinnestfat—fatter—fattesthot—hotter—hotteste.多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞，需在原級前+more構(gòu)成比較級，+most構(gòu)成最高級。如：

important—moreimportant—mostimportantbeautiful—morebeautiful–mostbeautifuldifficult—moredifficult—mostdifficult2021/5/9443.不規(guī)則變化：原級比較級最高級good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstlittlelessleastmany/muchmoremostfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest2021/5/945最高級規(guī)則變化口訣：最高級，很容易，一般詞尾加est。(cheap-thecheapest)詞尾若有啞音e,直接就加st。(close-theclosest)重讀閉音節(jié),單輔音字母要雙寫。(big-thebiggest)輔音字母加y,記得把y變?yōu)閕。(friendly-thefriendliest)多音節(jié)，考考你，themost到底加哪里？(popular-themostpopular)2021/5/9461.WearegoingtotheGreenRestaurantforlunch.(就劃線部分提問)____________yougoingforlunch?2.Samistheshortestinhisclass.(改為同義句)Samis________than_________studentinhisclass.Samis_______than__________studentsinhisclass.Samis_______than______________inhisclass.3.HowdoyoulikeScreenCity?(改為同義句)_______doyou__________ScreenCity?WhereareshorteranyotherWhatthinkofshortertheotheranyoneelseshorter練習：改寫句子2021/5/947TheComparativeSuperlativeDegreesofAdjectives&Adverbs總結(jié)形容詞和副詞比較級和最高級2021/5/948latelater-latestearly

earlier–earliestbigbigger-biggestfluently/difficultmore～,most～重讀閉音節(jié)、末尾只有一個輔音字母雙寫加–er或–est單音節(jié)詞在詞尾比較級加-er或最高級加-est以e結(jié)尾的詞，只需加－r或－st以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾雙音節(jié)詞變y為i加–er或–est部分雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞在原級前加more或most少數(shù)以er,ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞加-er-esttalltaller-tallestclevercleverer-cleverestcheap,cold,small,warm,young,highfine,nice,safehappy,busy,dirty,easy,lazy,prettyfat,hot,red,thin,wet,

sadnarrow,yellowquickly,slowly,useful,careful,popular,modern,形容詞和副詞比較級和最高級構(gòu)成

(規(guī)則變化)2021/5/949

不規(guī)則變化good/well–better-bestmuch/many–more-mostbad/badly/ill–worse–worstlittle–less–leastfar–farther/further–farthest–furthest

old–older/elder–oldest/eldest2021/5/950形容詞和副詞比較級的用法1.Whoruns

faster,heorshe?2.Heruns

fasterthanshe.3.Heruns

muchfasterthanshe.4.Hebecomes

healthierandhealthier.5.Themore

youexercise,

thehealthier

youwillbe.6.Sheis

lesshealthythanhe.2021/5/9511.表示兩者之間的選擇,可用“Which/Who…+比較，…or…?”.2.表示兩者之間的比較，通常用連詞than引導，表示“更······一些”．3.much/far/alot,even,still,alittle/abit…修飾比較級,表示程度.Whoruns

faster,heorshe?Heruns

fasterthan

she.Heruns

muchfasterthan

she.2021/5/9524.“比較級+and+比較級”表示“越來越……”5.“the+比較級,the+比較級”表示“越…,越…”

6.表示不及另一方時，用“l(fā)ess+原級+than…”(雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞)Hebecomes

healthierandhealthier.Themore

youexercise,

thehealthier

youwillbe.Sheis

lesshealthythan

he.Heis

healthierthan

she.Shanghaiisbecoming

moreandmoremodern.2021/5/9531.比較級+and+比較級越來越…2.the+比較級,the+比較級越…,越…3._______________youare,_________mistakesyouwillmake.(你越仔細，做錯的題目就越少）4.__________youeat,_________you’llbe.(你吃得越多,就越胖)5.Alicewriteswell.Marywrites_________________thanshe.(甚至更好）ThemorecarefulthefewerThemorethefatter1.Thegirlbecomes______________________.

(越來越漂亮）moreandmorebeautiful2.Theweatherisgetting

_________________.

(越來越槽糕）worseandworseeven/stillbetter2021/5/9541.表示三者或三者以上比較,可用”Which/Who…+最高級,…,…or…?”表示.2.最高級+of/among(同類比較)in…(范圍比較)4.oneof+形容詞最高級+名詞復數(shù)表示“最…之一”3.序數(shù)詞修飾最高級形容詞和副詞的最高級的用法Whois

thetallest,Tom,Mike,orJack?Tomis