自主學(xué)習(xí)階段1知識精講1parta看另一個即可a10ias

IAS12eTaxcharge/etaxCurrenttaxDeferredtax

(statementofprofitor1CurrentCurrenttaxistheamountpayabletothetax relationtothetradingactivitiesoftheperiod.Youwouldcalculatetheamountoftaxduetobepaidon 'staxableprofitsandwiththisamountyouDEBITetax-currenttax(statementofprofitorloss)CREDITTaxpayable(Currentliability)2DifferencebetweencurrentanddeferredThedifferencebetweencurrentanddeferredCurrenttaxistheamountactuallypayabletotheinrelationtothetradingactivitiesoftheentityduringtheDeferredtaxisanaccountingmeasure,usedtomatchthetaxeffectsoftransactionswiththeiraccountingimpactandtherebyproducelessdistortedresults.【MJ：遞延所得稅源自會稅差異】3Deferredtax-JonquilCobuysequipmentfor$50,000on1January20X1anddepreciatesitonastraightlinebasisoveritsexpectedusefullifeoffiveyears.Ithasnoothernon-currentassets.Fortaxpurposes,theequipmentisdepreciatedat25%perannumonastraightlinebasis.Accountingprofitbeforetaxfortheyears20X1to20X5$20,000perannum.Thetaxrateis40%.Showthecalculationsofcurrentanddeferredtaxfortheyears20X1to20X5.Thetaxchargetoprofitorlosswillbeas$$$$$ProfitfortheAddbackDeducttax-Current??Dretax-Current?CrTaxThedifferencesbetweenaccountingandtaxdepreciationontheequipmentwill$$$$$Accounting-CurrentAcc.profitbeforedep.TotalProfitbeforeAveannual

【萬，55年累計納稅4萬，000多AccountingAccountingCurrentetaxinprofitorDretax-CurrentCrTaxpayableDretaxCr

【MJ：一個買價為5萬的固定資產(chǎn)，按照40%的稅率，在他的中能夠讓企業(yè)少交稅的總數(shù)就是2AccountingdepreciationTaxdepreciationCurrentDeferredtaxadjustment*etaxinprofitorlossDretax-CurrentCrTaxDretax-Deferredtax

會強(qiáng)制征收的稅收Currenttax當(dāng)期所得稅區(qū)別開來，deferredtax】CrDeferredtax 4Deferredtax-Provisionanddeferredtax。俗話說凡事論因果，會計上YY計AccountingCurrentDeferredtaxetaxinprofitorDTL@20X1-Dretax-DeferredtaxCrDeferredtax收了1000的稅Currenttax。我深知出來混總是要還的，于是每年都很自覺的把少向稅務(wù)局交的稅1000Deferredtax計提YY上，四年累計YY了4000的義務(wù)DTL】 Accounting Current Deferredtax etaxinprofitor DTL@ Dre-CurrentCrTaxDrDeferredtaxCretax-Deferred

第五年多向我多征收了4000的稅Currenttax，這個稅是我必須馬上立刻進(jìn)貢的當(dāng)期所得稅Currenttax。好在聰明如我，早就洞悉了這一切，在過去用Deferredtax計提YY上。當(dāng)我畢恭畢敬的交完當(dāng)期所得tax的結(jié)局，學(xué)名DeferredtaxreversalCurrent

Deferredtax-Provision*Deferredtax-Reversal*DTL@12/31

0MJ：當(dāng)稅務(wù)局讓我多抵扣少向我征收Taxpayable&Currenttax的這個YY的義務(wù)稱為DTL&Deferredtax。當(dāng)來的時候法的我在當(dāng)期得交稅Taxpayable&Currenttax后，當(dāng)然我過去未雨綢繆YY的義務(wù)DTL&Deferredtax也就煙消云散。WhydowerecognisedeferredAdjustmentsfordeferredtaxaremadeinaccordancewithaccrualsandinaccordancewiththedefinitionofaaccruals【MJ：會稅差異導(dǎo)致了報表的，為了解決這種會計BasicprinciplesofDeferredBasicprinciplesofDeferredDeferredtaxisthetaxattributabletotemporarydifferences,whicharedifferencesbetweenthecarryingamountofanassetorliabilityinthestatementoffinancialpositionanditstaxbase.Thetaxbaseofanassetistheamountwhichwillbedeductibleagainsttaxableeconomicbenefitsfromrecoveringthecarryingamountoftheasset.Whererecoveryofanassetwillhavenotaxconsequences,thetaxbaseisequaltothecarryingamount.Taxabletemporarydifferences(amountstaxableinthefuture)generateadeferredtaxliability.Deductibletemporarydifferences(amountstaxdeductibleinthefuture)generateadeferredtaxasset.Deferredtax-TheTemporarydifferencesofntwill$$$$$$Carrying-Taxbaseat---Temporary-Deferredtaxliability--Deferredtax=Deferredtax-IllustrationAdeferredtaxassetariseswherethetaxbaseofanassetexceedsthecarryingamount.Deferredtaxassetsarenotrecognisedwhereitismorelikelythannotthattheassetswillnotberealisedinthefuture.Theevaluationofdeferredtaxassets’recoverabilityrequiresjudgementstobemaderegardingtheavailabilityoffuturetaxablee.生】，會計上提前YYtaxY2OtherDevelopmentDevelopmentcostsarecapitalisedunderIAS38,butareoftentaxdeductibleintheperiodincurred.Insuchcases,thetemporarydifferenceisthefullcarryingamountofthedevelopmentexpendituresincethetaxbaseisnil(thecostshavealreadybeendeductedfromtaxableprofits),generatingadeferredtaxliabilitywhenmultipliedbythetaxrate.Impairmentlosses(andinventoryIfthelossisnottaxdeductibleuntillater(e.g.untiltheassetissold)adeductibletemporarydifferencearises.Taxbaseoftheassetdoesnotchangeandsoadeferredtaxassetarisesbasedonthelossmultipliedbythetaxrate.FinancialGainsonfinancialassetsheldatfairvalueareeitherrecognisedinprofitorlossorinothercomprehensivee(coveredinFinancialinstruments).Ifthegainisnottaxableuntilsale,ataxabletemporarydifferencearisesgeneratingadeferredtaxliability.Similarly,lossestaxdeductibleonsalegenerateadeferredtaxasset.ThedeferredtaxisrecognisedinthesamesectionofthestatementofprofitorlossandothercomprehensiveeastheUnusedtaxlossesandunusedtaxInrelationtounusedtradinglosses,thecarryingamountiszerosincethelosseshavenotyetbeenrecognisedinthefinancialstatements.Taxlossesandcreditsmayresultinataxsavingiftheycanbecarriedforwardtoreducefuturetaxpayments.Adeferredtaxassetisrecognisedforthecarryforwardofunusedtaxlossesorcreditstotheextentthatitisprobablethatfuturetaxableprofitwillbeavailableagainstwhichtheunusedtaxlossesandcreditscanbeused.ExEx-2019/06Hudsonhasayearendof31December20X2andoperatesadefinedbenefitschemeforallemployees.Hudsonhasbeenexperiencinglossesforanumberofyearsanditsdraftfinancialstatementsreflectasmalllossforthecurrentyearof$10million.TaxThedirectorsofHudsonwishtorecogniseamaterialdeferredtaxassetinrelationto$250millionofunusedtradinglosseswhichhaveaccumulatedasat31December20X2.Hudsonhasbudgetedprofitsfor$80millionfortheyearended31December20X3.Thedirectorshaveforecastthatprofitswillgrowby20%eachyearforthenextfouryears.Themarketiscurrentlydepressedandsalesordersareatalowerlevelforthefirstquarterof20X3thantheywereforthesameperiodinanyofthepreviousfiveyears.Hudsonoperatesunderataxjurisdictionwhichallowsfortradinglossesbeonlycarriedforwardfor umoftwo inwhetheradeferredtaxassetcanberecognisedinthefinancialstatementsofHudsonintheyearended31December20X2. AnswerAnswerDeferredtaxesrepresenttheamountsofetaxespayableorrecoverableinfutureperiodsinrespectoftemporarydifferences.Temporarydifferencesaredifferencesbetweenthecarryingamountofanassetorliabilityanditstaxbase.Adeferredtaxassetariseswherethetaxbaseofanassetexceedsthecarryingamount.Adeferredtaxassetcanalsooccurwhenthetaxbaseofaliabilitydiffersfromitscarryingamount;theeventualsettlementoftheliabilityrepresentsafuturetaxdeduction.Inrelationtounusedtradinglosses,thecarryingamountiszerosincethelosseshavenotyetbeenrecognisedinthefinancialstatementsofHudson.ApotentialdeferredtaxassetdoesarisebutthedeterminationofthetaxbaseismoreThetaxbaseofanassetistheamountwhichwillbedeductibleagainsttaxableeconomicbenefitsfromrecoveringthecarryingamountoftheasset.Whererecoveryofanassetwillhavenotaxconsequences,thetaxbaseisequaltothecarryingamount.Hudsonoperatesunderataxjurisdictionwhichonlyallowslossestobecarriedforwardfortwoyears.The umthetaxbasecouldbeisthereforeequaltotheamountofunusedlossesfor20X1and20X2sincetheseonlyareavailabletobedeductedfromfutureprofits.Thetaxbasethoughneedstoberestrictedtotheextentthatthereisaprobabilityofsufficientfutureprofitstooffsetthetradinglosses.ThedirectorsofHudsonshouldbasetheirforecastofthefutureprofitabilityonreasonableandsupportableassumptions.Thereappearstobeevidencethatthisisnotthecase.Hudsonhasarecenthistoryoftradinglossesandthereislittleevidencethattherewillbeanimprovementintradingresultswithinthenextcoupleofyears.Themarketisdepressedandsalesordersforthefirstquarterof20X3arebelowlevelsinanyofthepreviousfiveyears.Theforecastprofitabilityfor20X3andsubsequentgrowthratethereforeappeartobeunrealisticallyoptimistic.Giventhatlossescanonlybecarriedforwardfora umoftwoyears,itisunlikelythatanydeferredtaxassetshouldberecognised.ExEx-2019/12DeferredtaxStentCoincludesadeferredtaxassetinitsstatementoffinancialposition,basedonlossesincurredinthecurrentandtheprevioustwoyears.Thefinancedirectorhasaskedtheaccountanttoincludethedeferredtaxassetinfull.HehassuggestedthisonthebasisthatStentCowillreturntoprofitabilityonceitsfundingissuesareresolved.(3InaccordancewithIAS12eTaxes,adeferredtaxassetshallberecognisedforthecarry-forwardofunusedtaxlossestotheextentthatitisprobablethatfuturetaxableprofitwillbeavailableagainstwhichtheunusedtaxlossescanbeutilised.However,theexistenceofunusedtaxlossesisstrongevidencethatfuturetaxableprofitmaynotbeavailable.Therefore,whenanentityhasahistoryofrecentlosses,theentityrecognisesadeferredtaxassetarisingfromunusedtaxlossesonlytotheextentthatithasconvincingevidencethatsufficienttaxableprofitwillbeavailableagainstwhichtheunusedtaxlossescanbeutilised.Insuchcircumstances,theamountofthedeferredtaxassetandthenatureoftheevidencesupportingitsrecognitionmustbedisclosed.ThedirectorsofStentCoshouldconsiderwhetheritisprobablethatStentCowillhavetaxableprofitsbeforetheunusedtaxlossesorunusedtaxcreditsexpire,whethertheunusedtaxlossesresultfromidentifiablecauseswhichareunlikelytorecur;andwhethertaxnningopportunitiesareavailabletotheentitywhichwillcreatetaxableprofitintheperiodinwhichtheunusedtaxlossesorunusedtaxcreditscanbeutilised.Totheextentthatitisnotprobablethattaxableprofitwillbeavailableagainstwhichtheunusedtaxlossesorunusedtaxcreditscanbeutilised,thedeferredtaxassetshouldnotberecognised.Theremovalofadeferredtaxassetwouldreducenetassets,andequity.Gearingwouldthereforeincrease.GroupfinancialFairvalueadjustmentsonNymanacquireditsinterestinGlasson1January20X3.Thefairvaluesoftheassetsandliabilitiesacquiredwereconsideredtobeequaltotheircarryingamounts,withtheexceptionofholdpropertywhichwasconsideredtobe$1minexcessofitsbookvalue.Thedirectorshavenointentionofsellingtheproperty.IFRS3requiresassetsacquiredandliabilitiesassumedonacquisitionofasubsidiarytobebroughtinattheirfairvalueratherthanbookvalue,buttaxisbasedonindividual thangroupaccountfigures.Thedeferredtaxliabilityonfairvalueincreasesresultsinhighergoodwill,whilethedeferredtaxassetonfairvaluereductionsresultsinlowergoodwill.Thedeferredtaxof =$0.25misdebitedtoreducingthefairvalueadjustments(andnetassetsatacquisition)andincreasinggoodwill.UnrealisedprofitsonintragroupS(taxrate25%)hassoldgoodsatapriceof$6milliontoP(taxrate30%)sinceacquisitionandmadeaprofitof$2milliononthetransaction.TheinventoriesofthesegoodsrecordedinP'sstatementoffinancialpositionattheyearend,30September20X3,was$3.6million.Inthegroupfinancialstatements,areductionforunrealisedprofitismadewheregoodstransferredhavenotbeensoldoutsidethegroup.Normallythetaxbaseisthecosttotheindividualreceiving(i.e.notaxadjustmentforgroupunrealisedprofits)andsoadeductibletemporarydifferencearises.Adeferredtaxassetisrecognisedatthereceiving 'staxrate.Provisionsforunrealisedprofitsaretemporarydifferenceswhichcreatedeferredtaxassetsandthedeferredtaxisprovidedatthe 'srateoftax.Adeferredtaxassetwouldariseof(3.6×2/6)@30%=$360,000.UndistributedprofitsofAsubsidiary'sprofitsarerecognisedintheconsolidatedfinancialstatements,butmaybesubjecttoadditionaltaxwhenremittedtotheparent'staxregimeasdividende.UnderIAS12adeferredtaxliabilityisrecognisedtheparent,investororventurerisabletocontrolthetimingofthereversalofthetemporarydifference(e.g.bydeterminingdividend);anditisprobablethatthetemporarydifferencewillnotreverseintheforeseeablefuture.例A公司20×7年度利潤表中利潤總額為3000萬元，該公司20×7年發(fā)生的有關(guān)和事項中，會計處理與處理1500萬元，使用年限為10年，凈殘值為0，會計處理按雙倍余額遞減法計提折舊，處理按直計提折舊。假定稅定的使用年限及凈殘值與會計規(guī)定相同。（2）向關(guān)聯(lián)企業(yè)捐贈現(xiàn)金500萬元。假定按照稅定，（3）當(dāng)期取得作為性金融資產(chǎn)核算的投資成本為800萬元，20×7年12月31日的公允價值為1200萬元。稅定，以公允價值計量的金融資產(chǎn)持有期間（4）環(huán)保定應(yīng)支付罰款250應(yīng)納稅所得額=3000+(300-150)50040025075=3575（萬元 2211001

937556289371000拓展提高——2018/12QuestionHollsGroupispreparingitsfinancialstatementsfortheyearended30November20X7.ThedirectorsofHollshavebeenaskedbyaninvestortoex intheaccountingfortaxationinthefinancialstatements.TheGroupoperatesinseveraltaxjurisdictionsandissubjecttoannualtaxauditswhichcanresultinamendmentstotheamountoftaxtobepaid.Theprofitfromcontinuingoperationswas$300millionintheyearto30November20X7andthereportedtaxchargewas$87million.Theinvestorwasconfusedastowhythetaxchargewasnotthetaxratemultipliedbytheprofitfromcontinuingoperations.Thedirectorshavepreparedareconciliationofthenotionaltaxchargeonprofitsascomparedwiththeactualtaxchargefortheperiod.$Profitfromcontinuingoperationsbefore Notionalchargeatlocalcorporationtaxrateof Differencesinoverseastax Taxrelatingtonon-taxablegainsondisposalsofbusinesses Taxrelatingtotheimpairmentof Othertax Taxchargeforthe Theamountofetaxespaidasshowninthestatementofcashflowsis$95millionbutthereisnocurrentexnationofthetaxeffectsoftheaboveitemsinthefinancialstatements.ThetaxrateapplicabletoHollsfortheyearended30November20X7is22%.Thereisaproposalinthelocaltaxlegislationthatanewtaxrateof25%willapplyfrom1January20X8.InthecountrywhereHollsisdomiciled,taxlawsandratechangesareenactedwhenthe ernmentapprovesthelegislation.Theernmentapprovedthelegislationon12November20X7.ThecurrentweightedaveragetaxratefortheGroupis27%.Hollsdoesnotcurrentlydiscloseitsopinionofhowthetaxratemayalterinthefuturebutthe ernmentislikelytochangewiththeresultthatanew ernmentwillalmostcertainlyincreasethecorporatetaxrate.At30November20X7,Hollshasdeductibletemporarydifferencesof$4·5millionwhichareexpectedtoreverseinthenextyear.Inaddition,Hollsalsohastaxabletemporarydifferencesof$5millionwhichrelatetothesametaxableandthetaxauthority.Hollsexpects$3millionofthosetaxabletemporarydifferencestoreversein20X8andtheremaining$2milliontoreversein20X9.Priortothecurrentyear,Hollshadmadesignificantlosses.Withreferencetotheaboveinformation,ex intotheinvestor,thenatureofaccountingfortaxationinfinancialstatements.Note:Youranswershouldex inthetaxreconciliation,discusstheimplicationsofcurrentandfuturetaxrates,andprovideanex nationofaccountingfordeferredtaxationinaccordancewithrelevantIFRSStandards.(14marks)Professionalmarkswillbeawardedinquestion4(b)forclarityandqualityofdiscussion.(2marks)AnswerCurrenttaxisbasedontaxableprofitfortheyear.Taxableprofitisdifferentfromaccountingprofitduetotemporarydifferencesbetweenaccountingandtaxtreatments,andduetoitemswhicharenevertaxableortaxdeductible.Taxbenefitssuchastaxcreditsarenotrecognisedunlessitisprobablethatthetaxpositionsaresustainable.TheGroupisrequiredtoestimatethecorporatetaxineachofthemanyjurisdictionsinwhichitoperates.TheGroupissubjecttotaxauditsinmanyjurisdictions;asaresult,theGroupmayberequiredtomakeanadjustmentinasubsequentperiodwhichcouldhaveamaterialimpactontheGroup’sprofitfortheyear.TaxThetaxratereconciliationisimportantforunderstandingthetaxchargereportedinthefinancialstatementsandwhytheeffectivetaxratediffersfromthestatutoryrate.Mostcompanieswillreconcilethegroup’sannualtaxexpensetothestatutoryrateinthecountryinwhichtheparentisbased.Hencetherateof22%isusedinthetaxreconciliation.Itisimportantthatthereconciliationex insthereasonsforthedifferencesbetweentheeffectiverateandthestatutoryrate.Thereshouldbeminimaluseofthe‘other’category.Inthiscase,theothercategoryisquitesignificant($14million)andthereisnoexnationofwhat‘other’constitutes.One-offandunusualitemscanhaveasignificanteffectontheeffectivetaxrate,butfinancialstatementsandnotesoftendonotincludeadetaileddiscussionofthem.Forexample,thebrandimpairmentanddisposalsofbusinessesshouldbeex inedtoinvestors,astheyareprobablymaterialitems.Theex shouldincludeanypotentialreversalofthetreatment.Someprofitsrecognisedinthefinancialstatementsarenon-taxablesuchasthetaxrelatingtonon-taxablegainsondisposalsofbusinessesandinsomejurisdictions,taxationreliefonimpairmentlosseswillnotbeallowablefortaxation.Thereasonsfortheseitemsnotbeingallowedfortaxationshouldbeex inedtoinvestors.TaxAstheGroupisoperatinginmultiplecountries,theactualtaxratesapplicabletoprofitsinthosecountriesaredifferentfromthelocaltaxrate.Theoverseastaxratesarehigherthanlocalrates,hencetheincreaseinthetaxationchargeof$10m.Thelocalrateisdifferentfromtheweightedaveragetaxrate(27%)oftheGroupbasedonthedifferentjurisdictionsinwhichitoperates.InvestorsmayfeelthatusingtheweightedtaxrateinthereconciliationgivesamoremeaningfulnumberbecauseitisabetterestimateofthetaxratetheGroupexpectstopayoverthelongterm.Investorswillwishtounderstandthe ’sexpectedlong-termsustainabletaxratesotheycanpreparetheircashfloworprofitforecasts.Informationaboutthesustainabilityofthetaxrateoverthelongtermismoreimportantthanwhethertherateishighorlowcomparedtootherjurisdictions.Anadjustmentcanbemadetoaninvestor’sfinancialmodelforalong-termsustainablerate,butnotforavolatileratewherethereisnocertaintyoverfutureperformance.Formodellingpurposes,anunderstandingoftheactualcashtaxespaidiscriticalandthecashpaidof$95millioncanbefoundinthestatementofcashflows.DeferredProvisionfordeferredtaxismadefortemporarydifferencesbetweenthecarryingamountofassetsandliabilitiesforfinancialreportingpurposesandtheirvaluefortaxpurposes.Theamountofdeferredtaxreflectstheexpectedrecoverableamountandisbasedontheexpectedmannerofrecoveryorsettlementofthecarryingamountofassetsandliabilities,usingthebasisoftaxationenactedorsubstantivelyenactedbythefinancialstatementdate.DeferredtaxassetsarenotrecognisedwhereitismorelikelythannotthattheassetswillnotberealisedinthefutureandreferencetoIAS37Provisions,ContingentLiabilitiesandContingentAssetsisusefulinthisregard.Theevaluationofdeferredtaxassets’recoverabilityrequiresjudgementstobemaderegardingtheavailabilityoffuturetaxablee.Managementassessestheavailableevidencetoestimateifsufficientfuturetaxableewillbegeneratedtousetheexistingdeferredtaxassets.Asignificantpieceofobjectivenegativeevidenceevaluatedwasthelossincurredintheperiodpriortotheperiodended30November20X7.Suchobjectiveevidencemaylimittheabilitytoconsiderothersubjectiveevidencesuchasprojectionsforfuturegrowth.Deferredtaxesareoneofthemostdifficultareasofthefinancialstatementsforinvestorstounderstand.Thusthereisaneedforaclearex nationofthedeferredtaxbalancesandanysisoftheexpectedtimingofreversals.Thiswouldhelpinvestorsseetimeperiodoverwhichdeferre